Rotating and Accumulating Savings and Credit Associations as Effective Tool for Enhancing the Women Entrepreneurship. A Theoretical Review
Keywords:
Rotating and Accumulating Savings and Credit Associations, Women Entrepreneurship, Social Capital Theory
Abstract
Rotating and accumulating savings and credit associations are recognized as essential drivers for enhancing women's entrepreneurship. The contribution of the informal organizations on entrepreneurship has been broadly studied. Many have overlooked women entrepreneurship. The current study reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on savings and credit associations and women entrepreneurship. The specific objectives are: to identify factors that encourage women's participation in rotating and accumulating savings and credit associations, to assess how the rotating and accumulating savings and credit associations promote women's entrepreneurship, and to establish theories that link rotating and accumulating savings and credit associations and women entrepreneurship. The study is anchored on three theories, namely: social network theory, social capital theory, and theory of structural hole. The research study was based on descriptive research design. The study reviewed previous research on savings and credit groups and women entrepreneurship. Findings showed that thrifts and loans organizations were more effective at augmenting awareness of entrepreneurship among women members than non-partakers. The study concludes that savings and credit organizations have been effective in increasing women's entrepreneurship. The study recommends the following: First, the savings and credit associations should be included in entrepreneurship development programs of the government. Second, there should be utilization of informal associations as a better approach to have access to microcredits for enterprises startup and growth, and lastly, the inception of programs that will increase awareness of entrepreneurship among women.
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References
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8. Al-Zoubi, M. O. (2016). The entrepreneurial process networks as a new theoretical framework for understanding and analyzing the practice of creating a new business venture. Journal of Management Research, 8(3), 60-75.
9. Amador-Ruiz, J. P. & Briones-Peñalver, A. J. (2017). Study of the female entrepreneurship: An empirical evidence in the municipality of León in Nicaragua. Tourism & Management Studies, 13(3), 73-82.
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19. Chibundu, S. N. (2016). Women entrepreneurs ’access to microfinance bank credit in imo State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Agricultural Research, 4 (1), 9-17.
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27. Greve, A. & Salaff, J. W. (2003). Social networks and entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 28 (1), 1-22.
28. Greyling, T. & Rossouw, S. (2019). Access to micro-and informal loans: Evaluating the impact on the quality of life of poor females in South Africa. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 22 (1), 1-14.
29. Gugerty, M. K. (2007). You can’t save alone: commitment in rotating savings and credit associations in Kenya. Economic development and cultural change, 55 (2), 251-282.
30. ILO (2015). The importance of informal finance in promoting decent work among informal operators: A comparative study of Uganda and India. Working paper No 66, 5-55
31. Karanja, P. & Bwisa, H. M. (2013). Factors that influence entrepreneurial success among women groups: A Case study of Makuyu Division. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(1), 33.
32. Kaur, H. & Bains, A. (2013). Understanding the concept of entrepreneur competency. Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Research, 2(11), 31-33.
33. Kharisma, B. (2018). The Determinant of participation in the Social Activities: Case in Indonesia. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 7 (2), 185-200.
34. Leyden, D., Link, A. & Siegel, D. S. (2014). A theoretical analysis of the role of social networks in entrepreneurship. Research Policy, 43, 1157-1163.
35. Li, X., Gan, C. & Hu, B. (2011). The welfare impact of microcredit on rural households in China. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 40 (4), 404-411.
36. Loscocco, K., Monnat, S. M., Moore, G. & Lauber, K. B. (2009). Enterprising women: A comparison of women's and men's small business networks. Gender & society, 23 (3), 388-411.
37. Loubere, N. & Shen, Q. (2018). The policy and practice of microcredit in rural China: toward a relational understanding of heterogeneous implementation. Modern China, 44(4), 418-452.
