Social Media Dependency and Work-Related Attitudes with Religiosity Mediation
Keywords:
Social media dependency, work-related attitudes, religiosity, public-private employees
Abstract
The paper explores the social media dependency and work-related attitudes about religiosity as a mediator among employees in public and private organizations. Not many studies explore the above variables especially in the context of Malaysian employees. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed among employees in the public and private organizations in the selected major cities in the country. Data analyses are conducted using SPSS, namely reliability analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation analysis. Interestingly, the paper only discovers religiosity has a positive impact on work-related attitudes among employees in public and private organizations. Unfortunately, the other hypotheses are not supported and no mediation of religiosity on social media dependency and work-related attitudes was discovered. Further analysis is conducted on religiosity as moderator; the result also shows no moderation of religiosity on social media dependency and work-related attitudes. Discussions on the results are elaborated accordingly.
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References
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https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60281-6
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DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2016.912039
30. Turan, Y. (2018). Coping with Loneliness: Loneliness, Religious Coping, Religiosity, Life Satisfaction and Social Media Usage. Trans. Ahmet Çekiç. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi-Cumhuriyet, Theology Journal, 22(3), 1711-1745. https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.491804
31. Walumbwa, F.O., Lawler, J.J., Avolio, B.J., Wang, P., & Shi, K. (2005). Transformational Leadership and Work-Related Attitudes: The Moderating Effects of Collective and Self-Efficacy Across Cultures. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 11(3), 2-16. doi:10.1177/107179190501100301
32. Wang, Y-C., Chi, C.G-Q. & Erkilic, E. (2021). The impact of religiosity on political skill: evidence from Muslim hotel employees in Turkey. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, In-Press. DOI: 10.1108/ijchm-08-2020-0836
33. Weiss, D.J. & Dawis, R.V. (1967). Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, University of Minnesota.
Accessed: https://vpr.psych.umn.edu/sites/vpr.umn.edu/files/files/monograph_xxii_-_manual_for_the_mn_satisfaction_questionnaire.pdf
34. Wisker, Z.L. & Rosinaite, V. (2016). The Effect of Religiosity and Personality on Work Ethics:
A Case of Muslim Managers. Science Journal of Business and Management, 4(1-1), 1-9.
DOI: 10.11648/j.sjbm.s.2016040101.11
2. Almenayes (2014). Religiosity and the Perceived Consequences of Social Media Usage in a Muslim Country. Journal of Arts and Humanities, 3(5), 108-117.
3. Almenayes (2015). Empirical Analysis of Religiosity as Predictor of Social Media Addiction. Journal of Arts and Humanities, 44-52.
Accessed: http://www.theartsjournal.org/index.php/site/index
4. Croucher, S.M., Oommen, D., Borton, I., Anarbaeva, S. & Turner, J.S. (2010) The Influence of Religiosity and Ethnic Identification on Media Use Among Muslims and Non-Muslims in France and Britain, Mass Communication and Society, 13(3), 314-334.
DOI: 10.1080/15205430903296085
5. Ekizler, H. & Galifanova, A. (2020). The Effect of Religiosity on Organizational Commitment through Work Values. The Journal of Operations Research, Statistics, Econometrics and Management Information Systems, 8(2), 181-2000. DOI: 10.17093/alphanumeric.754682.
6. Greenhaus, J.H., Parasuraman, S. & Wormley, W.M. (1990). Effects of Race on Organizational Experiences, Job Performance Evaluations, and Career Outcomes, Academy of Management Journal, 33(1), 64-86. https://doi.org/10.2307/256352
7. Guimaraes, T. (1996). TQM’s Impact on Employee Attitudes, The TQM Magazine, 8(1), 20-25.
8. Gungor, D., Bornstein, M.H., & Phalet, K. (2012). Religiosity, Values, and Acculturation: A Study of Turkish, Turkish Belgian, and Belgian Adolescents, International Journal Behavior Development, 36(5): 367–373. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025412448357
9. Hawi, N.S. & Samaha, M. (2017). The Relations Among Social Media Addiction, Self-Esteem, and Life Satisfaction in University Students. Social Science Computer Review, 35(5), 576-586.
DOI: 10.1177/0894439316660340
10. Heliot, Y.F., Gleibs, I.H., Coyle, A., Rousseau, D.M., & Rojon, C. (2020). Religious identity in the workplace: A systematic review, research agenda, and practical implications. Human Resource Management, 59, 153-173. DOI: 10.1002/hrm.21983.
11. Khasif, M., Zarkada, A. & Thurasamy, R. (2017). The moderating effect of religiosity on ethical behavioural intentions: An application of the extended theory of planned behaviour to Pakistani bank employees, Personnel Review, 46(2), 1-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/PR-10-2015-0256
12. Kim, S., Egan, T.M., & M. Jae Moon, M.J. (2014). Managerial Coaching Efficacy, Work-Related Attitudes, and Performance in Public Organizations: A Comparative International Study. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 34(3), 237-262. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X13491120
13. Lenhart, A., Purcell, L., Smith, A., & Zickuhr, K. (2010). Social Media and Young Adults, Pew Internet and American Life Project.
