Knowledge Sharing, Individualism, Collectivism, and Organizational Innovative Behaviour in Public Health Organizations
Keywords:
Individualism, Collectivism, Organizational-Based Knowledge Sharing
Abstract
This paper focuses on investigating the more innovative employees, i.e., individualists or collectivists, in the public sector when it comes to knowledge sharing and organizational culture. The study adopted quantitative research technique and data was collected through an online survey. A field study was conducted and data was obtained from 480 employees working in Pakistan's two major public health institutions so as to test the study's hypotheses. A hierarchical linear regression model was used to test the hypotheses. The results show that there is a significant positive influence of organizational-based knowledge sharing, individual-based knowledge sharing, collectivism, and individualism on organizational innovative behaviour in the organizations. This study also found a significant positive impact of collectivism and individualism as moderators on organizational innovative behaviours. The study further concluded that collectivism has a higher positive impact on organizational innovative behaviour in comparison to individualism.
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References
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30. Jiang, X., Flores, H.R., & Leelawong, R. (2016). “The effect of team empowerment on team performance: a cross-cultural perspective on the mediating roles of knowledge sharing and intra-group conflict”, International Journal of Conflict Management.
31. Kaasa, A. & Vadi, M. (2010). How does culture contribute to innovation? Evidence from European countries. Economics of innovation and new technology, 19(7), 583-604.
32. Kasharia, Z. & Taheri, F. (2019). The Role of Knowledge Sharing in Organizational Performance. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 62(1), 30-38
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35. Killingsworth, B., Xue, Y., & Liu, Y. (2016). Factors influencing knowledge sharing among global virtual teams. Team Performance Management.
36. Kim, S. S. (2019). The effect of social contexts and formation of individualism–collectivism orientation on knowledge sharing intention: the case of workers in Korea. Journal of Knowledge Management.
37. Kremer, H. & Villamor, I. (2018). Innovation leadership: Best-practice recommendations for promoting employee creativity, voice, and knowledge sharing. Business Horizons,62.
38. Li, Z.B. & Chen, H. (2015). “The impact of Supervisor-Subordinate Guanxi on employees’ knowledge sharing behavior: the role of organizational identification and collectivism orientation”, Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management (China).
39. Liu, L.L., Du, R., & Ai, S.Z. (2016). Impact of culture on the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovative behaviour in IT services industry. Chinese Journal of Management Science, Vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 159-166.
40. Markus, H. & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224–253.
41. Mesmer, M., Jessica & Dechurch, L. (2009). Information Sharing and Team Performance: A Meta-Analysis. The Journal of applied psychology, 94. 535-46.
42. Nadason, S., Ram Al Jaffri, S., & Ahmi, A. (2017). Knowledge Sharing and Barriers in Organizations: A Conceptual Paper on Knowledge-Management Strategy. Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance.
43. Ndubisi, N. O. & Iftikhar, K. (2012). Relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and performance. Journal of Research in Marketing and entrepreneurship.
44. Nguyen, T. M. (2020). Four-dimensional model: a literature review in online organisational knowledge sharing. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems.
45. Obeidat, B. Y., Al-Suradi, M. M., & Tarhini, A. (2016). The impact of knowledge management on innovation: An empirical study on Jordanian consultancy firms. Management Research Review
46. Park, S. & Kim, E. J. (2018). Fostering organizational learning through leadership and knowledge sharing. Journal of Knowledge Management.
47. Paulin, Dan & Suneson, Kaj (2012). Knowledge Transfer, Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Barriers – Three Blurry Terms in KM. Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, 10. 82-92.
48. Pian, Q. Y., Jin, H., & Li, H. (2019). Linking knowledge sharing to innovative behaviour: the moderating role of collectivism. Journal of Knowledge Management.
49. Realo, A., Koido, K., Ceulemans, E., & Allik, J. (2002). Three components of individualism. European Journal of Personality, 16(3), 163–184.
50. Salman, R., Arshad, D., & Abu Bakar, L. J. (2016). Factors contributing to SMEs innovative culture in Punjab, Pakistan: a pilot study. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(8), 54-64.
