Identity - an Influential Factor in Modernization of Healthcare Systems in Hungary and Serbia
Keywords:
Healthcare management, leadership, Hungarian, identity, modernization, healthcare systems
Abstract
The changing word and its economic trends are demanding adjustments in healthcare systems. The modernization of the healthcare appeared as global requirement, in connection with numerous changes in healthcare sector, including the financing and providing funds for unallayed services. Also, one of the crucial elements of the modernization is the development of the healthcare leadership and introducing elements of the shared leadership, in order to create an organizational culture, which can comply with the global changes resulting to economic and business transformations. Belonging to groups, families, and communities can empower leaders and increase commitment towards belonging. Through cultural humility, leaders are able to recognise and understand their own cultural self-identity and how this affects their leadership style. In this paper, the authors recognise that everyone has unique traditions, values, and beliefs (ethnic identity, language, religion, community, family ties), that everyone is connected to others, and that this greatly influences their leadership decisions. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the research, the authors aim to present a literature review of past research on identity as a factor influencing the modernization of healthcare (and leadership) in both Hungary and Serbia. Though there is a recognized need, opportunities for healthcare leadership development are limited both in Hungary and Serbia, including important limiting factors such as the fact that leaders are still sceptical about modern business and management elements in the healthcare sector. The ideal solution would be the combination of the early and mid-to-late career development and the integration of both the organizational and leadership development. This paper focuses on describing the healthcare systems in the two countries and understanding the factors that need to be highlighted in terms of their modernisation, both in the system and in relation to healthcare leadership.
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References
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20. Ham, C. (2014). Reforming the NHS from within: beyond hierarchy, inspection and markets, King's Fund.
21. Harrison, R., Leitch, C., & Mcadam, M. (2015). Breaking Glass: Toward a Gendered Analysis of Entrepreneurial Leadership. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(3), 693–713. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12180
22. Haslam, S. A., Adarves-Yorno, I., Postmes, T., & Jans, L. (2013). The Collective Origins of Valued Originality: A Social Identity Approach to Creativity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 17(4), 384–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868313498001
23. Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S.D., & Platow, M.J. (2020). The New Psychology of Leadership: Identity, Influence and Power (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351108232
24. Hogg Michael, A. (2001). A social identity theory of leadership. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 184–200. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0503_1.
25. Hogg, M. A., van Knippenberg, D., & Rast, D. E. (2012). The social identity theory of leadership: Theoretical origins, research findings, and conceptual developments. European Review of Social Psychology, 23(1), 258–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2012.741134
26. Jakovljevic, M. B. (2013). Resource allocation strategies in Southeastern European health policy. The European Journal of Health Economics, 14(2), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-012-0439-y
27. Lantos Zoltán (2010). A magyar egészségügy kész a megújulásra – Döntéshozói véleménytérkép a nemzetközi egészséggazdasági trend tükrében. IME -Az egészségügyi vezetők szaklapja 9(9), 5-8.
28. Lord Robert, G., David, V. D., Stephen, J.Z., Bruce, J., Avolio, A.H., & Eagly, A. H. (2017). Leadership in applied psychology: Three waves of theory and research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 434–451. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000089
29. Maas Cora, J. M., & Hox Joop, J. (2005). Sufficient Sample Sizes for Multilevel Modelling. Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for the Behavioural and Social Sciences, 1(3), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.1.3.86
30. Martinov-Cvejin Mirjana (2009). Predavanje - Organizacija zdravstvenih ustanova. Panevropski univerzitet Banja Luka.
31. McDougall, W. (1921). An introduction to social psychology, (14th ed.). John W Luce & Company.
32. Meindl, J.R. (1993). Reinventing leadership: A radical, social psychological approach. In J.K. Murnighan (Ed.), Social psychology in organizations: Advances in theory and research 89–118.
