European Scientific Journal, ESJ

Evaluation of Sanitation Risk of Toxic Waste Contaminated Soils

Sun, 07 Dec 2025 14:46:58 +0000

This work aim to understand the sanitation risk of toxic waste on tropical contaminated soils. The Ivorian Antipollution Center discovered 540 m³ of the toxic waste from Probo Koala boat in 21 August, 2006. These toxic waste have been seen in 13 zones of the Abidjan district : Akouédo, Abobo, Abobo Alépé road (DJIBI village), civile prison road (MACA), industrial zone of Koumassi, Port-Bouët - Vridi CAP Logistic (Rue Saint-Sylvestre)… This situation caused a socio-political crisis and generated the death of many people. In the aim to know the environmental impact and health risk assessment of toxics waste, of these contaminated soils in Abidjan district (Ivory Coast) the samples of these toxic waste have been sent to analyses in France. This analyse show that the principal compound of thes toxic waste are Polycyclics Aromatics Hydrocarbons (PAH), Volatile Aromatics Compound (VAC), Mercaptans and sulfurs molecules, Heavy metal, sulfur, Aliphatic Hydrocarbons, Linear hydrocarbons and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH). As these compounds present carcinogenic, toxic, and mutagenic properties, some of them were classified as priority pollutants by the US-EPA (Keith and Telliard 1979). In environment, the toxic waste cause the contamination of sols, water, air around the world (US-EPA, 1999). In this work, we want to present to you the risk of toxics waste on the health of people and the environment in the district of Abidjan.

Contribution of Satellite Imagery, Geographic Information Systems, Pedology, and Statistical Analysis to the Characterization of Water Availability Potential in Urban Watersheds: Application to the Former Municipality of Ratoma (Republic of Guinea)

Sun, 07 Dec 2025 14:43:27 +0000

In response to the challenges associated with drinking water supply in urban areas, this study proposes an integrated approach to characterize the water availability potential of watersheds in the former municipality of Ratoma, Guinea. The research combines remote sensing (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission of USGS), Geographic information system (automatic extraction of watersheds and hydro-morphometric parameters), soil characterization, and multivariate statistical analysis. Based on the Digital terrain model, 38 watersheds were identified and described according to 29 hydro-morphometric parameters. Principal component analysis explained 86.24% of the total variance across three main axes: structural dimension (45.05%), the density of the hydrographic network (23.41%), and the energy of the relief (17.78%). Ascending hierarchical classification distinguished two functional groups: on the one hand, small basins (0.16-1.67 km²) with a rapid hydrological response, and on the other hand, larger basins (1.76-7 km²) with slower dynamics. At the same time, Ratoma's soil analysis identified nine soil units, dominated by skeletal formations (75%) with rapid drainage. Granulometric and qualitative analysis of the samples revealed significant textural variability that may influence infiltration. Coarse soils have a high infiltration capacity but low water retention, while fine soils exhibit temporary hydromorphy. Cross-referencing the results made it possible to spatially identify areas with high water potential (hydromorphic soils) and transit areas (skeletal soils), providing a valuable tool for decision-making in the sustainable management of groundwater resources in urban contexts, particularly for selecting sites suitable for drilling and for planning sustainable supply strategies.

Organizational Modes and Water Service Performance: A 1995–2025 Meta-Analysis and Implications for PPPs and Regional Multiservice Companies (SRMs) in Morocco

Mohamed Charaf Elouafai, Jalal Azegagh — Sun, 07 Dec 2025 14:40:13 +0000

Across LMICs, water governance varies; Morocco combines public régies, ONEE, delegated PPPs, and new SRMs, complicating evidence on “what works”. Following PRISMA, a meta-analysis (1995–2025; 173 studies; 742 effects) harmonized efficiency, access, quality, equity, environmental, and governance outcomes with moderators. Pooled results favor PPP/delegated modes for efficiency (g≈0.22) and modestly for access and quality; equity tends negative; environmental effects are near zero. Regulatory capacity, KPI breadth, and yardstick competition strengthen performance; ownership alone is not decisive. In Morocco, SRM regionalization should embed transparent benchmarking and social tariffs to balance efficiency with inclusion.