Paleoenvironments and Hydrocarbon Potential of Upper Cretaceous Shales in Agbabu-1 Well, Dahomey Basin – Insight from Geochemistry and Foraminifera Paleontology
Keywords:
petroleum resource
Abstract
Upper Cretaceous shales partially exposed in the northern fringes of the Dahomey Basin are well developed in the subsurface in Southwestern part of the basin where Agbau-1 well is sited. These shales were evaluated in respect to their paleoenvironments and potentials for hydrocarbon using foraminiferal assemblages, biomarkers and Rock Eval pyrolysis studies. The dominance of benthonic foraminifera species suggests a shallow marine environment and high percentage of calcareous to arenaceous benthic www.eujournal.org 195
foraminifera indicate high water salinity and hypersline environment. Dysoxic oxygen condition is also prevalent probably because most of the benthic foraminifera recovered are epifauna that live in a reduced oxygen condition. 1.90 wt%, 244 mgHC/gTOC and 429℃ average values of total organic carbon, hydrogen index and Tmax reveal that the Upper Cretaceous shales have relatively fair to good organic matter, predominantly Type II-III kerogen and currently immature. Though three is a trend of an increase in maturity down the hole. All the steranes have uniform distributions (C27>C28>C29), suggesting a relatively higher input from the marine red algae and a low level of land plant contribution to the source organic matter. Pristane/phytane ratios and C29/C27 steranes confirmed the organic matter type to be a Type II/III and anoxic source rock depositional condition as well as a reducing diagenetic system in the sediment water column. The Upper Cretaceous shales in Dahomey Basin can be targeted for exploration as an unconventional petroleum resource.
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References
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31. Jacobson, S. R., Hatch, J. R. and S.C, T. (1988). Middle Ordovician organic matter assemblages and their effect on Ordovician - derived oils. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 72, 1090-100.
32. Jan Du Chene, R. E (1977). "Some new pollen species of the upper Maastrichtian, Tar Sand, Abeokuta formation, southern Nigeria." Revista Espanola De Micropaleontologia 9. 2: 191-201.
33. Kaiho, K. (1999). Global climatic forcing of deep-sea benthic foraminiferal test size during the past 120 m.y. Geology, 26 (6), 491–494.
34. Kingston, D. R., Dishroon, C. P. and P. A. Williams. (1983) "Hydrocarbon plays and global basin classification." AAPG Bulletin 67.12 2194-2198.
35. Klemme, H.D., (1975) Geothermal Gradients, Heat flow and Hydrocarbon Recovery. In: A.G. Fischer and S. Judson (eds), Petroleum and Global Tectonics. Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton Univ. Press, pp. 251- 304
36. Kogbe, C. A (1974). "The upper Cretaceous Abeokuta formation of south-western Nigeria." Nigerian Field 4, 47.
37. Langford, F. F., and Blanc-Valleron, M-M. (1990). "Interpreting Rock-Eval pyrolysis data using graphs of pyrolyzable hydrocarbons vs. total organic carbon (1)." AAPG Bulletin 74.6 (1990): 799-804.
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40. Mpanda, S. (1997). Geological development of East African coastal basin of Tanzania: Acta Universities Stockholmiensis, v. 45, 121p.
41. Murray, J.W. and Wright, C.A. (1974). Palaeogene Foraminiferida and palaeoecology, Hampshire and Paris Basins and the English Channel. The Palaeontological Association, London, 14:1-171
42. Ogbe, F. G. A (1970). "Stratigraphy and paleontology of strata exposed in the Ewekoro quarry, Western Nigeria." Unpublished M. Phil. Dissertation, University of Ife, IIe-Ife, Nigeria (1970): 1-110.
43. Okosun, E. A (1990). "A review of the Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Dahomey Embayment, West Africa." Cretaceous Research 11.1 (1990): 17-27.
44. Omatsola, M., and Adegoke, O. S., (1981). Tectonic evolution and Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Dahomey Basin: Journal of Mining and Geology, v. 18, no. 1, p. 130-137.
45. Peters K.E. (1986). Guidelines for evaluating petroleum source rock using programmed pyrolysis: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 70, pp. 318-329.
46. Peters, K. E., and Cassa, M. R. (1994). Applied source rock geochemistry: Chapter 5: Part II. Essential elements. The Petroleum System – From Source to Trap, AAPG Memoir 60 (1994) 93 – 120.