33. Mitrovic, M., & Gavrilovic, A. (2013). Organizacija i menadžment u zdravstvu Srbije, FBIM Transaction, 1 (2): 145 – 158
34. Papadopoulos, I., Runa, L., Koulouglioti, C., Aagard, M., Akman, Ö., Alpers, LM., Apostolara, P., Araneda Bernal, J., Biglete-Pangilinan, S., Eldar-Regev, O., González-Gil, MT., Kouta, C., Krepinska, R., Lesińska-Sawicka, M., Liskova, M., Lopez-Diaz, AL., Malliarou, M., Martín-García, Á., Muñoz-Salinas, M., Nagórska, M., Ngunyulu, RN., Nissim, S., Nortvedt, L., Oconer-Rubiano, MF., Oter-Quintana, C., Öztürk, C., Papp, K., Piratoba-Hernandez, B., Rousou, E., Tolentino-Diaz, MY., Tothova, V., & Zorba, A. (2020). Obstacles to compassion-giving among nursing and midwifery managers: an international study. Int Nurs Rev. 67(4):453-465. doi: 10.1111/inr.12611.
35. Pears, I. (1994). The Gentleman and the Hero: Wellington and Napoleon in the Nineteenth Century', in Myths of the English, (Eds.), Roy Porter, Cambridge: Polity Press. 216.p.
36. Santric-Milicevic, M., Matejic, B., Terzic-Supic, Z., Vasic, V., Babic, U., & Vukovic, V. (2015). Determinants of intention to work abroad of college and specialist nursing graduates in Serbia. Nurse Education Today, 35(4), 590–596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.12.022
37. Stevens, M., Rees, T., Coffee, P., Haslam, S. A., Steffens, N. K., & Polman, R. (2018). Leaders promote attendance in sport and exercise sessions by fostering social identity. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(9), 2100–2108. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13217
38. Szócska Miklós, K., János, M., Réthelyi, Charles Normand: Managing healthcare reform in Hungary: challenges and opportunities, BMJ 331. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7510.231
39. Tajfel Henri & Turner John (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin, & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations. 33-37.
40. The Healthcare IT System in Eastern Europe, Serbia (2008). Imaging Management 3(5): 40-46
41. Thompson John, M. (2007). Health Services Administration, In S. Chisolm (Ed.), The Health Professions: Trends and Opportunities in U.S. Health Care, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 357-372.
42. Turner John, C., Hogg Michael, A., Oakes Penelope, J., Reicher Stephen, D., & Wetherell Margaret, S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Basil Blackwell.
43. West Michael, A. (2013). Creating a culture of high-quality care in health services. Global Economics and Management Review, 18 (2), 40-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2340-1540(13)70007-0
44. West Michael, A. (2015). Leadership and leadership development in health care: the evidence base. FMLM, Centre for Creative Leadership, The King's Fund. 36.p.
45. Worchel Stephen, Rothgerber Hank, Day Eric Anthony, Hart Darren, & Butemeyer John (1998). Social identity and individual productivity within groups. British Journal of Social Psychology, 37(4), 389–413. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1998.tb01181.x
2. Aleksic, J., Stevanovic, I., & Gajic-Stevanovic, M. (2014). The role of managers in improving the health care system in Serbia. Serbian Dental Journal, 61(3), 142–148. https://doi.org/10.2298/sgs1403142a
3. Augoustinos, M., & de Garis, S. (2012). ‘Too black or not black enough’: Social identity complexity in the political rhetoric of Barack Obama. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42(5), 564–577. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.1868
4. Baker, R. G. (2001). Healthcare Managers in the Complex World of Healthcare. Frontiers of Health Services Management, 18(2), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1097/01974520-200110000-00005
5. Barreto, N. B., & Hogg, M. A. (2017). Evaluation of and support for group prototypical leaders: a meta-analysis of twenty years of empirical research. Social Influence, 12(1), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2017.1316771
6. Bennis Warren, G. (1995). An invented life: Reflections on leadership and change. Long Range Planning, 28(6), 121. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(95)91179-0
7. Bezrukova, K., Thatcher, S. M. B., Jehn, K. A., & Spell, C. S. (2012). The effects of alignments: Examining group faultlines, organizational cultures, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(1), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023684
8. Bjegovic-Mikanovic, V., Vasic, M., Vukovic, D., Jankovic, J., Jovic-Vranes, A., Santric-Milicevic, M., Terzic-Supic, Z., & Hernández-Quevedo, C. (2019). Serbia: Health system review. Health Systems in Transition, WHO Regional Office for Europe 21(3): i-211. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331644/HiT-21-3-2019-eng.pdf
