Evaluation De L’utilisation Des Huiles Essentielles De Six Plantes Aromatiques Collectées Au Benin Dans La Lutte Alternative Contre Les Aflatoxins

Yann Christie  Sissinto Adjovi; Prince  Joli Fossou; Akimath  Tahirou; Hilarion  Ulrich Ahehehinnou

doi:10.19044/esj.2022.v18n11p207

Yann Christie Sissinto Adjovi Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire Ecole des Sciences et Techniques de Conservation et de Transformation des Produits Agricoles / Université Nationale d’Agriculture
Prince Joli Fossou Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire
Akimath Tahirou Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire
Hilarion Ulrich Ahehehinnou Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n11p207

Keywords: Aflatoxins, Alternative control, Essential oils

Abstract

Dans la lutte contre les aflatoxines, le recours aux méthodes alternatives est de plus en plus préféré. Cette étude a consisté à évaluer l’efficacité des huiles essentielles de six plantes aromatiques (Mentha spicata, Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon citratus, Illicium verum, Cinnamomum verum, Myristica fragrans) extraites sur le développement des moisissures d’une part et sur leurs capacités anti-aflatoxinogènes d’autre part. Les huiles essentielles ont été extraites par hydrodistillation. L’activité antifongique de ces dernières ont été évaluées in vitro par les tests de diffusion directe, de micro-atmosphère et de test en puits. L’huile essentielle de C. verum a présenté la meilleure activité antifongique par inhibition totale à des concentrations de 0,01mg/µl sur A. novoparasiticus (AF32) et de 0,1 mg/µl sur A. flavus (AFc5) et A. novoparasiticus (NCPT280). Les huiles essentielles d’I. verum et de C. citratus ont eu une importante activité antifongique par les méthodes de diffusion directe et de puits respectivement à 0,5 mg/µl. L’huile essentielle de M. spicata a également présenté une bonne activité antifongique sur la souche AFc5 par inhibition totale de celle-ci par la méthode de diffusion directe à 0,5 mg/µl. De faible activité ont été obtenue avec les huiles essentielles de M. piperita et de M. fragrans. Les résultats de cette étude montrent la possibilité d’utilisation des huiles essentielles de C. verum, de I. verum et deC. citratus comme moyen de lutte alternative contre les moisissures au cours du stockage de matière première.

In the fight against aflatoxins, the use of alternative methods is increasingly preferred. This study consisted in evaluating the effectiveness of essential oils of six aromatic plants (Mentha spicata, Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon citratus, Illicium verum, Cinnamomum verum, Myristica fragrans) extracted on the development of molds on the one hand and on their antiaflatoxinogenic capacities on the other hand. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation. The antifungal activity of these oils was evaluated in vitro by direct diffusion, micro-atmosphere and well tests. The essential oil of C. verum showed the best antifungal activity by total inhibition at concentrations of 0.01mg/µl on A. novoparasiticus (AF32) and 0.1 mg/µl on A. flavus (AFc5) and A. novoparasiticus (NCPT280). Essential oils of I. verum and C. citratus had significant antifungal activity by direct diffusion and sink methods respectively at 0.5 mg/µl. The essential oil of M. spicata also showed good antifungal activity on the AFc5 strain by total inhibition of it by direct diffusion method at 0.5 mg/µl. Weak activity was obtained with the essential oils of M. piperita and M. fragrans. The results of this study show the possibility of using essential oils of C. verum, I. verum and C. citratus as an alternative means of control of molds during the storage of raw material.

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