47. Peters, K.E., Walters, C.C. and Moldowan, J.M. (2005). The Biomarker Guide. Cambridge University Press. 2nd Edition. Volume 1, p. 79.
48. Rohmer, M., Kokke, W.C.M.C., Fenical, W. and Djerassi, C. (1980). Isolation of two new C30 sterols, (24E)-24-n-propylidenecholesterol and 24(E)-24-n-proprylcholesterol from a cultured marine chrysophyte. Steroids. 35, 219-231.
49. Scalan, R. S. and Smith, J. E. (1970). An improved measure of the odd-to-even predominance in the normal alkanes of sediments extracts and petroleum. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 34, 611-620.
50. Storey, B. C. (1995). The role of mantle plumes in continental break up: case history from Gondwanaland – Nature, v. 377, p. 301-308.
51. Tissot, B. P., and Welte. D. H. (1984). "Petroleum Formation and Occurrence, 2nd edn, 699 pp."
52. Volkman J.K. and Maxwell, J.R (1986). Acyclic isoprenoids as biological markers. In Biological markers in sedimentary record: R.B. Johns (ed), Elsevier, New York, p. 1-42.
53. Waples, D.W., (1985). Geochemistry in Petroleum Exploration: Boston, International Human Resources Development Corporation, 232 p.
2. Adegoke, O. S. (1969). Eocene stratigraphy of southern Nigeria." Colloque sur l’Eocene. Vol. 3.
3. Adegoke, O. S. (1977). Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Ewekoro Formation (Paleocene) of southwestern Nigeria. Paleontological Research Institution.
4. Adegoke, O. S., Jeje, L. K., Durotoye, B., Adeleye, D. R., and Ebukanson, E. E. (1980). The Geomorphology and aspects of sedimentology of coastal region of Western Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology, 17, 217-223.
5. Adekeye, O. A., Gebhardt, H., Akande, S. O., Adeoye, J. A., Abdulkadir, I. A., (2019). Biostratigraphic Analysis of the Cretaceous Abeokuta Group in the Eastern Dahomey Basin, Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences 169 103887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2020.103887.
6. Adekeye, O.A and Akande, S.O. (2010). The principal source rocks for petroleum generation in the Dahomey Basin, Southwestern Nigeria. Continental J. Earth sciences 5(1): 42-55
7. Adekeye, O.A. (2005). Aspects of sedimentology, geochemistry and hydrocarbon potentials of Cretaceous-Tertiary sediments in the Dahomey Basin, south-western Nigeria. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Ilorin, 202p.
8. Adekeye, O. A., Akande, S. O., Erdtmann, B.D., Samuel, O. J. and Hetenyi, M. (2006). Hydrocarbon Potential Assessment of the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary Sequence in the Dahomey Basin Southwestern Nigeria. NAPE Bulletin. v. 19 No 1, p.50-60.
9. Adeoye, J. A., Akande S. O., Adekeye, O. A., Sonibare W. A., Ondrak R., Dominik W., Erdtmann B. D. and Neeka J. (2020). Source Rock Maturity and Petroleum Generation in the Dahomey Basin SW Nigeria: Insights from Geologic and Geochemical Modelling. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 195 (2020) 107844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107844.
10. Ako, B. D., O. S. Adegoke, and S. W. Petters (1980). "Stratigraphy of the Oshosun formation in southwestern Nigeria." Jour. Min. Geol 17: 9-106.
11. Beicip-Franlab (1994). Etude Géologique et Evaluation des Réserves du Champ de Sèmè, Rapports Vol. I, 157 p. et Vol. II, 128 p.
12. Bernhard, J. M., (1986), Characteristic assemblages and morphologies of benthic foraminifera from anoxic, organic rich deposits: Jurassic through Holocene. Journal of Foraminifera Research v. 16, p. 207 – 215.
13. Billman, H.G., (1976). Offshore stratigraphy and paleontology of the Dahomey embayment. Proceedings of the 7th African Micropaleontological Colloquium, March 16-28, 1976, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, pp: 27-42.
14. Bray, E.E. & Evans, E.D. (1961). Distribution of n-paraffins as a clue to recognition of source beds. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 22, 2-5.