Accessed: https://www.socialcapitalgateway.org/content/paper/lenhart-purcell-k-smith-zickuhr-k-2010-social-media-and-young-adults-pew-internet-amer
14. Lin, C.Y., Broström, A., Nilsen, P., Griffiths, M.D., & Pakpour, A.H. (2017). Psychometric validation of the Persian Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale using Classic Test Theory and Rasch Models. J Behav Addict, 6(4), 620-629. DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.071.
15. Liu, Y., Hassan, M., Chupradit, S. & Ageli, M.M. (2021). Aggressive workplace behavior, motivation, and worker's output: Mediating effect of religiosity among the service sector employees. Aggression and Violent Behavior, In-Press, 1-9. DOI:10.1016/j.avb.2021.101625
16. Monacis, L., De Palo, V., Griffiths, M.D., & Sinatra, M. (2017). Social Networking Addiction, Attachment Style, And Validation Of The Italian Version Of The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 178-186. DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.023
17. Mowday, R.T. & Steers, R.M. (1979). The Measurement of Organizational Commitment, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 224-247.https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1
18. Nasser, I. & Cheema, J. (2021). Religiosity as a mediator of forgiveness among educators and parents in seven Muslim communities, Journal of Beliefs & Values, 1-21.
DOI: 10.1080/13617672.2021.1930930
19. Pempek, T.A., Yermolayeva, Y.A., & Calvert, S.L. 2009. College Students’ Social Networking Experience on Facebook, Journal of Applied Development Psychology, 30(3), 227-238.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010
20. Purnamasari, P. & Amaliah, I. (2015). Fraud Prevention: Relevance to Religiosity and Spirituality in the Workplace. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 827-835. DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.109
21. Ramlee, N., Osman, A., Salahudin, S.N., Sin, K.Y., Sim, C.L., & Safizal, M. (2016). The Influence of Religiosity, Stress and Job Attitude towards Organizational Behavior: Evidence from Public Universities in Malaysia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 563-573.
22. Reutter, K.R. & Bigatti, S.M. (2014). Religiosity And Spirituality As Resiliency Resources: Moderation, Mediation, or Moderated Mediation? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 53(1), 56-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12081
23. Roznowski, B. & Zarzycka, B. (2020). Centrality of Religiosity as a Predictor of Work Orientation Styles and Work Engagement: A Moderating Role of Gender. Religions, 11, 387. DOI:10.3390/rel11080387.
24. Sanaktekin, O.H., Aslanbay, Y. & Gorgulu, V. (2013) The Effects Of Religiosity On Internet Consumption, Information, Communication & Society, 16:10, 1553-1573.
DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2012.722663
25. Saroglou V, Delpierre V, & Dernelle R. (2004). Values and Religiosity: A Meta-Analysis of Studies Using Schwartz’s Model. Personality and Individual Differences. 37, 721–734.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.10.005
26. Schmidt, G.B., Lelchook, A.M., & Martin, J.E. (2016). The relationship between social media co-worker connections and work-related attitudes. Computers in Human Behavior.55 (Part A), 439-445. Elsevier. http://opus.ipfw.edu/ols_facpubs/85
27. Schwartz, S.H. (1992). Universals in The Content and Structure Of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries. In: Zanna, M., editor. Advances in experimental social psychology. 25. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 1-65.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60281-6
28. Schwartz S.H. & Huismans S. (1995). Value Priorities and Religiosity in Four Western Religions. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58, 88–107. https://doi.org/10.2307/2787148
29. Sponcil, M. & Gitimu, P. (2013). Use of Social Media by College Students: Relationship to Communication and Self-Concept, Journal of Technology Research, 4, 1-13.
DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2016.912039
30. Turan, Y. (2018). Coping with Loneliness: Loneliness, Religious Coping, Religiosity, Life Satisfaction and Social Media Usage. Trans. Ahmet Çekiç. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi-Cumhuriyet, Theology Journal, 22(3), 1711-1745. https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.491804
31. Walumbwa, F.O., Lawler, J.J., Avolio, B.J., Wang, P., & Shi, K. (2005). Transformational Leadership and Work-Related Attitudes: The Moderating Effects of Collective and Self-Efficacy Across Cultures. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 11(3), 2-16. doi:10.1177/107179190501100301
32. Wang, Y-C., Chi, C.G-Q. & Erkilic, E. (2021). The impact of religiosity on political skill: evidence from Muslim hotel employees in Turkey. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, In-Press. DOI: 10.1108/ijchm-08-2020-0836
33. Weiss, D.J. & Dawis, R.V. (1967). Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, University of Minnesota.
Accessed: https://vpr.psych.umn.edu/sites/vpr.umn.edu/files/files/monograph_xxii_-_manual_for_the_mn_satisfaction_questionnaire.pdf
34. Wisker, Z.L. & Rosinaite, V. (2016). The Effect of Religiosity and Personality on Work Ethics:
A Case of Muslim Managers. Science Journal of Business and Management, 4(1-1), 1-9.
DOI: 10.11648/j.sjbm.s.2016040101.11
Published
2022-03-31
How to Cite
Hassan Asaari, M. H. A., Desa, N. M., Arshad, M. A., & Mohamad Noor, M. M. (2022). Social Media Dependency and Work-Related Attitudes with Religiosity Mediation. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 18(10), 10. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n10p10
Section
ESJ Humanities
Copyright (c) 2022 Muhammad Hasmi Abu Hassan Asaari, Nasina Mat Desa, Mohd Anuar Arshad, Mohamad Muzammil Mohamad Noor
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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