38. Madestam, A. (2014). Informal finance: A theory of moneylenders. Journalof Development Economics, 107, 157-174.
39. Mair, J. & Marti, I. (2009). Entrepreneurship in and around institutional voids: A case study from Bangladesh. Journal of business venturing, 24 (5), 419-435.
40. Manerkar, G. (2015). Women Entrepreneurs in Goa: Issues and challenges. Indian Streams Research Journal, 4(12), 1-8.
41. Marti, I. & Mair, J. (2009). Bringing change into the lives of the poor: Entrepreneurship outside traditional boundaries. Institutional work: Actors and agency in institutional studies of organizations, 92-119.
42. Mbizi, R. & Gwangwava, E. (2013). Rotating savings and credit associations: An alternative funding for sustainable micro enterprise-case of Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 15 (7), 181-194.
43. Megiso, T. (2018). The Role of Saving and Credit Cooperatives in Improving Rural Micro Financing: The Case of Bench Maji, Kaffa, Shaka Zones. World Journal of Business and Management, 4, 30-50.
44. Melania, D. & Justin, K. U. (2015).The contribution of SACCOs societies to income poverty alleviation: A case study of Mbozi district, Tanzania. Journal of African Studies and development, 7 (4), 99-111.
45. Moreno, J. L. (1937). Sociometry in relation to other social sciences. Sociometry, 1 (1/2), 206-219.
46. Mulu, M., Wanga, O. & Olubandwa, A. (2015). Female Entrepreneurship in Kenya: How do Female Micro-Entrepreneurs Learn to be Entrepreneurial. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 3(3), 265-274.
47. Mumanyi, E. A. L. (2014). Challenges and opportunities facing SACCOs in the current devolved system of government of Kenya: A case study of Mombasa County. International Journal of Social Sciences and Entrepreneurship, 1(9), 288-314.
48. Ncube, R. & Chirisa, I. (2019). Female Entrepreneurship in Africa: An Inquiry Into the Influence of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations on Business Growth. In handbook of research on women in management and the labor market. IGI Global, 259-279.
49. Norris, P. & Inglehart, R. (2013). Gendering social capital. Gender and social capital, 73, 34-45.
50. Ntamazeze, J. (2013). Trust and Development: Rotating Savings and Credits Associations in Rwanda: 5th European Conference on African studies. ISCTE-IUL: Lisbon, 1-35.
51. Ojong, N. (2019). Informal borrowing sources and uses: insights from the North West Region, Cameroon. Third World Quarterly, 40 (9), 1730-1749.
52. Ribaj, A. & Mexhuani, F. (2021). The impact of savings on economic growth in a developing country (the case of Kosovo). Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 10 (1), 1-13.
53. Sajuyigbe, A. S. (2017). Influence of financial inclusion and social inclusion on the performance of women-owned businesses in Lagos state, Nigeria. Scholedge International Journal of Management & Development, 4 (3), 18-27.
54. Sambe, N., Korna, J. M. & Abanyam, N. L. (2013). The effects of informal financial institutions on the socio-economic development of Adikpo Town. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4 (15), 75-82.
55. Smets, P. (2000). ROSCAs as a source of housing finance for the urban poor: an analysis of self-help practices from hyderabad, India. Community Development Journal, 35(1), 16-30.
56. Smith, W. & Chimucheka, T. (2014). Entrepreneurship, economic growth and entrepreneurship theories. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5 (14), 160-160.
57. Umejiaku, R. I. (2020). Access to Credit on the Growth of Women Entrepreneurs in Jos, Plateau State: The Influence of Financial Support Services. International Journal of Social Sciences and Economic Review, 2 (1), 24-34.
58. Westlund, H. (2011). Handbook of social capital: The troika of sociology, political science and economics–Edited by Gert Tinggaard Svendsen and Gunnar Lind Haase Svendsen. Papers in Regional Science, 90 (1), 240-241.
59. Wheadon, M. & Duval-Couetil, N. (2019). Token entrepreneurs: A review of gender, capital, and context in technology entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 31 (3-4), 308-336.
