Etude de l’effet antidépresseur de la décoction des rhizomes de Cyperus Articulatus (Cyperaceae) sur les souris blanches Mus musculus Swiss (Muridae)
Abstract
La présente étude porte sur l’évaluation des effets pharmacologiques de la décoction des rhizomes de Cyperus Articulatus sur le système nerveux central. Cyperus Articulatus est une plante utilisée en médecine traditionnelle par certaines populations d’Asie et d’Afrique pour le traitement de plusieurs maladies telles que l’épilepsie, l’insomnie, les céphalées. Différentes doses (524 ; 262 ; 131 et 52,4 mg/kg) de la décoction des rhizomes C. Articulatus ont été administrées aux souris par voie orale et ces propriétés antidépressives ont été évaluées selon trois méthodes psychopharmacologiques à savoir : le test de la nage forcée ; le test de suspension caudale et le test de l’arène ouverte. L’administration de la décoction de C. Articulatus a entrainé une diminution significative de la durée d’immobilité dans le test de la nage forcée et le test de suspension caudale. Cette durée est passée respectivement de 232,40 ± 43,96 et 262,60 ± 84,00 secondes chez les souris du lot contrôle négatif à 150,00 ± 50,08 et 106,60 ± 56,86 secondes chez les souris traitées par la dose 524 mg/kg de la décoction. Dans le test de l’arène ouverte, nous n’avons pas noté une augmentation significative du nombre de rearing qui est de 16,60 ± 6,42 chez les souris du lot contrôle négatif et 21 ± 20 et 24,60 ± 9,23 secondes pour les doses 524 mg/kg de C. Articulatus et d’imipramine (20 mg/kg). Tous ces effets indiqueraient la présence dans cette décoction des rhizomes de C. Articulatus des composés qui posséderaient des propriétés antidépressives justifiant son utilisation en médecine traditionnelle.
The present study reports the pharmacological effects of the decoction of Cyperus Articulatus rhizomes on the central nervous system. Cyperus Articulatus is a plant used in traditional medicine by some populations of Asia and Africa for the treatment of several diseases such as epilepsy, insomnia, and headache. The decoction of C. Articulatus were orally administered to mice at various doses (524; 262; 131 and 52.4 mg/kg) and its anti-depressive properties evaluated according to different psycho-pharmacological methods (forced swimming test, tail suspension test, and open field test). The administration of the decoction of C. Articulatus to the mice led to a significant reduction in the duration of immobility in the forced swimming test and the tail suspension test. This duration reduced respectively from 232.40 ± 43.96 and 262.60 ± 84.00 seconds in the mice of the negative controls batch to 150.00 ± 50.08 and 106.60 ± 56.86 seconds in the mice treated with the dose of 524 mg/kg of the decoction. In the open field test, we did not notice a significant increase in the number of rearing positions; these values were 16.60 ± 6.42 seconds in the negative control batch mice and only 24.60 ± 9.23 and 21 ± 20 seconds for the positive control batch and the dose of 524 mg/kg of C. Articulatus respectively. All these effects indicate the presence of bioactive molecules in this decoction of the rhizomes of C Articulatus which would have anti-depressive properties justifying its use in traditional medicine.
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