Acute and Subacute Toxic Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Petroselinum Crispum Mill. in Male and Female Wistar Rats
Keywords:
Petroselinum Crispum, Acute Toxicity, Subaigüe Toxicity
Abstract
The present study is part of a vast program of the valorization of the medicinal flora and to help the populations to make a real profit from the use of plants in order to avoid any problem of poisoning. Petroselinum crispum Mill. (Apiaceae) is a plant, whose therapeutic virtues are diverse. The toxicological aspect of the aqueous extract of Petroselinum crispum leaves in male and female rats was investigated. The acute toxicity study with the single dose of 5000 mg/Kg body weight shows that the aqueous extract from the leaves of Petroselinum crispum is not toxic orally. According to Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guideline 423, the oral LD50 for this extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. In addition, the sub-acute toxicity study (OECD 407) showed that the aqueous extract from the leaves of Petroselinum crispum did not show any toxic effects at doses 50,100 and 200 mg/kg body weight and would have an orexigenic effect after 28 days of treatment. The different histological sections showed that the aqueous extract of Petroselinum crispum is not toxic on the vital organs and appears to be hepatoprotective.
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References
References:
1. Abrar H.M., Manjusha S. & Mohd Y.M., 2013. An acute oral toxicity study of methanolic extract from Tridex procumbens in Sprague Dawley’s Rats as per OECD guidelines 423. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research. 3(1):16-20.
2. Affy M.E., Blahi A.N., Coulibaly F.A. & Kouakou K., 2018. Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity induced by methanol extract of Amaranthus viridis (Amaranthaceae) leaves in wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Journal of the Pharma Innovation, 7(7): 625-630.
3. Aghili M.H., Makhzan-al-Advia R.R., & Shams A.M.R., 2009. Farjadmand F, editors. Tehran: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, pp 329-330.
4. Agyare C., Appiah T., Boakye Y.D. & Apenteng J.A., 2017. Petroselinum crispum: a review. In Medicinal spices and vegetables from Africa. Academic Press pp 527-547.
5. Ajugwo A.O., Nwoké B., Ozims S.J., Eberendu I. & Nwibana B.K., 2017. Prevalence ofhbsag and haematological parameters among pregnant women attending a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Acta Scientific Nutritional health. 1(3): 55-60.
6. Al-Habori M., Al-Aghbari A., Al-Mamary M., & Baker M., 2002. Toxicological evaluation of Catha edulis leaves: a long-term animal feeding experiment. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 83(3): 209-217.
7. Allam A.A., Maodaa S.N., Abo-eleneen R. & Ajarem J., 2016. Protective Effect of Parsley Juice (Petroselinum crispum, Apiaceae) against Cadmium Deleterious Changes in the Developed Albino Mice Newborns ( Mus musculus ) Brain. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Article ID 2646840, 15p.
Allain C.C., Poom L.S., Chan C.S., Richmonal W.S. & Fu P.C., 1974. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clinical Chemistry, 20: 470-475.
9. Behtash N., Kargarzadeh F. & Shafaroudi H., 2008. Analgesic effects of seed extract from Petroselinum crispum (Tagetes minuta) in animal models. Toxicology Letters, 180 (5), S127-S128.
10. Blahi A.N., 2017. Effets pharmacologiques de l’extrait aqueux de feuilles Sarcocephalus latifolus (Smith) sur le système reproducteur des rats. Thèse de Doctorat en Biosciences. Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) 188p.
11. Bleu M.G., Kouakou K., Touré A. & Traoré F., 2011. Étude de la toxicité aigüe et subchronique de l’extrait aqueux de Passiflora foetida Linn (Passifloraceae) chez les rats et souris. International. Journal of Biology. Chemistry. Science. 5(5): 1777-1789.
12. Bleu G.M., 2013. Etude phytochimique, toxicologique et pharmacologique de Passiflora foetida Linn. (Passifloraceae), une plante utilisée dans le traitement de l’infertilité féminine. Thèse de Doctorat, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny Cocody-Abidjan 188p.
13. Blumenthal M., Goldberg A., & Brinckman J., 2000. Expanded Commission E Monographs, (Newton, Mass.: Integrative Medicine Communications). Herbal Medicine, pp. 218-20.