60. Wilburn, K. (2009). A model for partnering with not-for-profits to develop socially responsible businesses in a global environment. Journal of Business Ethics, 85 (1), 111-120.
61. World Bank (2021). Female Entrepreneurship Resource Point - Introduction and Module 1: Why Gender Matters. Retrieved Nov 25, 2021, from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/gender/publication/female-entrepreneurship-resource-point-introduction-and-module-1-why-gender-matters.
2. Abdul-Yakeen, M. A. (2012). An empirical study of the contributions of rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAS) to economic development of Ilorin Metropolis. European Scientific Journal, 8 (19), 267-284.
3. Adamoniene, R. & Astromskien, E. A. (2010). The influence of motives on the tendencies of business philanthropy. Economics and management, 15, 337–342.
4. Adams, M., Makramalla, M. & Miron, W. (2014). Down the rabbit hole: How structural hole in entrepreneurs’ social networks impact early venture growth. Technology, innovation and management review, 4 (9), 19–27.
5. Aldrich, H. & Dubini, P. (1991). Personal and extended networks are central to the entrepreneurial process. Journal of business venturing, 6 (5), 305-313.
6. Allen, C. M. (2019). Market acceptance of a Murabaha-based finance structure within a social network of non-islamic small and medium enterprise owners in African procurement. International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 13(4), 429-434.
7. Allen, H. (2006). Village Savings and Credit Associations–Sustainable and cost-effective rural finance: Small enterprise development, 17(1), 16–68.
8. Al-Zoubi, M. O. (2016). The entrepreneurial process networks as a new theoretical framework for understanding and analyzing the practice of creating a new business venture. Journal of Management Research, 8(3), 60-75.
9. Amador-Ruiz, J. P. & Briones-Peñalver, A. J. (2017). Study of the female entrepreneurship: An empirical evidence in the municipality of León in Nicaragua. Tourism & Management Studies, 13(3), 73-82.
10. Ambepitiya, K. R. (2016). The role of women entrepreneurs in establishing sustainable development in developing nations. World Review of Business Research, 6 (1), 161-178.
11. Ardener, S. (2014). Credit unions and money clubs (ROSCAs) (Respond to this article at http://www. therai. org. uk/at/debate). Anthropology today, 30 (4), 3-6.
12. Azman, N. H. N. & Kassim, S. (2019). Sustainable development of women micro-entrepreneurs in Malaysia: factors affecting adoption of rotating savings and credit association (ROSCAs). In 1st aceh global conference (AGC 2018), 382-388.
13. Bophela, M. J. & Khumalo, N. (2019). The role of stokvels in South Africa: a case of economic transformation of a municipality. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 17(4), 26.
14. Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education. New York: Greenwood, 241–258.
15. Bruhn, M. & Love, I. (2014). The real impact of improved access to finance: Evidence from Mexico. The Journal of Finance, 69 (3), 1347-1376.
16. Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
17. Cheruiyot, P. K., Cheruiyot, J. K. & Yegon, C. K. (2016). A study on operations and impact of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations: Case of middle income earners in Embakasi Nairobi, Kenya. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, ISSN 2348 0386 4 (5), 871-897.
18. Chepkwony, K., Bett, H. & Sibiko, K. W. (2019). Determinants of table banking loan utilization among micro agri-enterprises owners in Bomet county, Kenya. International Journal of Current Aspects, 3(2), 145-158.
19. Chibundu, S. N. (2016). Women entrepreneurs ’access to microfinance bank credit in imo State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Agricultural Research, 4 (1), 9-17.
20. Chinomona, E. & Maziriri, E. T. (2015). Women in action: Challenges facing women entrepreneurs in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER), 14 (6), 835-850.
21. Churchill, S. A., Danso, J. K. & Appau, S. (2016). Microcredit and poverty reduction in Bangladesh: average effects beyond publication bias. Enterprise Development and Microfinance, 27(3), 204-218.