51. San Ong, T., Magsi, H. B., & Burgess, T. F. (2019). Organisational culture, environmental management control systems, environmental performance of Pakistani manufacturing industry. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.
52. Shahzad, F., Xiu, G., & Shahbaz, M. (2017). Organizational culture and innovation performance in Pakistan's software industry. Technology in Society, 51, 66-73.
53. Teixeira, E. K., Oliveira, M., & Curado, C. (2019). Linking knowledge management processes to innovation. Management Research Review.
54. Tian, M., Deng, P., Zhang, Y., & Salmador, M. P. (2018). How does culture influence innovation? A systematic literature review. Management Decision.
55. Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and Collectivism: New Directions in Social Psychology. Boulder, CO.
56. Triandis, H.C. (1996). “The psychological measurement of cultural syndromes”, American Psychologist.
57. Triandis, H.C. & Gelfand, M.J. (2012). A theory of individualism and collectivism, in Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology, Vol., Sage Publications
58. Tipu, S. A. & Ryan, J. (2012). Transformational leadership in Pakistan: an examination of the impact of transformational leadership on organizational culture and innovation propensity. Journal of Management & Organization, 18(4).
59. Van Hooft, E. A. & De Jong, M. (2009). Predicting job seeking for temporary employment using the theory of planned behaviour: The moderating role of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82(2), 295-316.
60. Xie, H. F. & Ma, Q. G. (2007). The influence of organizational atmosphere on employee informal knowledge sharing. Studies in Science of Science, 25, 306-311.
61. Yang, Z., Zhou, X., & Zhang, P. (2015). Discipline versus passion: Collectivism, centralization, and ambidextrous innovation. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 32(3), 745-769.
2. Akhavan, P. & Hosseini, M.S. (2016). Social capital, knowledge sharing, and innovation capability: an empirical study of R&D teams in Iran. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 28(1), 96-113.
3. Akhavan, P., Hosseini, S. M., Abbasi, M., & Manteghi, M. (2015). Knowledge-sharing determinants, behaviours, and innovative work behaviours. Aslib journal of information management.
4. Alavi, M., Kayworth, T., & Leidner, D. (2006). An Empirical Examination of the Influence of Organizational Culture on Knowledge Management Practices. Journal of Management Information Systems, 22. 191-224.
5. Alawi, A., Al-Marzooqi, N.Y., & Mohammed, Y.F. (2007). Organizational culture and knowledge sharing: critical success factors. Journal of Knowledge Management, 11, 22-42.
6. Aljuwaiber, A. (2016). Communities of practice as an initiative for knowledge sharing in business organisations: a literature review. Journal of Knowledge Management.
7. Bao, G., Zhang, Z., & Chen, J. (2015). The mediation of in-group identification between collectivism and knowledge sharing. Innovation, 17(3), 341-363.
8. Berry, J. W., Segall, M. H., & Kagitcibasi, C. (1997). Handbook of Cross‐Cultural Psychology: Social Behavior and Application, Vol. 3.
9. Blanca, M. J., Arnau, J., López-Montiel, D., Bono, R., & Bendayan, R. (2013). Skewness and kurtosis in real data samples. Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 9(2), 78–84.
10. Bilginoğlu, E. (2018). Knowledge Hoarding: A Literature Review. Management Science Letters, 9.
11. Bradley, F., Gao, Y., & Sousa, C. M. (2013). A natural science approach to investigate cross-cultural managerial creativity. International Business Review, 22(5), 839-855.
12. Castaneda, D. & Cuellar, S. (2020). Knowledge sharing and innovation: A systematic review. Knowledge and Process Management, 27.
13. Chen, S., Zhang, G., Zhang, A., & Xu, J. (2016). Collectivism-oriented human resource management and innovation performance: An examination of team reflexivity and team psychological safety. Journal of Management and Organization, 22(4), 535.
14. Darroch, J. & McNaughton, R. (2002). Examining the Link between Knowledge Management Practices and Type of Innovation. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 3,210-222.
15. Desmarchelier, B. & Fang, E. S. (2016). National culture and innovation diffusion. Exploratory insights from agent-based modeling. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 105, 121-128.
