Fillings And Late Holocene Palaeoenvironments Of The Palustrine Depressions Of The Lopé National Park, Middle Ogooué Valley In Gabon
Keywords:
Gabon, filling, marsh, organic matter
Abstract
This work is devoted to the study of fillings and late Holocene palaeoenvironments of two marshes located in the savannas of the northern part of Lopé National Park in Gabon. Sedimentological and geochemical analyzes associated with 14C dating were performed on the sedimentary deposits of Yao and Vitex marshes. The results obtained were compared with these of the sedimentary core of the Lopé 2 marsh, previously analysed. All of these data show that the active filling of these marshes was carried out synchronously. The small variation observed are linked to specific physical characters to each of the marshes. This filling began between 2300 and 2000 cal years BP in all of the marshes. It started at the beginning of the humid climatic phase which followed the climatic pejoration recognized throughout the area of Atlantic Central Africa between 2500 and 2000 years BP. During this humid climatic phase, the rains were abundant and regular and the depressions were filled with sediments which are very rich coarse detrital elements from the erosion of slopes. The marshes and its banks were covered with sparse vegetation. Subsequently the sediments gradually become depleted in coarse detrital materials and enriched with organic constituents. This evolution would indicate a gradual reduction in erosion linked to the densification of the vegetation cover on the slopes. It is mostly related to the development of vegetation in the marshy basins. This development of the vegetation and the conservation of the organic matter of the marshes are due to the perennial flooding of the palustrine depressions.
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References
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22. Oslisly R., (2001). The history of human settlement in the middle Ogooué valley (Gabon). In Weber W., White L., Vedder A., Naughtontreves L., eds., African rain forest ecology and preservation, Yale University Press, New Haven CT, London, p. 101-118.
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24. Oslisly, R., White, L., Bentaleb, I., Favier, C., Fontugne, M., Gillet, J.F. & Sebag, D. (2013). Climatic and cultural changes in the west Congo Basin forests over the past 5000 years. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society of London. Series B 368: 20120304.
25. Palla, F., Picard, N., Abernethy, K.A., Ukizintambara, T., White, E.C., Riéra, B., Rudan, J.P., White, L. (2011). Structural and floristic typology of the forests in the forest-savanna mosaic of the Lopé National Park, Gabon. Plant Ecology and Evolution, 144, p. 255-266.
26. Sebag, D., Disnar, J. R., Guillet, B., Di Giovanni, C., Verrecchia, E.P. & Durand, A. (2007). Monitoring organic matter dynamics in soil profiles by ‘Rock-Eval pyrolysis: bulk characterization and quantification of degradation. European Journal of Soil Science, 57(3): 344–355.
27. Sebag, D., Verrecchia, E.P., Cécillon, L., Adatte, T., Albrecht, R., Aubert, M., Bureau, F., Cailleau, G., Copard, Y., Decaens, T., Disnar, J. R., Hetényi, M., Nyilas T. & Trombino, L. (2016). Dynamics of soil organic matter based on new Rock-Eval indices. Geoderma, 284: 185-203.
28. Stuiver, M., Reimer, P.J. & Braziunas, T.F. (1998). High-precision radiocarbon age calibration for terrestrial and marine samples. Radiocarbon 40, 1127-1151.
29. Talma, A.S. & Vogel, J.C. (1993). A simplified approach to calibrating 14C dates. Radiocarbon 35(2):317-322.
30. Vincens, A., Schwartz, D., Elenga, H., Reynaud-Farrera, I., Alexandre, A., Bertaux, J., Mariotti, A., Martin, L., Meunier, J.D., Nguetsop, F., Servant, M., Servant-Vildary, S. & Wirrmann, D. (1999). Forest response to climate changes in Atlantic Equatorial Africa during the last 4000 years BP and inheritance on the modern landscapes. Journal of Biogeography, 26, 879–885.
31. Weldeab, S., Schneider, R. & Müller, P. (2007). Comparison of Mg/Ca-and alkenone-based sea surface temperature estimates in the fresh water-influenced Gulf of Guinea, eastern equatorial Atlantic. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 8, 1–16.
2. Behar, F., Beaumont, V. & De B. Penteado, H.L. (2001). Rock-Eval 6 technology: performances and developments. Oil & Gas Science and Technology 56 (2), 111–134.