22. Deborah, A. E., Wilhelmina, S., Oyelana, A. A. & Ibrahim, S. I. (2015). Challenges faced by women entrepreneurs and strategies adopted by women entrepreneurs to ensure small business success in Nkonkobe Municipality, South Africa. Journal of Economics, 6 (1), 37-49.
23. Dzapasi, Y. (2020). Determinants of women entrepreneurship success in Zimbabwe. A case study of Harare metropolitan province. Journal of entrepreneurial innovations, 1 (1), 37-37.
24. Fatoki, O. O. (2011). The impact of human, social and financial capital on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in south Africa. Journal of Social Sciences, 29 (3), 193-204.
25. FINSCOPE (2016). Financial inclusion in Rwanda 2016. Retrieved Nov 21, 2021,from https://www.mfw4a.org/sites/default/files/resources/FinScope_Rwanda_2016_Report.
26. Ganjeh, Y. M., Khani, N. & Tabriz, A. A. (2020). The relationship between networking capability and commercialisation performance by considering the role of dimensions of network structure. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 22(1), 47-68.
27. Greve, A. & Salaff, J. W. (2003). Social networks and entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 28 (1), 1-22.
28. Greyling, T. & Rossouw, S. (2019). Access to micro-and informal loans: Evaluating the impact on the quality of life of poor females in South Africa. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 22 (1), 1-14.
29. Gugerty, M. K. (2007). You can’t save alone: commitment in rotating savings and credit associations in Kenya. Economic development and cultural change, 55 (2), 251-282.
30. ILO (2015). The importance of informal finance in promoting decent work among informal operators: A comparative study of Uganda and India. Working paper No 66, 5-55
31. Karanja, P. & Bwisa, H. M. (2013). Factors that influence entrepreneurial success among women groups: A Case study of Makuyu Division. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(1), 33.
32. Kaur, H. & Bains, A. (2013). Understanding the concept of entrepreneur competency. Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Research, 2(11), 31-33.
33. Kharisma, B. (2018). The Determinant of participation in the Social Activities: Case in Indonesia. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 7 (2), 185-200.
34. Leyden, D., Link, A. & Siegel, D. S. (2014). A theoretical analysis of the role of social networks in entrepreneurship. Research Policy, 43, 1157-1163.
35. Li, X., Gan, C. & Hu, B. (2011). The welfare impact of microcredit on rural households in China. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 40 (4), 404-411.
36. Loscocco, K., Monnat, S. M., Moore, G. & Lauber, K. B. (2009). Enterprising women: A comparison of women's and men's small business networks. Gender & society, 23 (3), 388-411.
37. Loubere, N. & Shen, Q. (2018). The policy and practice of microcredit in rural China: toward a relational understanding of heterogeneous implementation. Modern China, 44(4), 418-452.
38. Madestam, A. (2014). Informal finance: A theory of moneylenders. Journalof Development Economics, 107, 157-174.
39. Mair, J. & Marti, I. (2009). Entrepreneurship in and around institutional voids: A case study from Bangladesh. Journal of business venturing, 24 (5), 419-435.
40. Manerkar, G. (2015). Women Entrepreneurs in Goa: Issues and challenges. Indian Streams Research Journal, 4(12), 1-8.
41. Marti, I. & Mair, J. (2009). Bringing change into the lives of the poor: Entrepreneurship outside traditional boundaries. Institutional work: Actors and agency in institutional studies of organizations, 92-119.
42. Mbizi, R. & Gwangwava, E. (2013). Rotating savings and credit associations: An alternative funding for sustainable micro enterprise-case of Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 15 (7), 181-194.
43. Megiso, T. (2018). The Role of Saving and Credit Cooperatives in Improving Rural Micro Financing: The Case of Bench Maji, Kaffa, Shaka Zones. World Journal of Business and Management, 4, 30-50.
