INHIBITION DE SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII SACC. (CORTICIACEAE), AGENT CAUSAL DE LA POURRITURE DU COLLET DE LA TIGE DE LA TOMATE (SOLANACEAE), PAR XYLOPIA AETHIOPICA (DUNAL) A. RICH (ANNONACEAE) ET TRICHODERMA SP.

Abstract

Tomato (Solanum esculentum Mill) is one of the most consumed in the world with a production of 124 million tons of vegetables. However, the growth of this culture runs into constraints to plant health. To find alternatives to synthetic fungicides which represent the means of control used by most gardeners, a study was conducted on the extracts (essential oils and powders of fruits and leaves) of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A . Rich. (Annonaceae) and two synthetic fungicides (Banko-plus and mancozebe) to test their antifungal potency of Sclerotium rolfsii. Fifteen isolates of Trichoderma sp. are also used for quality antibiotic and fertilizer for crops. At the end of the in vitro tests, it was revealed that the essential oil of fruits was higher than the other extracts on mycelial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii inhibition rate. Four isolates with the best attitudes to mycelial growth were used for in vivo testing. After in vivo assays, the essential oil of fruits and the 9th isolate of Trichoderma harzianum showed a good return on the growth parameters of tomato. The powdered fruit of Xylopia aethiopica also showed a good response to the incidence of the disease. The impact of the higher disease was 10.66 for the fruit powder and 5.96 for the essential oil of the fruit. This study offers the possibility of using essential oils and powdered fruit of Xylopia aethiopica in strategies to control Sclerotium rolfsii.