14. Chaves D.S.A., Frattani F.S., Assafim M., de Almeida A.P., Zingali R.B. & Costa S.S., 2011. Phenolic Chemical Composition of Petroselinum crispum Extract and Its Effect on Haemostasis. Natural Product Communications 6 (7) 961-964
15. Cheesbrough M. (1981). Medical laboratory manual for tropical countries (Vol. 1). M. Cheesbrough, 14 Bevills Close, Doddington, Cambridgeshire, PE15 OTT, 519 pp
16. Dufour D.R., Lott J.A., Nolte F.S., Gretch D.R., Koff R.S. & Seeff L.B., 2000. Diagnosis and monitoring of hepatic injury II. Recommandation for use of laboratory test in screening, diagnosis and monitoring. Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 46: 2050-2068.
17. Fakurazi S., Hiruszah I. & Nanthini U., 2008. Moringa oleifera lam prevents acetaminophen liver injury through restoration of glutathione level. Food and chemical toxicology. 46:2611-2615.
18. Gadi D., Bnouham M., Aziz M., Ziyyat A., Legssyer A., Bruel A., Berrabah M., Legrand C., Fauvel-Lafeve F. & Mekhfi H., 2012. Flavonoids purified from parsley inhibit human blood platelet aggregation and adhesion to collagen under flow. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, article 19. doi: 10.1515/1553-3840.
Hafidi K., 2014. Intoxications par les plantes et les produits de la pharmacopée traditionnelle chez l’enfant. Mémoire de Doctorat de médecine, Faculté de sciences et pharmacie, Universite Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fes, (Maroc) 124p.
20. Huijuan J., Awa W., Hanated M., Takahashid S., Saitoa K., Tanakab H., Tomitac M. & Kato H., 2014. Multi-faceted integrated omics analysis revealed parsley (Petroselinum crispum) as a novel dietary intervention in dextran sodium sulphate induced colitic mice Journal of Functional Foods, 11: 438-448.
21. Jain N.C., 1986. Schalm’s Veterinary haematology. 4th ed., Lea and Febber, Philadelphia, USA, 1221 pages.
22. Kouakou K.R. & Tahiri A., 2018. Phytochemical screening, acute and subacute toxicity of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) Lam 1885 on rats wistar. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 6(3) : 96-102.
23. Kouakou K.R., 2019.Toxicité et effets pharmacologiques de l’extrait total aqueux des feuilles de Moringa olifera (Moringacées) LAM 1785 sur le système reproducteur et le tissu osseux d’un modèle animal : Rattus norvegicus (Muridées) Souche Wistar. Thèse de Doctorat, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Cocody-Abidjan. 187p
24. Marin I., Sayas-Barberá E., Viuda-Martos M., Navarro C. & Sendra E., 2016. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Organic Fennel, Parsley, and Lavender from Spain. Foods, 1–10.
25. Montesano V., Negro D., Sarli G., De Lisi A., Laghetti G., & Hammer K., 2012. Notes about the uses of plants by one of the last healers in the Basilicata Region (South Italy). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicin, 8: 15
26. Newman D. & Cragg G.M., 2007. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25
27. years. Journal of Natural Product; 70: 461-477.
28. Nfambi J., Bbosa G.S., Sembajwe L.F., Gakunga J. & Kasolo J.N., 2015. Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera in Wistar albino rats. Joural of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 26(6): 603-611
29. Ogbonnia S., Adekunle A.A., Bosa M.K. & Enwuru V.N., 2008. Evaluation of acute and subcute toxicity of Alstonia congensis Engler (Apocinaceae) bark and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich (Annonaceae) fruits mixtures used in the treatment of diabetes. African. Journal Biotechnology, 7(6): 701-705
30. OCDE, 2001. Ligne directrice de l’OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques : Toxicité oraleaiguë -Méthode par classe de toxicité aiguë. OCDE 423.14p
31. OCDE, 2008. Étude de toxicité orale à dose répétée pendant 28 jours sur les rongeurs. In: ligne directrice de l’OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques. 2008; 14p.
32. OMS., 2002. Stategie de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) pour la médecine
33. traditionnelle pour 2002-2005. WHO/EDM/TRM: 77 p
34. Pieme C.A., Penlap V.N., Nkegoum B., Taziebou C.I., Tekwu E.M., Etoa F.X. & Ngongang J., 2006. Evaluation acute and subacute toxicities of aqueous ethanolic extract of leaves of senna alata (l.) Roxb (Ceasalpiniacéé). African Journal of Biotechnology, 5: 283-289.