3. Bertaux, J., Schwartz, D., Vincens, A., Siffedine, A., Elenga, H., Mansour, M., Mariotti, A., Fournier, M., Martin, L., Wirrmann, D. & Servant, M. (2000). Enregistrement de la phase sèche d'Afrique Centrale vers 3000 ans BP par spectrométrie IR dans les lacs Sinnda et Kitina (Sud-Congo). In Dynamique à long terme des écosystèmes forestiers intertropicaux, Eds Michel Servant et Simone servant –Vildary. UNESCO, Paris : 43-49.
4. Bird, M. & Cali, J.A. (1998). A million-year record of fire in sub-Saharan Africa. Nature 394 (6695), 767.
5. Blaauw, M. & Christen, J.A. (2011). Flexible paleoclimate age-depth models using an autoregressive gamma process. Bayesian Analysis 6 (3), 457-474.
6. Bremond, L., Oslisly, R., Sebag, D., Bentaleb, I., Favier, C., Henga-Botsikabobe, K., Makaya Mvoubou, Ngomanda, A. & Geoffroy de Saulieu, Ecotrop Team (2021). Establishment and functioning of the savanna marshes of the Lopé National Park in Gabon since the termination of the African humid period and the arrival of humans 2500years ago. The Holocene https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836211003230.
7. Chevallier L., Makanga J.F. & Thomas R.J. (2002). Notice explicative de la carte géologique de la république Gabonaise au 1/1000000. Direction Générale des Mines et de la Géologie du Gabon, 195 p.
8. Disnar, J.R., Guillet, B., Keravis, D., Di-Giovanni, C. & Sebag, D. (2003). Soil organic matter (SOM) characterization by rock-Eval pyrolysis: scope and limitations. Organic Geochemisty 34 (3), 327–343.
9. Elenga, H., Schwartz, D., Vincens, A., Bertaux, J., de Namur, C., Martin, L. & Servant, M. (1996). Diagramme pollinique holocène du lac Kitina (Congo): mise en évidence de changements paléobotaniques et paléoclimatiques dans le massif forestier du Mayombe. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Série 2a: Sciences de la Terre et des Planètes 323, 403 – 410.
10. Giresse, P., Makaya Mvoubou, Maley, J. & Ngomanda, A. (2009). Late-Holocene equatorial environments inferred from deposition process, carbone isotopes of organic matter, and pollen in tree shallow lakes of Gabon, west-central Africa. Journal of Paleolimnology, 41(2): 369-392.
11. Giresse, P., Maley, J. & Chepstow-Lusty, A. (2020). Understanding the 2500 yr BP rainforest crisis in Westand Central Africain the framework of the Late Holocene: Pluridisciplinary analysis and multi-archivereconstruction. Global and Planetary Change. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103257.
12. Kossoni, A. (2003). Processus sédimentaires du lac Ossa (Dizangué, sud-ouest Cameroun) et évolution paléoclimatique holocène depuis 9000 ans BP. Thèse de Doctorat, Université de Perpignan : 221 p.
13. Lafargue, E., Marquis, F. Pillot, D. (1998). Rock-Eval 6 applications in hydrocarbon exploration, production, and soil contamination studies. Oil and Gas Science and Technology - Revue de l'Institut Français du Pétrole 53(4): 421-437.
14. Lebamba, J., Vincens, A. & Maley, J. (2012). Pollen, vegetation change and climate at Lake Barombi Mbo (Cameroon) during the last ca. 33,000 cal yr BP: a numerical approach. Climate of the Past, 8: 59-78.
15. Makaya M’voubou (2005). Les paléoenvironnements sédimentaires fini-holocènes de trois lacs du Gabon (Kamalété, Nguène et Maridor). Etudes sédimentologiques et biochimiques. Thèse de Doctorat, Université de Perpignan, France, 249 p.
16. Maley, J. (2001). La destruction catastrophique des forêts d'Afrique centrale survenue il y a environ 2500 ans exerce encore une influence majeure sur la répartition actuelle des formations végétales. In Plant systematics and phytogeography for the understanding of African biodiversity, Eds Robbrecht E., Degreef J. and Friis I. Systematic and Geography of Plants, Meise, 71: p.777-796.
17. Maley, J. & Brenac, P. (1998). Vegetation dynamics, Palaeoenvironments and Climatic changes in the forests of West Cameroon during the last 28,000 years BP. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 99: 157-187.
18. Maley, J. & Chepstow-Lusty, A. (2001). Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (oil palm) fluctuation sin central Africa during the late Holocene: climate or human driving forces for this pioneering species? Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 10, 117–120.