9. Boyatzis, R. E. (1982). The Competent Manager: A Model for Effective Performance (1st ed.). Wiley.
10. Brien Dr. Stephen, Swalem, B., & MacDowall, A. (2019). Central and Eastern Europe Prosperity Report, The Lived Experience, Legatum Institute. https://li.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/2019-Central-and-Eastern-Europe-Prosperity-Report.pdf
11. Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., & Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 36–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.005
12. Drath, W. H., McCauley, C. D., Palus, C. J., van Velsor, E., O’Connor, P. M., & McGuire, J. B. (2008). Direction, alignment, commitment: Toward a more integrative ontology of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(6), 635–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.09.003
13. Ellemers, N., de Gilder, D., & Haslam, S. A. (2004). Motivating Individuals and Groups at Work: A Social Identity Perspective on Leadership and Group Performance. The Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 459-478. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159054
14. Finkelstein, S., Hambrick, D. C., & Cannella, B. (2009). Strategic Leadership. Strategic Leadership: Theory and Research on Executives, Top Management Teams, and Boards. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162073.001.0001
15. Freedman, L. P. (2005). Achieving the MDGs: Health systems as core social institutions. Development, 48(1), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100107
16. Gacevic, M., Santric Milicevic, M., Vasic, M., Horozovic, V., Milicevic, M., & Milic, N. (2018). The relationship between dual practice, intention to work abroad and job satisfaction: A population-based study in the Serbian public healthcare sector. Health Policy, 122(10), 1132–1139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.09.004
17. Gajic-Stevanovic, M., Aleksic, J., Stojanovic, N., & Zivkovic, S. (2014). Health care system of the Republic of Serbia in the period 2004–2012. Serbian Dental Journal, 61(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.2298/sgs1401036g
18. Gemmill, G. & Oakley, J. (1992). Leadership: An Alienating Social Myth? Human Relations 45(2), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679204500201
19. Granel, N., Manresa-Domínguez, J. M., Barth, A., Papp, K., & Bernabeu-Tamayo, M. D. (2019). Patient safety culture in Hungarian hospitals. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 32(2), 412–424. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-02-2018-0048
20. Ham, C. (2014). Reforming the NHS from within: beyond hierarchy, inspection and markets, King's Fund.
21. Harrison, R., Leitch, C., & Mcadam, M. (2015). Breaking Glass: Toward a Gendered Analysis of Entrepreneurial Leadership. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(3), 693–713. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12180
22. Haslam, S. A., Adarves-Yorno, I., Postmes, T., & Jans, L. (2013). The Collective Origins of Valued Originality: A Social Identity Approach to Creativity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 17(4), 384–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868313498001
23. Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S.D., & Platow, M.J. (2020). The New Psychology of Leadership: Identity, Influence and Power (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351108232
24. Hogg Michael, A. (2001). A social identity theory of leadership. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 184–200. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0503_1.
25. Hogg, M. A., van Knippenberg, D., & Rast, D. E. (2012). The social identity theory of leadership: Theoretical origins, research findings, and conceptual developments. European Review of Social Psychology, 23(1), 258–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2012.741134
26. Jakovljevic, M. B. (2013). Resource allocation strategies in Southeastern European health policy. The European Journal of Health Economics, 14(2), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-012-0439-y
27. Lantos Zoltán (2010). A magyar egészségügy kész a megújulásra – Döntéshozói véleménytérkép a nemzetközi egészséggazdasági trend tükrében. IME -Az egészségügyi vezetők szaklapja 9(9), 5-8.
