Musa, B.K., Ismail, A. and Abdallah, A. 2023. Socio – Economic and Financial Efects of Kidnapping in Birnin Gwari Local Governmant Area of Kaduna State . European Scientific Journal, ESJ. 19, 4 (Feb. 2023), 42. DOI:https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n4p42.