The ISIS Model and its Influence Over Global Terrorism
Keywords:
ISIS, ISIS Model, Jihadist Terror, Right-Wing Terror, Lone Actors
Abstract
Counter-terrorism efforts against jihadist groups have been challenging for law enforcement and the military because terrorist organizations constantly update their tactics and mimic the successful strategies of popular and influential groups, such as ISIS, that have developed a specific model for carrying out their destructive acts. ISIS created its terrorism model in 2014 and has used it to control territory, spread its ideology, create provincial branches in different regions, inspire lone actors, and generate revenue. Terrorism databases are full of incidents that involve ISISstyle tactics, targets, and affiliated groups that act as provincial branches of ISIS. This paper examines how ISIS developed its model, what components that model involves, and how the model has influenced not only jihadist groups but also right-wing extremists and drug cartels around the world. The study uses a mixed method of quantative and qualitative research, and the proposed ISIS Model is developed through a rigorous literature review.
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References
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27. Jones, Seth, and Doxsee, Catrina, “The Escalating Terrorism Problem in the United States,” Center For Strategic & International Studies, 17.06.2020, Available at https://www.csis.org/analysis/escalating-terrorism-problem-united-states. Accessed: 15.02.2021.
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29. Kearns, Erin M., Conlon, Brendan and Young, Joseph K., “Lying about Terrorism,” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Vol.37, No.5(2014), 422-439, p. 422.
30. Kennedy, Merrit, “What We Know About The Suspect in The Nice, France, Attack,” NPR, 15.07.2016, Available at https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/15/486150027/what-we-know-about-the-nice-france-attack-suspect. Accessed: 15.02.2021.
31. Koch, Ariel, “Jihadi Beheading Videos and Their Non-Jihadi Echoes,” Perspectives in Terrorism, Vol.12, No.3(2018), pp. 24-34.
32. Kube, Courtney, “The Taliban Is Gaining Strength and Territory in Afghanistan,” NBC News, 30.01.2018, Available at https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/numbers-afghanistan-are-not-good-n842651. Accessed: 14.02.2021.
33. Kydd, Andrew H., and Walter, Barbara F., “The Strategies of Terrorism,” International Security, Vol.31, No. 1(2006), 49-80.
34. Levy, Ido, and Yusuf, Abdi, “How Do Terrorist Organizations Make Money? Terrorist Funding and Innovation in the Case of al Shabaab,” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, (2019), pp. 1-23.
35. Lister, Tim, and Sanchez, Ray, “ISIS Goes Global: 143 Attacks in 29 Countries Have Killed 2,043,” CNN, 12.02.2018, Available at https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/17/world/mapping-isis-attacks-around-the-world/index.html. Accessed: 14.02.2021.
36. Min, Eric, “Taking Responsibility: When and Why Terrorists Claim Attacks,” Paper Prepared for the 2013 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association Chicago, IL: August 29 - September 1, 2013.
37. Myre, Greg, and Domonoske, Camila, “What Does It Mean When ISIS Claims Responsibility For An Attack?”, NPR, 24.05.2017. Available at https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/24/529685951/what-does-it-mean-when-isis-claims-responsibility-for-an-attack?t=1633527146758. Accessed: 10.06.2021.
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39. NPR, “Terrorism Expert Weighs in on ISIS Claim of Responsibility in Sri Lanka Attacks”, 23.04.2019, Available at https://www.npr.org/2019/04/23/716478830/terrorism-expert-weighs-in-on-isis-claim-of-responsibility-in-sri-lanka-attacks. Accessed: 14.02.2021.
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41. Parvez, Tariq, “The Islamic State in Pakistan,” United States Institute of Peace, September 2016, Available at PB213-The-Islamic-State-In-Pakistan.pdf (usip.org). Accessed: 28.01.2022.
42. Perkins, Brian, “Local vs. Global: Al-Qaeda’s Strategy for Survival,” The Jamestown Foundation Terrorism Monitor, Vol.17, No.11(2019), p. 2.
43. Ramirez, Fernando, “Drug Trafficking Los Zetas Cartel Creates ISIS-Style Beheading Video to Spread Fear,” Chron, 10.03.2017, Available at https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/texas/article/Narco-trafficking-cartel-creates-ISIS-style-10992212.php. Accessed: 14.02.2021.
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Published
2022-02-28
How to Cite
Cengiz, M., Karademir, K., & Cinoglu, H. (2022). The ISIS Model and its Influence Over Global Terrorism. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 18(7), 14. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n7p14
Section
ESJ Humanities
Copyright (c) 2022 Mahmut Cengiz, Kutluer Karademir, Huseyin Cinoglu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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