35. Rhiouani H., El-hilaly J., Israili Z.H. & Lyoussi B., 2008. Acute and subchronic toxicity of an aqueous extract of the leaves of herniaria glabra in rodents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 118: 378-386.
36. Sallé J.L., 1991. « Le Totum en Phytothérapie » Approche de phytothérapie. Ed Frison-Roche. Paris 50p.
37. Sule O.J. & Arhoghro E.M., 2016. Hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycaemic effects of ethanolic extract Of Leaf of Moringa oleifera Lam. in high fat diet fed Wistar rats, Journal of Medical and Biological Science Research 2(6):109-113.
38. Tietz N.W., 2006. Clinical guide to loboratory test W.B. Saunders company, 4th edition, Philadelphia, USA, 1952 pages.
39. Tucker A.O. & DeBaggio O., 2009. Encyclopedia of herbs. Timber Press. Portland,
40. Oregon. Pp 393-394.
41. Verpoorte R., 2002. La pharmacognosie du nouveau millénaire: pistes et biotechnologies. Des sources du savoir aux médicaments du futur, 4° congrès européen d'ethnopharmacologie. IRD Edition, Paris, 274 p.
42. Yanardag R., Bolkent S., Tabakoglu-Oguz A. & Ozsoy-Sacan O., 2003. Effects of Petroselinum crispum extract on pancreatic B cells and blood glucose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 26(8): 1206-1210.
43. Yousofi A., Daneshmandi S., Soleimani N., Bagheri K., & Karimi M.H., 2012. Immunomodulatory effect of Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) essential oil on immune cells: mitogen-activated splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 34(2): 303-308.
44. Zirihi G.N., Kra A.M. & Guédé-Guina F., 2003. Évaluation de l’activité antifongique de Microglossa pyrifolia (LAMARCK) O. KUNZE (ASTERACEAE) <> sur la croissance in vitro de
Candida albicans’. Revue de Medicinal of Pharmacology African. 17:11-18.
45. Zougrou N.E., 2017. Evaluation des effets toxicologiques et pharmacologiques d’un extrait
46. Aqueux de cnestis ferruginea vahl ex dc. (connaraceae) sur le système reproducteur des rats mâle et femelle. Thèse de Doctorat en Biosciences. Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan, 226p.
1. Abrar H.M., Manjusha S. & Mohd Y.M., 2013. An acute oral toxicity study of methanolic extract from Tridex procumbens in Sprague Dawley’s Rats as per OECD guidelines 423. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research. 3(1):16-20.
2. Affy M.E., Blahi A.N., Coulibaly F.A. & Kouakou K., 2018. Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity induced by methanol extract of Amaranthus viridis (Amaranthaceae) leaves in wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Journal of the Pharma Innovation, 7(7): 625-630.
3. Aghili M.H., Makhzan-al-Advia R.R., & Shams A.M.R., 2009. Farjadmand F, editors. Tehran: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, pp 329-330.
4. Agyare C., Appiah T., Boakye Y.D. & Apenteng J.A., 2017. Petroselinum crispum: a review. In Medicinal spices and vegetables from Africa. Academic Press pp 527-547.
5. Ajugwo A.O., Nwoké B., Ozims S.J., Eberendu I. & Nwibana B.K., 2017. Prevalence ofhbsag and haematological parameters among pregnant women attending a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Acta Scientific Nutritional health. 1(3): 55-60.
6. Al-Habori M., Al-Aghbari A., Al-Mamary M., & Baker M., 2002. Toxicological evaluation of Catha edulis leaves: a long-term animal feeding experiment. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 83(3): 209-217.
7. Allam A.A., Maodaa S.N., Abo-eleneen R. & Ajarem J., 2016. Protective Effect of Parsley Juice (Petroselinum crispum, Apiaceae) against Cadmium Deleterious Changes in the Developed Albino Mice Newborns ( Mus musculus ) Brain. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Article ID 2646840, 15p.
Allain C.C., Poom L.S., Chan C.S., Richmonal W.S. & Fu P.C., 1974. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clinical Chemistry, 20: 470-475.
