Migration Discourse and the New Socially Constructed Meanings of the English Lingua Franca
Keywords:
Migrants, refugees, socially constructed meanings, English lingua franca
Abstract
After the 1990s, the mass arrival of immigrants in Europe transformed the phenomenon of migration from a benefit into a problem and opened the debate to issues of first aid, security, expulsion and rejection. Even today, migrants are no longer seen as a socio-economic resource to be protected and regulated, but as a potential social problem affecting areas such as the economy, health and national security. The paper deals with the linguistically relevant literature about migration discourse (MD) and the role of English as lingua franca in public discourse related to the migration phenomenon. The latter part examines some traditional English key terms used to represent migrants since their mass arrival in Europe after the 1990s and concludes with the current international debate conducted by the mass media and nongovernmental organizations on the new, socially constructed meanings that some migration terms have acquired in the English lingua franca over the past decades.
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References
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www.unesco.org/shs/diversities/vol13/issue2/art1
3. Colford, P. (2013, April 2). ‘Illegal immigrant’ no more. The (American) Associated Press Blog.
https://blog.ap.org/announcements/illegal-immigrant-no-more
4. Crystal, D. (2007). English as a Global Language. Cambridge: CUP.
5. De Fina, A. (2003). Identity in narrative. A study of immigrant discourse. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
6. EMN, (2018). European Migration Network. Asylum and Migration Glossary. Retrieved February, 2022 from https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emn-glossary_it
7. Geneva, A. E. (2016, July 11). UNHCR viewpoint: ‘Refugee’ or ‘migrant’ – Which is right?.
https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2016/7/55df0e556/unhcrviewpoint-refugee-migrant-right.html
8. Guido, M. G. (2008). English as a lingua franca in cross-cultural immigration domains. Berlin: Peter Lang.
9. Jenkins, J. (2015). Global Englishes. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge.
10. IOM, (2019). International Organization for Migration. Glossary on Migration. Retrieved February, 2022 from
https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/iml_34_glossary.pdf
11. Korkut, U. (Ed.) (2013). The discourses and politics of migration in Europe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
12. Lakoff, G., Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
13. Malone, B. (2015, August 20). Why Al-Jazeera will not say Mediterranean Migrants. Retrieved from ALJAZEERA
https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2015/8/20/why-al-jazeera-will-not-say-mediterranean-migrants
14. Martín Rojo, L. (Ed.) (2010). Constructing inequality in multilingual classrooms. Berlin: Mouton.
15. Martìnez Guillem, S. (2015). Migration Discourse. In K. Tracy, C. Ilie & T.L. Sandel (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction, First Edition. Boston: John Wiley & Sons.
16. Maryns, K. (2006). The Asylum Speaker: Language in the Belgian Asylum Procedure. London: Routledge.
17. McArthur, T. (1992). The Oxford Companion to the English Language. New York: Oxford University Press.
18. Migration in the News. (2013). The Migration Observatory at the Oxford University. Retrieved February 2022 from
https://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/resources/reports/migration-in-the-news/
19. Pavlenko, A. (2005). Ask each pupil about her methods of cleaning: Ideologies of language and gender in Americanisation instruction 1900-1924. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 8(4), 275-297.
20. Oxford English Dictionary Online (OED). O.U.P., Oxford, https://www.oed.com
21. Pietrini, D. (Ed.) (2020). Il discorso sulle migrazioni / Der Migrationdiskurs. Berlin: Peter Lang.
22. Piller, I., Takahashi, K. (2011). Linguistic diversity and social inclusion. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 14(4), 371-381.
23. Phillips, M. (2014, July 1). Guest Post: The effect of negative labelling – Why are we still talking about ‘migrants’? (Last access February 2022). https://migrantsatsea.org/2014/07/01/guest-post-the-effect-of-negative-labelling-why-are-we-still-talking-about-migrants/
24. Prieto Ramos, F. (2004). Media & Migrants. A critical analysis of Spanish and Irish discourses on immigration. Oxford/New York: Peter Lang.
25. Reisigl, M., Wodak, R. (2001). Discourse and discrimination. Rhetorics of racism and antisemitism. London-New York: Routledge.
26. Richardson, J. E., Colombo, M. (2013). Continuity and change in anti-immigrant discourse in Italy. An analysis of the visual propaganda of the Lega Nord. Journal of Language and Politics 12(2), 180–202.
27. Ruz, C. (2015, August 28). The battle over the words used to describe migrants. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-34061097
28. Schrover, M., Schinkel, W. (2013). Introduction: the language of inclusion and exclusion in the context of immigration and integration. Ethinic and Recial Studies 37(7), 1123.1141.
29. Sindoni, M. G. (2016). ?You wanna piece o’ me?’ A sociolinguistic survey on the cultural and linguistic representations of Italian American. In Abbamonte, L., Cavaliere, F. (Eds.), Mediterranean heritage in transit: (Mis-)representations via English. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
30. TRECCANI, www.treccani.it
31. van Dijk, T. A. (1993). Discourse and racism. Newbury Park: Sage.
32. van Dijk, T. A. (2018). Discourse and Migration. In Zapata Barrero R., Yalaz E. (Eds.), Qualitative Research in European Migration Studies. IMISCOE Research Series, 227-245.
33. Vertovec, S. (2007). Towards post-multiculturalism? Changing Communities, contexts and conditions of diversity. International Social Science Journal, 199, 83-95.
34. Videler, M. (2017, May). An alternative vocabulary for reporting on migration issues: on politics, ethics and the News Media’s contested migration terminology. Retrieved February 2022, from Humanity in Action
https://www.humanityinaction.org/knowledge_detail/an-alternative-vocabulary-for-reporting-on-migration-issues-on-politics-ethics-and-the-news-medias-contested-migration-terminology/
Published
2022-06-29
How to Cite
Guccione, C. (2022). Migration Discourse and the New Socially Constructed Meanings of the English Lingua Franca. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 18(18), 33. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n18p33
Section
Special Editions
Copyright (c) 2022 Cristina Guccione
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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