European Scientific Journal, ESJ

Study the Application of Digital Currency in Sports Business

Sherin Y. Elmahdy, Ezzeldin R. Aly — Mon, 19 Jan 2026 12:33:01 +0000

If Bitcoin reaches the $1 million price target by 2030, a $100 investment would grow to $6,070, representing an impressive gain of 5,970%. The investment would yield an average annual return of 746.3% if the target is met (Benzinga, 2022). According to the latest report published by Kings Research, the global sports trading cards market was valued at USD 9.69 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach USD 20.48 billion by 2030, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.01% from 2023 to 2030. One key development driving this growth is the widespread acceptance of Bitcoin as a payment method for online sports trading card purchases. The increasing use of Bitcoin and other digital currencies as legal forms of payment is fueling market expansion (Newswire US, 2023). This study introduces digital currency, focusing on one of the digital currencies, Bitcoin, which is noteworthy for being the first cryptocurrency created as a form of e-gold. Unlike e-gold, Bitcoin is not backed by physical gold; its value is determined within the spot market. Bitcoin achieved significant success and created numerous millionaires, particularly during its peak in 2013 and 2014 (Silver, 2016). Ed Craven and Bijan Tehrani, the founders of Stake.com, built the world’s largest offshore crypto casino, generating $2.6 billion in revenue last year. Despite facing challenges due to the controversial nature of their business, they have become self-made billionaires, each worth an estimated $1.3 billion. They have used their fortunes to sponsor sports and teams (Graig, 2024). The study examines the importance of the stock market in relation to sports legislation and explores the current and future applications of digital currency within the sports business. This recent descriptive study utilized a literature review and data research analysis from various sources, including data, statistics, sports, academic articles, magazines, and editorials, to assess the impact of digital currency, particularly Bitcoin, on the rapidly growing global sports industry. The findings indicate that Bitcoin and other digital currencies have experienced significant increases in value over the past five years. Moreover, integrating digital currencies into sports business transactions could provide substantial financial benefits.

Descolarisation, précarité et risques sociaux : la réinsertion des jeunes filles par l’apprentissage en Côte d’Ivoire

Roseline Safié N’Da — Mon, 19 Jan 2026 12:29:47 +0000

Cet article examine les obstacles à la réinsertion socio-professionnelle des jeunes filles déscolarisées engagées dans des parcours d’apprentissage en Côte d’Ivoire, dans un contexte marqué par des inégalités éducatives et socio-économiques persistantes. Il s’inscrit dans une réflexion critique sur les politiques de formation professionnelle, souvent présentées comme des réponses efficaces à la précarité juvénile, mais dont les effets réels sur l’autonomisation des bénéficiaires restent discutables. L’objectif est d’évaluer dans quelle mesure l’apprentissage permet aux jeunes filles de construire une insertion durable ou contribue, au contraire, à la reproduction de situations de vulnérabilité.

L’étude repose sur une approche qualitative menée dans des centres de formation professionnelle situés à Abidjan, notamment dans les communes d’Abobo et de Yopougon. La collecte des données s’est appuyée sur des entretiens semi-directifs et des focus groups réalisés auprès de 150 acteurs, comprenant des jeunes filles en apprentissage, des encadreurs, des responsables de centres de formation et des parents. L’échantillonnage raisonné et la poursuite des entretiens jusqu’à saturation des données ont permis de saisir la diversité des trajectoires, des représentations et des contraintes qui structurent les parcours d’insertion.

Les résultats montrent que, malgré l’acquisition de compétences techniques, l’insertion socio-professionnelle demeure largement précaire. L’absence d’accompagnement après la formation, le manque de financement pour l’auto-emploi, la faiblesse du soutien familial et la précarité du marché du travail informel constituent des freins majeurs à l’autonomie économique. Face à ces contraintes, les jeunes filles développent des stratégies d’adaptation centrées sur des activités informelles et instables, offrant peu de perspectives de mobilité sociale.

En conclusion, l’article souligne que la réinsertion socio-professionnelle des jeunes filles déscolarisées ne peut se limiter à la formation professionnelle. Elle requiert une approche globale intégrant accompagnement durable, soutien familial et politiques publiques inclusives, afin de transformer l’apprentissage en un véritable levier d’autonomisation et de réduction des inégalités.

This article examines the obstacles to the socio-professional reintegration of out-of-school girls engaged in apprenticeship pathways in Côte d’Ivoire, within a context marked by persistent educational and socio-economic inequalities. It adopts a critical perspective on vocational training policies, which are often presented as effective responses to youth precarity, yet whose actual impact on beneficiaries’ empowerment remains open to debate. The objective is to assess the extent to which apprenticeship enables young girls to achieve sustainable socio-professional integration or, conversely, contributes to the reproduction of situations of vulnerability.

The study is based on a qualitative approach conducted in vocational training centers located in Abidjan, particularly in the communes of Abobo and Yopougon. Data collection relied on semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with 150 participants, including girls enrolled in apprenticeship programs, trainers, training center managers, and parents. A purposive sampling strategy and the continuation of interviews until data saturation allowed for an in-depth understanding of the diversity of trajectories, social representations, and constraints shaping pathways to integration.

The findings show that, despite the acquisition of technical skills, socio-professional integration remains largely precarious. The lack of post-training support, limited access to financing for self-employment, weak family support, and the precarious nature of the informal labor market constitute major barriers to economic autonomy. In response to these constraints, the girls develop coping strategies centered on informal and unstable activities, offering few prospects for upward social mobility.

In conclusion, the article highlights that the socio-professional reintegration of out-of-school girls cannot be reduced to vocational training alone. It requires a comprehensive approach that combines sustained support, strengthened family involvement, and inclusive public policies in order to transform apprenticeship into a genuine lever for empowerment and the reduction of inequalities.

Impact of Outdoor Adventure Education Programs on Long-Term Environmental Sustainability Behaviors Among Youths in Ondo State, Nigeria

Bola D.Ojo, Folusade C. Arowosafe — Mon, 19 Jan 2026 12:27:03 +0000

This study examined how outdoor adventure education (OAE) programs influence the development of long-term environmental sustainability behaviors among youth in Ondo State, Nigeria. Using a descriptive survey design and questionnaire-based data collection, the research examined four key OAE contexts: amusement park, recreation, sports, and tourism. The study revealed a significant positive relationship between participation in these programs and sustainability behaviors among youths. Mean ratings across contexts ranged from 2.76 to 3.04, indicating consistent agreement. Statistical analysis further showed significant correlations between OAE context: amusement park (r = .660), recreation (r = .515), sports (r=.832), tourism (r=.703), and long-term environmental sustainability behaviors among youths (p < .05). The findings recommended that environmental education should be built into all amusement park programs for young visitors in Nigeria. Policymakers should promote a combined approach by linking parks, sports, recreation, and tourism programs to a single youth environmental education framework.