9. Behtash N., Kargarzadeh F. & Shafaroudi H., 2008. Analgesic effects of seed extract from Petroselinum crispum (Tagetes minuta) in animal models. Toxicology Letters, 180 (5), S127-S128.
10. Blahi A.N., 2017. Effets pharmacologiques de l’extrait aqueux de feuilles Sarcocephalus latifolus (Smith) sur le système reproducteur des rats. Thèse de Doctorat en Biosciences. Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) 188p.
11. Bleu M.G., Kouakou K., Touré A. & Traoré F., 2011. Étude de la toxicité aigüe et subchronique de l’extrait aqueux de Passiflora foetida Linn (Passifloraceae) chez les rats et souris. International. Journal of Biology. Chemistry. Science. 5(5): 1777-1789.
12. Bleu G.M., 2013. Etude phytochimique, toxicologique et pharmacologique de Passiflora foetida Linn. (Passifloraceae), une plante utilisée dans le traitement de l’infertilité féminine. Thèse de Doctorat, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny Cocody-Abidjan 188p.
13. Blumenthal M., Goldberg A., & Brinckman J., 2000. Expanded Commission E Monographs, (Newton, Mass.: Integrative Medicine Communications). Herbal Medicine, pp. 218-20.
14. Chaves D.S.A., Frattani F.S., Assafim M., de Almeida A.P., Zingali R.B. & Costa S.S., 2011. Phenolic Chemical Composition of Petroselinum crispum Extract and Its Effect on Haemostasis. Natural Product Communications 6 (7) 961-964
15. Cheesbrough M. (1981). Medical laboratory manual for tropical countries (Vol. 1). M. Cheesbrough, 14 Bevills Close, Doddington, Cambridgeshire, PE15 OTT, 519 pp
16. Dufour D.R., Lott J.A., Nolte F.S., Gretch D.R., Koff R.S. & Seeff L.B., 2000. Diagnosis and monitoring of hepatic injury II. Recommandation for use of laboratory test in screening, diagnosis and monitoring. Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 46: 2050-2068.
17. Fakurazi S., Hiruszah I. & Nanthini U., 2008. Moringa oleifera lam prevents acetaminophen liver injury through restoration of glutathione level. Food and chemical toxicology. 46:2611-2615.
18. Gadi D., Bnouham M., Aziz M., Ziyyat A., Legssyer A., Bruel A., Berrabah M., Legrand C., Fauvel-Lafeve F. & Mekhfi H., 2012. Flavonoids purified from parsley inhibit human blood platelet aggregation and adhesion to collagen under flow. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, article 19. doi: 10.1515/1553-3840.
Hafidi K., 2014. Intoxications par les plantes et les produits de la pharmacopée traditionnelle chez l’enfant. Mémoire de Doctorat de médecine, Faculté de sciences et pharmacie, Universite Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fes, (Maroc) 124p.
20. Huijuan J., Awa W., Hanated M., Takahashid S., Saitoa K., Tanakab H., Tomitac M. & Kato H., 2014. Multi-faceted integrated omics analysis revealed parsley (Petroselinum crispum) as a novel dietary intervention in dextran sodium sulphate induced colitic mice Journal of Functional Foods, 11: 438-448.
21. Jain N.C., 1986. Schalm’s Veterinary haematology. 4th ed., Lea and Febber, Philadelphia, USA, 1221 pages.
22. Kouakou K.R. & Tahiri A., 2018. Phytochemical screening, acute and subacute toxicity of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) Lam 1885 on rats wistar. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 6(3) : 96-102.
23. Kouakou K.R., 2019.Toxicité et effets pharmacologiques de l’extrait total aqueux des feuilles de Moringa olifera (Moringacées) LAM 1785 sur le système reproducteur et le tissu osseux d’un modèle animal : Rattus norvegicus (Muridées) Souche Wistar. Thèse de Doctorat, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Cocody-Abidjan. 187p
24. Marin I., Sayas-Barberá E., Viuda-Martos M., Navarro C. & Sendra E., 2016. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Organic Fennel, Parsley, and Lavender from Spain. Foods, 1–10.
25. Montesano V., Negro D., Sarli G., De Lisi A., Laghetti G., & Hammer K., 2012. Notes about the uses of plants by one of the last healers in the Basilicata Region (South Italy). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicin, 8: 15
26. Newman D. & Cragg G.M., 2007. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25
27. years. Journal of Natural Product; 70: 461-477.
