European Scientific Journal, ESJ

Obstacles à la réussite des infirmiers et sages‑femmes à la certification : Résultats d’une enquête et observation auprès de 3 écoles en Casamance naturelle (Sénégal)

2026-01-08T18:26:32+00:00

Introduction: L’examen de certification organisé par le ministère de la Santé et de l’action sociale reste la seule voie d’obtention du diplôme d’infirmier ou de sage-femme d’état au Sénégal. Malgré la multiplication des écoles de formations cet examen connait de nos jours un très faible taux de réussite annuel de l’ordre de moins de 5% au cours des dernières années. Pour tenter de comprendre les raisons de ce faible taux de réussite nous avons mené une enquête auprès de 3 écoles de formations dans la Casamance naturelle. Méthodes: Nous avons mené une étude rétrospective transversale de type descriptive deux mois après la proclamation des résultats de l’examen de certification des étudiants des sciences paramédicales (infirmiers et sages-femmes d’état) Cette étude s’est déroulée dans la Casamance naturelle au sein de 3 écoles de formation ou nous avons interrogé les étudiants les enseignants et l’administration. Résultats: Les résultats de cette étude montrent que plusieurs facteurs expliquent le faible taux de réussite des étudiants infirmiers et sages-femmes des écoles de santé de la Casamance naturelle aux examens de certification. Parmi ceux-ci figurent l’insuffisance de la gestion pédagogique, le manque de matériel didactique, le manque d’enseignants permanents, le critère non rigoureux de recrutement des enseignants vacataires, l’insuffisance de l’encadrement des étudiants ainsi que la non évaluation des enseignements et les enseignants. Conclusion: Au terme de ce travail de recherche, il ressort que le faible taux de réussite des étudiants en sciences infirmières et obstétricales à l’examen de certification dans les écoles de santé de la Casamance naturelle résulte d’un ensemble de facteurs interconnectés à savoir des insuffisances dans la qualité de l’encadrement pédagogique, le manque d’équipements et de matériel didactique, la non évaluation des enseignants ainsi que les critères de recrutement non rigoureux.

Introduction: The certification examination administered by the Ministry of Health and Social Action constitutes the sole pathway to obtaining the state diploma for nurses and midwives in Senegal. Despite the proliferation of training institutions, this examination has consistently demonstrated a remarkably low annual pass rate, falling below 5% in recent years. To investigate the determinants of this poor performance, a survey was conducted across three training schools in the Casamance region. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study was undertaken two months following the publication of the paramedical sciences certification examination results (for state-registered nurses and midwives). The study was conducted in three training institutions within the Casamance region, involving interviews with students, instructional staff, and administrative personnel. Results: The findings indicate that the low pass rate among nursing and midwifery students from Casamance health training schools on the certification examination is multifactorial. Contributing elements include deficiencies in pedagogical management, a lack of teaching materials and equipment, an insufficient number of permanent faculty members, non-rigorous recruitment criteria for adjunct instructors, inadequate student supervision, and the absence of formal evaluation mechanisms for both teaching quality and instructor performance. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the low certification examination pass rate for nursing and midwifery students in Casamance health training schools stems from a constellation of interrelated factors. These encompass shortcomings in the quality of pedagogical supervision, a deficit of equipment and didactic resources, the lack of instructor evaluation, and non-stringent recruitment criteria for teaching staff.

Impact of Fraud in Financial Assistance Programs and Its Prevention: Case Study of Merankabandi, Burundi

2026-01-08T18:26:25+00:00

The purpose of this study is to examine the frequency and processes of fraud in financial assistance programs, focusing on Merankabandi in Burundi. It aimed to identify systemic vulnerabilities and recommend evidence-based preventive strategies to enhance program integrity and effectiveness. The design, methodology, and approach in this research involve reviewing documents, conducting qualitative analysis, interviewing stakeholders, and observing in the field to thoroughly examine Merankabandi’s governance model in comparison to similar programs worldwide, thereby providing a context for its challenges. The discussions of the findings in this research suggest that there may be either a misunderstanding of fraud or that fraud is genuinely low and unappreciated in Merankabandi, Burundi. The results show structural weaknesses in digital literacy, insufficient aid, and a lack of manual guidance. The implementation of biometric registration and community monitoring organisations has decreased fraud incidents in pilot zones, highlighting the vulnerability of beneficiaries to data collection and targeting processes. This study offers new insights into the interaction between fraud and socioeconomic vulnerability in the aid delivery system. It also introduces a context-specific, field-based approach to prevent and detect fraud, particularly in fragile states.

Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Ocular Biometry for Cataract: A Systematic Review

2026-01-08T18:26:25+00:00

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising tool in the modernization of ophthalmic practice, particularly in ocular biometrics for cataract surgery. This review explores how AI can optimize the accuracy and personalization of human eye biometrics, which are crucial for diagnosis, surgical planning success, and the reduction of intra- and postoperative complications. The research was conducted through a systematic review using the PRISMA methodology across databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eight studies were included that met eligibility criteria, focusing on machine learning tools and other AI approaches. The results show that AI improves the prediction of biometric parameters, such as the power and position of intraocular lenses, in addition to identifying risk factors and optimizing resources, especially in contexts with limited infrastructure. AI-based models outperformed traditional methods, from advanced calculations to accessibility in remote regions. The review concludes that AI has transformative potential in ophthalmology, although challenges such as methodological validation, generalization, and ethical regulation remain. The study's implications include advancements in clinical practice and the need for public policies that promote the ethical and effective use of these technologies.