15. Brownfield M.E., Charpentier R.R. (2006). Geology and total petroleum systems of the West-Central Coastal Province (7203), West Africa, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2207-C, 52 p.
16. Burke K., Dessauvagie T.F.J., Whitman A.J. (1971). Opening of the Golf Gulf of Guinea and geological history of the Benue depression and Niger delta, Nature Phys. Sci. 233, 38, 51-55.
17. Clementz, D. M., Demaison, G. J., and Daly, A. R. (1979). Well site geochemistry by programmed pyrolysis. In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference.
18. Didyk, B. M., Simoneit, B. R. T., Brassell, S. C. and Englinton, G. (1978). Organic geochemical indicators of paleoenvironmental conditions of sedimentation. Nature, 272, 216-222.
19. Ekweozor, C. M., and Udo O. T. (1988). The oleananes: Origin, maturation, and limits of occurrence in Southern Nigeria sedimentary basins, In L. Mattavelli, and L. Novelli, (editors), Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1987, Organic Geochemistry, 13, Pergamon Press, p. 131-140.
20. Ekweozor, C. M., and Telnaes. N. (1990). Oleanane parameter: verification by quantitative study of the biomarker occurrence in sediments of the Niger delta. Organic Geochemistry 16.1-3 401-413.
21. Ekweozor, C.M., and Nwachukwu, J. L., (1989). The origin of tar sands of SouthWestern Nigeria. N.A.P.E. Bull. Vol.4 No 2, pp 82-84.
22. Elvsborg, A., and J. Dalode (1985). Benin hydrocarbon potential looks promising. OIL & GAS JOURNAL 83. 6: 126.
23. Enu, E. I. (1987). The Paleoenvironments of deposition of Late Maastrichtian to Paleocene black shales in eastern Dahomey Basin. Nigeria Geog. Mijnbouw, 66: 15–20
24. Espitalie, J., Madec, M., Tissot, B., Menning, J. J., and Leplat, P. (1977). Source rock characterization method for petroleum exploration. In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference.
25. Gebhardt, H., (1998). Benthic Foraminifera from the Maastrichtian Lower Mamu Formation near Leru (Southwestern Nigeria): Paleoecology and Paleogeographic Significance. Department of geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin Journal of Foraminifera Research, v. 28, no. 1, p. 76 – 89, January 1998.
26. Gebhardt, H., (2004). Planktonic Foraminifera of the Nkalagu Formation Type Locality (southern Nigeria, Cenomanian to Coniacian): biostratigraphy and Paleoenvironmental Interpretation. Cretaceous Research. v. 25, issue 2, p. 191 – 209 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2003.11.003
27. Goodwin, T. W. (1973). Comparative Biochemistry of Sterols in eukaryotic Microorganisms, In J. A. Erwin, (editor) Lipids and biomembranes of eukaryotic microorganisms. New York, Academic Press, p. 1-40.
28. Hessouh M., Marcos I., Pereira J. J., Farhangui H.J. (1994). Hydrocarbon Prospects for Exploration and Production, Report, 88 p.
29. Hunt, J. M. (1996). Petroleum geochemistry and geology (Vol. 2, pp. 1-743). New York: WH Freeman.
30. Idowu, J. O., Ajiboye, S. A., Ilesanmi, M. A. and Tanimola, A. (1993). Origin and significance of organic matter of Oshosun Formation south-western Dahomey Basin Nigeria. Jour. Min. Geol. v. 29, p. 9-17.
31. Jacobson, S. R., Hatch, J. R. and S.C, T. (1988). Middle Ordovician organic matter assemblages and their effect on Ordovician - derived oils. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 72, 1090-100.
32. Jan Du Chene, R. E (1977). "Some new pollen species of the upper Maastrichtian, Tar Sand, Abeokuta formation, southern Nigeria." Revista Espanola De Micropaleontologia 9. 2: 191-201.
33. Kaiho, K. (1999). Global climatic forcing of deep-sea benthic foraminiferal test size during the past 120 m.y. Geology, 26 (6), 491–494.
34. Kingston, D. R., Dishroon, C. P. and P. A. Williams. (1983) "Hydrocarbon plays and global basin classification." AAPG Bulletin 67.12 2194-2198.