28. Nfambi J., Bbosa G.S., Sembajwe L.F., Gakunga J. & Kasolo J.N., 2015. Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera in Wistar albino rats. Joural of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 26(6): 603-611
29. Ogbonnia S., Adekunle A.A., Bosa M.K. & Enwuru V.N., 2008. Evaluation of acute and subcute toxicity of Alstonia congensis Engler (Apocinaceae) bark and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich (Annonaceae) fruits mixtures used in the treatment of diabetes. African. Journal Biotechnology, 7(6): 701-705
30. OCDE, 2001. Ligne directrice de l’OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques : Toxicité oraleaiguë -Méthode par classe de toxicité aiguë. OCDE 423.14p
31. OCDE, 2008. Étude de toxicité orale à dose répétée pendant 28 jours sur les rongeurs. In: ligne directrice de l’OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques. 2008; 14p.
32. OMS., 2002. Stategie de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) pour la médecine
33. traditionnelle pour 2002-2005. WHO/EDM/TRM: 77 p
34. Pieme C.A., Penlap V.N., Nkegoum B., Taziebou C.I., Tekwu E.M., Etoa F.X. & Ngongang J., 2006. Evaluation acute and subacute toxicities of aqueous ethanolic extract of leaves of senna alata (l.) Roxb (Ceasalpiniacéé). African Journal of Biotechnology, 5: 283-289.
35. Rhiouani H., El-hilaly J., Israili Z.H. & Lyoussi B., 2008. Acute and subchronic toxicity of an aqueous extract of the leaves of herniaria glabra in rodents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 118: 378-386.
36. Sallé J.L., 1991. « Le Totum en Phytothérapie » Approche de phytothérapie. Ed Frison-Roche. Paris 50p.
37. Sule O.J. & Arhoghro E.M., 2016. Hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycaemic effects of ethanolic extract Of Leaf of Moringa oleifera Lam. in high fat diet fed Wistar rats, Journal of Medical and Biological Science Research 2(6):109-113.
38. Tietz N.W., 2006. Clinical guide to loboratory test W.B. Saunders company, 4th edition, Philadelphia, USA, 1952 pages.
39. Tucker A.O. & DeBaggio O., 2009. Encyclopedia of herbs. Timber Press. Portland,
40. Oregon. Pp 393-394.
41. Verpoorte R., 2002. La pharmacognosie du nouveau millénaire: pistes et biotechnologies. Des sources du savoir aux médicaments du futur, 4° congrès européen d'ethnopharmacologie. IRD Edition, Paris, 274 p.
42. Yanardag R., Bolkent S., Tabakoglu-Oguz A. & Ozsoy-Sacan O., 2003. Effects of Petroselinum crispum extract on pancreatic B cells and blood glucose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 26(8): 1206-1210.
43. Yousofi A., Daneshmandi S., Soleimani N., Bagheri K., & Karimi M.H., 2012. Immunomodulatory effect of Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) essential oil on immune cells: mitogen-activated splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 34(2): 303-308.
44. Zirihi G.N., Kra A.M. & Guédé-Guina F., 2003. Évaluation de l’activité antifongique de Microglossa pyrifolia (LAMARCK) O. KUNZE (ASTERACEAE) <
Candida albicans’. Revue de Medicinal of Pharmacology African. 17:11-18.
45. Zougrou N.E., 2017. Evaluation des effets toxicologiques et pharmacologiques d’un extrait
46. Aqueux de cnestis ferruginea vahl ex dc. (connaraceae) sur le système reproducteur des rats mâle et femelle. Thèse de Doctorat en Biosciences. Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan, 226p.
Published
2021-11-30
How to Cite
Jacques, K. K. J., Nadia, B. A., Roger, K. K., Seraphin, D. Y., Martin, S. Y., & Annick, T. (2021). Acute and Subacute Toxic Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Petroselinum Crispum Mill. in Male and Female Wistar Rats. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 17(40), 178. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n40p178
Section
ESJ Natural/Life/Medical Sciences
Copyright (c) 2021 Kablan Kassi Jean Jacques, Blahi Adelaïde Nadia,, Kouakou Koffi Roger, Diby Yao Seraphin, Siapo Yao Martin, Tahiri Annick
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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