19. Malounguila-Nganga, D., Giresse, P., Boussafir, M. & Miyouna, T. (2017). Late Holocene swampy forest of Loango Bay (Congo). Sedimentary environments and organic matter deposition. Journal of African Earth Sciences, dio: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.05.022.
20. Nfoumou Obame, V., Makaya M’voubou, Sebag, D., Oslisly, R., Bremond, L., Mbina Mounguengui, M. & Giresse, P. (2017). Le rôle de l’évolution des paysages holocènes dans le comblement des bas-fonds du Parc national de la Lopé, moyenne vallée de l’Ogooué au Gabon. Bois et forêts des tropiques, n°333: 67-77.
21. Ngomanda, A., Chepstow-Lusty, A., Makaya Mvoubou, Schevin, P., Maley, J., Fontugne, M., Oslisly, R. & Rabenkogo, N. (2005). Vegetation changes during the past 1300 years in wester equatorial Africa : A high resolution pollen record from Lake Kamalete, Lope Reserve, Central Gabon. The Holocene, 15(7): 1021-1031.
22. Oslisly R., (2001). The history of human settlement in the middle Ogooué valley (Gabon). In Weber W., White L., Vedder A., Naughtontreves L., eds., African rain forest ecology and preservation, Yale University Press, New Haven CT, London, p. 101-118.
23. Oslisly, R. & Dechamps, R. (1994). Découverte d'une zone d'incendie dans la forêt ombrophile du Gabon ca 1500 BP: essai d'explication anthropique et implications paléoclimatiques. Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, 318(2): 555-560.
24. Oslisly, R., White, L., Bentaleb, I., Favier, C., Fontugne, M., Gillet, J.F. & Sebag, D. (2013). Climatic and cultural changes in the west Congo Basin forests over the past 5000 years. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society of London. Series B 368: 20120304.
25. Palla, F., Picard, N., Abernethy, K.A., Ukizintambara, T., White, E.C., Riéra, B., Rudan, J.P., White, L. (2011). Structural and floristic typology of the forests in the forest-savanna mosaic of the Lopé National Park, Gabon. Plant Ecology and Evolution, 144, p. 255-266.
26. Sebag, D., Disnar, J. R., Guillet, B., Di Giovanni, C., Verrecchia, E.P. & Durand, A. (2007). Monitoring organic matter dynamics in soil profiles by ‘Rock-Eval pyrolysis: bulk characterization and quantification of degradation. European Journal of Soil Science, 57(3): 344–355.
27. Sebag, D., Verrecchia, E.P., Cécillon, L., Adatte, T., Albrecht, R., Aubert, M., Bureau, F., Cailleau, G., Copard, Y., Decaens, T., Disnar, J. R., Hetényi, M., Nyilas T. & Trombino, L. (2016). Dynamics of soil organic matter based on new Rock-Eval indices. Geoderma, 284: 185-203.
28. Stuiver, M., Reimer, P.J. & Braziunas, T.F. (1998). High-precision radiocarbon age calibration for terrestrial and marine samples. Radiocarbon 40, 1127-1151.
29. Talma, A.S. & Vogel, J.C. (1993). A simplified approach to calibrating 14C dates. Radiocarbon 35(2):317-322.
30. Vincens, A., Schwartz, D., Elenga, H., Reynaud-Farrera, I., Alexandre, A., Bertaux, J., Mariotti, A., Martin, L., Meunier, J.D., Nguetsop, F., Servant, M., Servant-Vildary, S. & Wirrmann, D. (1999). Forest response to climate changes in Atlantic Equatorial Africa during the last 4000 years BP and inheritance on the modern landscapes. Journal of Biogeography, 26, 879–885.
31. Weldeab, S., Schneider, R. & Müller, P. (2007). Comparison of Mg/Ca-and alkenone-based sea surface temperature estimates in the fresh water-influenced Gulf of Guinea, eastern equatorial Atlantic. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 8, 1–16.
Published
2022-05-31
How to Cite
Nfoumou Obame, V., Ondo Zue Abaga, N., & M’voubou, M. (2022). Fillings And Late Holocene Palaeoenvironments Of The Palustrine Depressions Of The Lopé National Park, Middle Ogooué Valley In Gabon. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 18(17), 92. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n17p92
Section
ESJ Natural/Life/Medical Sciences
Copyright (c) 2022 Victory Nfoumou Obame, Norbert Ondo Zue Abaga, Makaya M’voubou
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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