European Scientific Journal, ESJ

Connaissance, attitude et pratique des patients vis-à-vis de l’HVB à Bangui

Oumarou Youssouf — 2025-07-14

Introduction : dans le monde et en Centrafrique l l’hépatite virale B est l'une des principales causes des maladies graves (cirrhose du foie et carcinome hépatocellulaire) ; la sensibilisation, la connaissance représentent des moyens essentiels pour lutter contre cette affection. Objectif: Evaluer les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des patients concernant l’hépatite virale B, et déterminer les facteurs associés aux bonnes connaissances sur cette maladie. Patients et méthode : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale et descriptive de janvier à décembre 2023 au Laboratoire d’Analyse Médicale de l’Institut Pasteur de Bangui. Étaient inclus les patients adressés à l’institut pasteur de Bangui pour des analyses comportant le diagnostic de l’hépatite Résultats au total, 365 personnes sur 1049 ont répondu aux questions dont 445 porteurs AgHbs (antigène de surface du virus de l’hépatite b), sur les 365, 210 ont entendu parler de l’hépatite B dont 107 à la radio soit 50,9% et 1es autre l’ont entendu soit à l’hôpital ou lors de sensibilisation. Deux cents soixante Cinque (72,6%) ne savaient pas ce que c’est que l’hépatite B, 297 (81,3%) ne connaissaient pas les moyens de prévention, 266 ne savaient pas les facteurs de risques. Parmi les porteurs d’antigènesHBs 371 étaient du niveau supérieur et 50 du secondaire. Le multiple partenaire sexuel était de 118 sur les 445 soit 26,5%. Conclusion : l’hépatite virale b demeure un véritable problème de santé publique, en Centrafrique l’ignorance est la cause principale. Une action nationale de grande envergure est recommandée et urgente.

Introduction: Worldwide and in the Central African Republic, viral hepatitis B is one of the leading causes of serious illnesses (liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma); awareness and knowledge are essential means to combat this disease. Objective: To assess patients' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding viral hepatitis B, and determine the factors associated with good knowledge of this disease. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2023 at the Medical Analysis Laboratory of the Institut Pasteur in Bangui. Patients referred to the Institut Pasteur in Bangui for testing, including the diagnosis of hepatitis, were included. Results: A total of 365 out of 1,049 people responded to the questions, including 445 HBsAg (hepatitis B virus surface antigen) carriers. Of the 365, 210 had heard of hepatitis B, including 107. On the radio, 50.9%, and the other 1st heard it either in the hospital or during awareness-raising sessions. Two hundred and sixty-five (72.6%) did not know what hepatitis B was, 297 (81.3%) did not know the means of prevention, and 266 did not know the risk factors. Among the HBs antigen carriers, 371 were in higher education and 50 in secondary education. Multiple sexual partners were 118 out of 445, or 26.5%. Conclusion: Viral hepatitis B remains a real public health problem; in the Central African Republic, ignorance is the main cause. Large-scale national action is recommended and urgent.

Examining variations in sensitivity of cereal crop yield to climate change variables across the three regions in Northern Ghana using Multilevel and Bayesian Multilevel Modeling

William Kofi Nkegbe — 2025-07-10

The study applied both the multilevel and the Bayesian multilevel model approaches to investigate variations in the effects of climate variables on cereal crop yield in Northern Ghana with respect to the region of cultivation and year (time), and to compare the performance of the two models. Thirty-one years of data points on some climate variables and the annual yield of some selected cereal crops from the Meteorological Agency and the Ministry of Food and Agriculture of Ghana, respectively, were used. Results indicated significant variations in climate change impact across the regions and years of cultivation. Further, the results showed that the impact of humidity and sunshine on crop yield varies from one region to another, with humidity having the most variation. The study further revealed that the Bayesian Multilevel model performed better in its model scores and predictive ability. It concluded that there are variations in the impact of climate change on cereal crop yield in the regions in Northern Ghana and recommends that climate characteristics of the regions should be taken into account in predicting future yield and adopting mitigation strategies.

Evaluating the Role of Digital Financial Services in Enhancing Efficiency and Accessibility of Social Safety Net Programs in Bangladesh

Md. Jahir Uddin — 2025-07-10

This study examines traditional and existing distribution channels and scrutinizes the effects of Digital Financial Services (DFSs) on delivering Social Safety Net (SSN) benefits. Researchers conducted a field study in the Sylhet Division, which is one of the largest digital areas in Bangladesh; however, there has been a large digitalization drive in the Sylhet Division, especially with the Sylhet City Corporation at the forefront of a mission towards a digital Sylhet. The researchers collected data from 100 respondents, including students, entrepreneurs, government officials, teachers, SSN beneficiaries, and local representatives, using a simple random sampling technique. To improve the theoretical foundation, this study reviewed secondary published materials such as journal articles, books, book chapters, and conference papers. The survey data were analysed using SPSS software, with illustrations of the variables and characteristics. The study findings revealed that traditional banking channels for distributing SSN benefits were ineffective owing to higher costs, mismanagement, corruption, and complexity. Hence, the digital means of financial benefits to the beneficiaries of SSNs function well with the complement of faster service, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency. However, privacy threats, lack of technical knowledge, and risk management issues are prime concerns for the effective operation of DFS to accelerate the benefits of SSNs. The study findings will help researchers, policymakers, and beneficiaries, as well as overcome the existing challenges of DFS in effectively providing SSN benefits.