28. Lord Robert, G., David, V. D., Stephen, J.Z., Bruce, J., Avolio, A.H., & Eagly, A. H. (2017). Leadership in applied psychology: Three waves of theory and research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 434–451. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000089
29. Maas Cora, J. M., & Hox Joop, J. (2005). Sufficient Sample Sizes for Multilevel Modelling. Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for the Behavioural and Social Sciences, 1(3), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.1.3.86
30. Martinov-Cvejin Mirjana (2009). Predavanje - Organizacija zdravstvenih ustanova. Panevropski univerzitet Banja Luka.
31. McDougall, W. (1921). An introduction to social psychology, (14th ed.). John W Luce & Company.
32. Meindl, J.R. (1993). Reinventing leadership: A radical, social psychological approach. In J.K. Murnighan (Ed.), Social psychology in organizations: Advances in theory and research 89–118.
33. Mitrovic, M., & Gavrilovic, A. (2013). Organizacija i menadžment u zdravstvu Srbije, FBIM Transaction, 1 (2): 145 – 158
34. Papadopoulos, I., Runa, L., Koulouglioti, C., Aagard, M., Akman, Ö., Alpers, LM., Apostolara, P., Araneda Bernal, J., Biglete-Pangilinan, S., Eldar-Regev, O., González-Gil, MT., Kouta, C., Krepinska, R., Lesińska-Sawicka, M., Liskova, M., Lopez-Diaz, AL., Malliarou, M., Martín-García, Á., Muñoz-Salinas, M., Nagórska, M., Ngunyulu, RN., Nissim, S., Nortvedt, L., Oconer-Rubiano, MF., Oter-Quintana, C., Öztürk, C., Papp, K., Piratoba-Hernandez, B., Rousou, E., Tolentino-Diaz, MY., Tothova, V., & Zorba, A. (2020). Obstacles to compassion-giving among nursing and midwifery managers: an international study. Int Nurs Rev. 67(4):453-465. doi: 10.1111/inr.12611.
35. Pears, I. (1994). The Gentleman and the Hero: Wellington and Napoleon in the Nineteenth Century', in Myths of the English, (Eds.), Roy Porter, Cambridge: Polity Press. 216.p.
36. Santric-Milicevic, M., Matejic, B., Terzic-Supic, Z., Vasic, V., Babic, U., & Vukovic, V. (2015). Determinants of intention to work abroad of college and specialist nursing graduates in Serbia. Nurse Education Today, 35(4), 590–596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.12.022
37. Stevens, M., Rees, T., Coffee, P., Haslam, S. A., Steffens, N. K., & Polman, R. (2018). Leaders promote attendance in sport and exercise sessions by fostering social identity. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(9), 2100–2108. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13217
38. Szócska Miklós, K., János, M., Réthelyi, Charles Normand: Managing healthcare reform in Hungary: challenges and opportunities, BMJ 331. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7510.231
39. Tajfel Henri & Turner John (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin, & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations. 33-37.
40. The Healthcare IT System in Eastern Europe, Serbia (2008). Imaging Management 3(5): 40-46
41. Thompson John, M. (2007). Health Services Administration, In S. Chisolm (Ed.), The Health Professions: Trends and Opportunities in U.S. Health Care, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 357-372.
42. Turner John, C., Hogg Michael, A., Oakes Penelope, J., Reicher Stephen, D., & Wetherell Margaret, S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Basil Blackwell.
43. West Michael, A. (2013). Creating a culture of high-quality care in health services. Global Economics and Management Review, 18 (2), 40-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2340-1540(13)70007-0
44. West Michael, A. (2015). Leadership and leadership development in health care: the evidence base. FMLM, Centre for Creative Leadership, The King's Fund. 36.p.
45. Worchel Stephen, Rothgerber Hank, Day Eric Anthony, Hart Darren, & Butemeyer John (1998). Social identity and individual productivity within groups. British Journal of Social Psychology, 37(4), 389–413. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1998.tb01181.x
Published
2022-07-31
How to Cite
Kocsicska, I., & Varga-Kocsicska, A. (2022). Identity - an Influential Factor in Modernization of Healthcare Systems in Hungary and Serbia. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 18(22), 312. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n22p312
Section
ESJ Social Sciences
Copyright (c) 2022 Ivana Kocsicska, Aleksandra Varga-Kocsicska
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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