16. Engelen, A., Schmidt, S., Strenger, L., & Brettel, M. (2014). Top management's transformational leader behaviours and innovation orientation: A cross-cultural perspective in eight countries. Journal of International Management, 20(2), 124-136.
17. Erez, M. & Nouri, R. (2010). Creativity: The influence of cultural, social, and work contexts. Management and Organization Review, 6(3), 351-370.
18. Fan, Y., Zhang, K.Q., & Yan, L. (2014), “Impact of organizational culture sociability and solidarity on employee silence: the moderation of employee’s collectivism”, Chinese Journal of Management.
19. Gelfand, M.J., Bhawuk, D.P.S., Nishii, L.H. & Bechtold, D.J. (2004) Individualism and collectivism, in Culture, Leadership and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Sage Publications.
20. Gilson, L., Hyoun S., & Choi, J. (2013). Unpacking the cross-level effects of tenure diversity, explicit knowledge, and knowledge sharing on individual creativity. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,86.
21. Griffith, D. A. & Rubera, G. (2014). A cross-cultural investigation of new product strategies for technological and design innovations. Journal of International Marketing, 22(1), 5-20.
22. Hair, J. F. (2009). Multivariate data analysis. A Global Perspective. 7th (Ed.), Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
23. Hassan, M., Shaukat, S., Shakeel, M., & Imran, M. (2012). Interrelations between organizational culture, Innovation and employee performance: Evidence from banking sector of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 32(2), 339-355.
24. Haq, A.M. & Anwar, S. (2016). A systematic review of knowledge management and knowledge sharing: Trends, issues, and challenges. Cogent Business & Management, 3(1), 1127744.
25. He, H., Peng, J., & Yuan, Y. (2009). Research among relationship between perceived organizational support, the ways of knowledge sharing behaviour and sharing effectiveness. Science of Science and Management of S. & T, 11.
26. Hofstede, G. & Bond, M.H. (1984). “Hofstede’s culture dimensions: an independent validation using Rokeach’s value survey”, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology.
27. Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. McGraw-Hill: London.
28. Hong, J., Hou, B., Zhu, K., & Marinova, D. (2018). Exploratory innovation, exploitative innovation and employee creativity. Chinese Management Studies.
29. House, R.J., Hanges, P.J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P.W., & Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: TheGLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Sage.
30. Jiang, X., Flores, H.R., & Leelawong, R. (2016). “The effect of team empowerment on team performance: a cross-cultural perspective on the mediating roles of knowledge sharing and intra-group conflict”, International Journal of Conflict Management.
31. Kaasa, A. & Vadi, M. (2010). How does culture contribute to innovation? Evidence from European countries. Economics of innovation and new technology, 19(7), 583-604.
32. Kasharia, Z. & Taheri, F. (2019). The Role of Knowledge Sharing in Organizational Performance. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 62(1), 30-38
33. Khan, W. A., Hassan, R. A., Arshad, M. Z., Arshad, M. A., Kashif, U., Aslam, F., & Wafa, S. A. (2020). The effect of entrepreneurial orientation and organisational culture on firm performance: The mediating role of innovation. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 13(3), 652-677.
34. Khan, W. A., Wafa, S. A., Hassan, R. A., & Kashif, U. (2020). The Mediating Effect of Innovation on The Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Performance of Large Manufacturing Firms in Pakistan. Malaysian Journal of Business and Economics, 229.
35. Killingsworth, B., Xue, Y., & Liu, Y. (2016). Factors influencing knowledge sharing among global virtual teams. Team Performance Management.
36. Kim, S. S. (2019). The effect of social contexts and formation of individualism–collectivism orientation on knowledge sharing intention: the case of workers in Korea. Journal of Knowledge Management.
37. Kremer, H. & Villamor, I. (2018). Innovation leadership: Best-practice recommendations for promoting employee creativity, voice, and knowledge sharing. Business Horizons,62.
38. Li, Z.B. & Chen, H. (2015). “The impact of Supervisor-Subordinate Guanxi on employees’ knowledge sharing behavior: the role of organizational identification and collectivism orientation”, Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management (China).