35. Klemme, H.D., (1975) Geothermal Gradients, Heat flow and Hydrocarbon Recovery. In: A.G. Fischer and S. Judson (eds), Petroleum and Global Tectonics. Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton Univ. Press, pp. 251- 304
36. Kogbe, C. A (1974). "The upper Cretaceous Abeokuta formation of south-western Nigeria." Nigerian Field 4, 47.
37. Langford, F. F., and Blanc-Valleron, M-M. (1990). "Interpreting Rock-Eval pyrolysis data using graphs of pyrolyzable hydrocarbons vs. total organic carbon (1)." AAPG Bulletin 74.6 (1990): 799-804.
38. Moldowan, J. M., Seifert, W. K. and Gallegos, E. J. (1985). Relationship between petroleum composition and depositional environment of petroleum source rocks. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 69, 1255-1268.
39. Moldowan, J.M., Huizinga, B.J., Dahl, J.E., Fago, F.J., Taylor, D.W. & Hickey, L.J. (1994). The molecular fossil record of oleanane and its relationship to angiosperms. Science, 265, 768-771.
40. Mpanda, S. (1997). Geological development of East African coastal basin of Tanzania: Acta Universities Stockholmiensis, v. 45, 121p.
41. Murray, J.W. and Wright, C.A. (1974). Palaeogene Foraminiferida and palaeoecology, Hampshire and Paris Basins and the English Channel. The Palaeontological Association, London, 14:1-171
42. Ogbe, F. G. A (1970). "Stratigraphy and paleontology of strata exposed in the Ewekoro quarry, Western Nigeria." Unpublished M. Phil. Dissertation, University of Ife, IIe-Ife, Nigeria (1970): 1-110.
43. Okosun, E. A (1990). "A review of the Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Dahomey Embayment, West Africa." Cretaceous Research 11.1 (1990): 17-27.
44. Omatsola, M., and Adegoke, O. S., (1981). Tectonic evolution and Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Dahomey Basin: Journal of Mining and Geology, v. 18, no. 1, p. 130-137.
45. Peters K.E. (1986). Guidelines for evaluating petroleum source rock using programmed pyrolysis: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 70, pp. 318-329.
46. Peters, K. E., and Cassa, M. R. (1994). Applied source rock geochemistry: Chapter 5: Part II. Essential elements. The Petroleum System – From Source to Trap, AAPG Memoir 60 (1994) 93 – 120.
47. Peters, K.E., Walters, C.C. and Moldowan, J.M. (2005). The Biomarker Guide. Cambridge University Press. 2nd Edition. Volume 1, p. 79.
48. Rohmer, M., Kokke, W.C.M.C., Fenical, W. and Djerassi, C. (1980). Isolation of two new C30 sterols, (24E)-24-n-propylidenecholesterol and 24(E)-24-n-proprylcholesterol from a cultured marine chrysophyte. Steroids. 35, 219-231.
49. Scalan, R. S. and Smith, J. E. (1970). An improved measure of the odd-to-even predominance in the normal alkanes of sediments extracts and petroleum. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 34, 611-620.
50. Storey, B. C. (1995). The role of mantle plumes in continental break up: case history from Gondwanaland – Nature, v. 377, p. 301-308.
51. Tissot, B. P., and Welte. D. H. (1984). "Petroleum Formation and Occurrence, 2nd edn, 699 pp."
52. Volkman J.K. and Maxwell, J.R (1986). Acyclic isoprenoids as biological markers. In Biological markers in sedimentary record: R.B. Johns (ed), Elsevier, New York, p. 1-42.
53. Waples, D.W., (1985). Geochemistry in Petroleum Exploration: Boston, International Human Resources Development Corporation, 232 p.
Published
2021-12-31
How to Cite
Adeleye, A. O., Olumide, O., Adejimi, A. J., Adedoyin, A., Olukayode, S., & Olusegun, A. S. (2021). Paleoenvironments and Hydrocarbon Potential of Upper Cretaceous Shales in Agbabu-1 Well, Dahomey Basin – Insight from Geochemistry and Foraminifera Paleontology. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 17(43), 194. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n43p194
Section
ESJ Natural/Life/Medical Sciences
Copyright (c) 2021 Adekeye Olabisi Adeleye, Ogundipe Olumide, Adeoye James Adejimi, Adeyilola Adedoyin, Samuel Olukayode, Akande Samuel Olusegun
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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