Los Disruptores Endocrinos Como Obesógenos Ambientales: Efectos en Proteínas Adipogénicas Clave
Keywords:
EDC, obesogen, adipogenesis, PPARγ, endocrine disruptor
Abstract
Los disruptores endocrinos (EDC) son compuestos químicos exógenos de origen sintético o natural que interfieren en las funciones hormonales. Se estima que más de 1000 compuestos químicos presentes en el medio ambiente poseen una posible actividad disruptora. La exposición a EDC se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de múltiples enfermedades como la obesidad. Los obesógenos son compuestos químicos xenobióticos que regulan y promueven inadecuadamente la acumulación de lípidos y la adipogénesis. La adipogénesis es el proceso mediante el cual las células progenitoras similares a fibroblastos restringen su destino a las células adipogénicas, acumulan nutrientes y se convierten en adipocitos maduros. Para conocer las principales evidencias científicas de la última década sobre los efectos obesogénicos de los EDC, se realizó una búsqueda en la literatura empleando las plataformas Scopus y Pubmed. El análisis arrojó 60 artículos originales de los cuales 24 fueron seleccionados por brindar información sobre proteínas adipogénicas clave. Los datos muestran que los EDC como los compuestos de organoestaño, ftalatos y bisfenoles estimulan vías de señalización adipogénicas clave mediadas por el receptor activado por el proliferador de peroxisomas-γ y la CCAAT/proteína de unión al potenciador-α, factores similares a krüppel y receptores de hormonas tiroideas, estrógeno y glucocorticoides; en relación a factores como el tipo, la concentración y el período de exposición al disruptor. Además, sus efectos podrían ser potenciados por la presencia de una dieta alta en grasas o una mezcla de diferentes tipos de EDC. En conclusión, los EDC inducen efectos obesogénicos a través de la estimulación de vías de señalización adipogénicas; y se requieren más estudios para comprender los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a los efectos de los EDC para determinar su relevancia fisiológica y promover aún más su regulación en la industria.
Endocrine disruptors (EDC) are exogenous chemical compounds of synthetic or natural origin which interfere with hormonal functions. It is estimated that more than 1000 chemical compounds present in the enviroment have possible disruptive activity. Exposure to endocrine disruptors has been linked to the development of multiple diseases such as obesity. Obesogens are xenobiotic chemical compounds that inappropriately regulate and promote lipid accumulation and adipogenesis. Adipogenesis is the process by which fibroblast-like progenitor cells restrict their fate to adipogenic cells, accumulate nutrients, and develop into mature adipocytes. To know the main scientific evidence from the last decade regarding the obesogenic effects of EDC, a literature research was conducted using Scopus and Pubmed platforms. The analysis showed 60 original articles from which 24 were selected for providing information on key adipogenic proteins. Data shows that EDC such as organotin compounds, phthalates and bisphenols stimulate key adipogenic signaling pathways mediated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-α, krüppel like factors, and thyroid, estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors; in relation to factors like type, concentration and period of exposure to the disruptor. Furthermore, their effects could be potentiated by the presence of a high fat diet or a mix of diferent types of EDC. In conclusion, EDC induce obesogenic effects through the stimulation of adipogenic signaling pathways; in addition, more studies are required to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie EDC effects to determine their physiological relevance, and to further promote their regulation in the industry.
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Published
2022-08-31
How to Cite
Guerrero-Meza, F., Vega-Morales, P., Rubio, V., Vergara-Castañeda, H., Sánchez-Tusie, A., Ahumada-Solórzano, M., Solis-Sáinz, J. C., & Hernández-Puga, G. (2022). Los Disruptores Endocrinos Como Obesógenos Ambientales: Efectos en Proteínas Adipogénicas Clave. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 18(27), 77. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n27p77
Section
ESJ Natural/Life/Medical Sciences
Copyright (c) 2022 Fernando Guerrero-Meza, Paulina Vega-Morales, Vianey Rubio, Haydé Vergara-Castañeda, Ana Sánchez-Tusie, Juan Carlos Solis-Sáinz, Gabriela Hernández-Puga, Marisela Ahumada-Solórzano
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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