Modelling and Optimizing the Removal of Methylene Blue by a Mixture of Titaniferous Sand and Attapulgite Using Complete Factorial Design

Kalidou  Ba; Alpha Ousmane  Toure; El Hadji Moussa  Diop; Falilou Mbacke  Sambe; Codou Guéye Mar  Diop

doi:10.19044/esj.2021.v17n40p88

Kalidou Ba Laboratory Water-Energy-Environnment-Industrials Processes Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP), Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar-Fann, Senegal
Alpha Ousmane Toure Laboratory Water-Energy-Environnment-Industrials Processes Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP), Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar-Fann, Senegal
El Hadji Moussa Diop Laboratory Water-Energy-Environnment-Industrials Processes Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP), Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar-Fann, Senegal
Falilou Mbacke Sambe Laboratory Water-Energy-Environnment-Industrials Processes Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP), Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar-Fann, Senegal
Codou Guéye Mar Diop Laboratory Water-Energy-Environnment-Industrials Processes Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP), Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar-Fann, Senegal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n40p88

Keywords: Factorial design, Adsorption, Methylene blue, Titanium sand

Abstract

This paper focuses on the removal of methylene blue by adsorption using a mixture of titaniferous sand and attapulgite. The different adsorbents were characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and their different parameters such as pH, zero charge potential, and specific surface area were determined. The experiments performed were optimized and modeled by a full 2-level and 4-factor design. The four factors are the ratio of titaniferous sand and attapulgite, the concentration of methylene blue, pH, and time. These vary from 4 to 19, 20 to 100 mg/L, 2 to 9, and 30 to 150 min respectively. The study of the effects of the different factors showed that the effect of methylene blue concentration and pH significantly influence the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of the dye. The optimum parameters (adsorbent ratio, adsorbate concentration, pH and time) obtained for the adsorption capacity through the desirability function are: 19, 100mg/L, 9 and 150min. Those obtained for the yield are: 4, 100mg/L, 9, 150min. The pseudo second order adsorption kinetics gave an equilibrium adsorption capacity qe (calculated) = 7.6863 mg/g which is almost equal to that obtained experimentally qe (exp) = 7.3562 mg/g. This shows that the pseudo second order kinetic model is the adequate mathematical model to describe the methylene blue adsorption phenomenon on the mixture of titaniferous sand and attapulgite. The thermodynamic study showed that the methylene blue adsorption reaction is exothermic, non-spontaneous, and the degree of disorder of the particles at the adsorbing surface decreases.

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