39. Liu, L.L., Du, R., & Ai, S.Z. (2016). Impact of culture on the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovative behaviour in IT services industry. Chinese Journal of Management Science, Vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 159-166.
40. Markus, H. & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224–253.
41. Mesmer, M., Jessica & Dechurch, L. (2009). Information Sharing and Team Performance: A Meta-Analysis. The Journal of applied psychology, 94. 535-46.
42. Nadason, S., Ram Al Jaffri, S., & Ahmi, A. (2017). Knowledge Sharing and Barriers in Organizations: A Conceptual Paper on Knowledge-Management Strategy. Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance.
43. Ndubisi, N. O. & Iftikhar, K. (2012). Relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and performance. Journal of Research in Marketing and entrepreneurship.
44. Nguyen, T. M. (2020). Four-dimensional model: a literature review in online organisational knowledge sharing. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems.
45. Obeidat, B. Y., Al-Suradi, M. M., & Tarhini, A. (2016). The impact of knowledge management on innovation: An empirical study on Jordanian consultancy firms. Management Research Review
46. Park, S. & Kim, E. J. (2018). Fostering organizational learning through leadership and knowledge sharing. Journal of Knowledge Management.
47. Paulin, Dan & Suneson, Kaj (2012). Knowledge Transfer, Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Barriers – Three Blurry Terms in KM. Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, 10. 82-92.
48. Pian, Q. Y., Jin, H., & Li, H. (2019). Linking knowledge sharing to innovative behaviour: the moderating role of collectivism. Journal of Knowledge Management.
49. Realo, A., Koido, K., Ceulemans, E., & Allik, J. (2002). Three components of individualism. European Journal of Personality, 16(3), 163–184.
50. Salman, R., Arshad, D., & Abu Bakar, L. J. (2016). Factors contributing to SMEs innovative culture in Punjab, Pakistan: a pilot study. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(8), 54-64.
51. San Ong, T., Magsi, H. B., & Burgess, T. F. (2019). Organisational culture, environmental management control systems, environmental performance of Pakistani manufacturing industry. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.
52. Shahzad, F., Xiu, G., & Shahbaz, M. (2017). Organizational culture and innovation performance in Pakistan's software industry. Technology in Society, 51, 66-73.
53. Teixeira, E. K., Oliveira, M., & Curado, C. (2019). Linking knowledge management processes to innovation. Management Research Review.
54. Tian, M., Deng, P., Zhang, Y., & Salmador, M. P. (2018). How does culture influence innovation? A systematic literature review. Management Decision.
55. Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and Collectivism: New Directions in Social Psychology. Boulder, CO.
56. Triandis, H.C. (1996). “The psychological measurement of cultural syndromes”, American Psychologist.
57. Triandis, H.C. & Gelfand, M.J. (2012). A theory of individualism and collectivism, in Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology, Vol., Sage Publications
58. Tipu, S. A. & Ryan, J. (2012). Transformational leadership in Pakistan: an examination of the impact of transformational leadership on organizational culture and innovation propensity. Journal of Management & Organization, 18(4).
59. Van Hooft, E. A. & De Jong, M. (2009). Predicting job seeking for temporary employment using the theory of planned behaviour: The moderating role of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82(2), 295-316.
60. Xie, H. F. & Ma, Q. G. (2007). The influence of organizational atmosphere on employee informal knowledge sharing. Studies in Science of Science, 25, 306-311.
61. Yang, Z., Zhou, X., & Zhang, P. (2015). Discipline versus passion: Collectivism, centralization, and ambidextrous innovation. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 32(3), 745-769.
Published
2022-01-31
How to Cite
Asif Tasneem, K., & Qureshi, S. F. (2022). Knowledge Sharing, Individualism, Collectivism, and Organizational Innovative Behaviour in Public Health Organizations. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 18(3), 195. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n3p195
Section
ESJ Natural/Life/Medical Sciences
Copyright (c) 2022 Khawaja Asif Tasneem, Saba Feroz Qureshi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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