44. Melania, D. & Justin, K. U. (2015).The contribution of SACCOs societies to income poverty alleviation: A case study of Mbozi district, Tanzania. Journal of African Studies and development, 7 (4), 99-111.
45. Moreno, J. L. (1937). Sociometry in relation to other social sciences. Sociometry, 1 (1/2), 206-219.
46. Mulu, M., Wanga, O. & Olubandwa, A. (2015). Female Entrepreneurship in Kenya: How do Female Micro-Entrepreneurs Learn to be Entrepreneurial. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 3(3), 265-274.
47. Mumanyi, E. A. L. (2014). Challenges and opportunities facing SACCOs in the current devolved system of government of Kenya: A case study of Mombasa County. International Journal of Social Sciences and Entrepreneurship, 1(9), 288-314.
48. Ncube, R. & Chirisa, I. (2019). Female Entrepreneurship in Africa: An Inquiry Into the Influence of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations on Business Growth. In handbook of research on women in management and the labor market. IGI Global, 259-279.
49. Norris, P. & Inglehart, R. (2013). Gendering social capital. Gender and social capital, 73, 34-45.
50. Ntamazeze, J. (2013). Trust and Development: Rotating Savings and Credits Associations in Rwanda: 5th European Conference on African studies. ISCTE-IUL: Lisbon, 1-35.
51. Ojong, N. (2019). Informal borrowing sources and uses: insights from the North West Region, Cameroon. Third World Quarterly, 40 (9), 1730-1749.
52. Ribaj, A. & Mexhuani, F. (2021). The impact of savings on economic growth in a developing country (the case of Kosovo). Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 10 (1), 1-13.
53. Sajuyigbe, A. S. (2017). Influence of financial inclusion and social inclusion on the performance of women-owned businesses in Lagos state, Nigeria. Scholedge International Journal of Management & Development, 4 (3), 18-27.
54. Sambe, N., Korna, J. M. & Abanyam, N. L. (2013). The effects of informal financial institutions on the socio-economic development of Adikpo Town. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4 (15), 75-82.
55. Smets, P. (2000). ROSCAs as a source of housing finance for the urban poor: an analysis of self-help practices from hyderabad, India. Community Development Journal, 35(1), 16-30.
56. Smith, W. & Chimucheka, T. (2014). Entrepreneurship, economic growth and entrepreneurship theories. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5 (14), 160-160.
57. Umejiaku, R. I. (2020). Access to Credit on the Growth of Women Entrepreneurs in Jos, Plateau State: The Influence of Financial Support Services. International Journal of Social Sciences and Economic Review, 2 (1), 24-34.
58. Westlund, H. (2011). Handbook of social capital: The troika of sociology, political science and economics–Edited by Gert Tinggaard Svendsen and Gunnar Lind Haase Svendsen. Papers in Regional Science, 90 (1), 240-241.
59. Wheadon, M. & Duval-Couetil, N. (2019). Token entrepreneurs: A review of gender, capital, and context in technology entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 31 (3-4), 308-336.
60. Wilburn, K. (2009). A model for partnering with not-for-profits to develop socially responsible businesses in a global environment. Journal of Business Ethics, 85 (1), 111-120.
61. World Bank (2021). Female Entrepreneurship Resource Point - Introduction and Module 1: Why Gender Matters. Retrieved Nov 25, 2021, from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/gender/publication/female-entrepreneurship-resource-point-introduction-and-module-1-why-gender-matters.
Published
2022-07-31
How to Cite
Niyonsaba, B., Adenikinju, A., & Ntoiti, M. (2022). Rotating and Accumulating Savings and Credit Associations as Effective Tool for Enhancing the Women Entrepreneurship. A Theoretical Review. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 18(22), 141. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n22p141
Section
ESJ Social Sciences
Copyright (c) 2022 Benjamin Niyonsaba, Adeola Adenikinju, Mutuma Ntoiti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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