Effectiveness of Neem Oil and Jatropha Oil in Controlling Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) on Maize in the Republic of Chad
Keywords:
Fall armyworm, Zea mays, Azadirachta indica, Jatropha curcas, biopesticides, sustainable pest management
Abstract
Upon the evidence of its invasion in Chad in 2018, Spodoptera frugiperda has become a serious threat to maize production, thereby prompting farmers to a massive use of chemical pesticides to reduce its damage. However, given the adverse negative effects of chemical pesticides on human health and the environment, alternatives to chemical control are highly sought. In that respect, the effectiveness of Neem oil and Jatropha oil, two bio pesticides widely acknowledged for their insecticidal properties, was evaluated in the field in comparison with the chemical insecticide, Emamectin benzoate, in a Fisher Blocks design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. The mean larval density per 25 plants was significantly the lowest (P < 0.0001) on Emamectin benzoate-treated plants(1.13 ± 0.70), followed by Jatropha oil (6.13 ± 0.87) and Neem oil treatments (7.13 ± 0.80) while the highest density was recorded on the untreated plants (12.31 ± 0.87). Similarly, the infestation rates were significantly lower on plots that received the chemical insecticide or the bio pesticides compared to the control plots (P < 0.0001). Foliar and ear damage scores were also significantly lower on the treated than on the control plots (P < 0.0001); and the number of ears attacked was significantly higher on the untreated control than on the other treatments. Maize grain yields were significantly higher in the treated plots compared to the control plots (P < 0.001). Yield gains over the control were 132.57%, 90.91% and 72.73% respectively for Emamectin benzoate, Jatropha oil and Neem oil treatments. It appears, therefore, that the use of Jatropha oil or Neem oil could significantly contribute to an effective and sustainable management of S. frugiperda on maize in Chad, thereby calling for the need for further investigations in that area in the frame of integrated pest management of this pest.
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References
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6. Aniwanou, C.T., Sinzogan, A.A., Deguenon, J.M., Sikirou, R., Stewart, D.A., Ahanchede, A., 2021. Bio-Efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth, Household Soaps, and Neem Oil against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Benin. Insects 12, 18.
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15. Diabaté, D., Gnago, J.A., Tano, Y., 2014. Toxicity, antifeedant and repellent effect of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) and Jatropha carcus L. aqueous extracts against Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research 4, 51–60.
16. Dileep Kumar, N.T., Murali Mohan, K., 2021. Variations in the susceptibility of Indian populations of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to selected insecticides. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 1–6.
17. Dono, D., Hidayat, Y., Suganda, T., Hidayat, S., Widayani, N.S., 2020. The toxicity of neem (Azadirachta indica), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), castor (Ricinus communis), and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil against Spodoptera frugiperda. CROPSAVER-Journal of Plant Protection 3, 22–30.
18. Erler, F., Cetin, H., Saribasak, H., Serttas, A., 2010. Laboratory and field evaluations of some botanical pesticides against the cedar leaf moth, Acleris undulana. Journal of Pest Science 83, 265–272.
19. FAO, 2018. Présence de la chenille légionnaire d’automne au Tchad : la FAO appuie une initiative d’urgence de clarification [WWW Document]. URL http://www.fao.org/africa/news/detail-news/fr/c/1105351/ (accessed 12.20.21).
20. Insanu, M., Dimaki, C., Wilkins, R., Brooker, J., van der Linde, P., Kayser, O., 2013. Rational use of Jatropha curcas L. in food and medicine: from toxicity problems to safe applications. Phytochemistry reviews 12, 107–119.
21. Isman, M.B., 1999. Neem and related natural products, in: Biopesticides: Use and Delivery. Springer, pp. 139–153.
22. Jansson, R.K., Dybas, R.A., 1998. Avermectins: biochemical mode of action, biological activity and agricultural importance, in: Insecticides with Novel Modes of Action. Springer, pp. 152–170.
23. Kammo, E.Q., Suh, C., Mbong, G.A., Djomo, S.H., Chimi, N.L.L., Mbeungang, D.L., Mafouasson, H., Meseka, S., Menkir, A., 2019. Biological versus chemical control of fall armyworm and Lepidoptera stem borers of maize (Zea mays). Agronomie Africaine 31, 187–198.
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25. Li, C.-Y., Devappa, R.K., Liu, J.-X., Lv, J.-M., Makkar, H.P.S., Becker, K., 2010. Toxicity of Jatropha curcas phorbol esters in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology 48, 620–625.
26. Mbaidiro, T.J., Alexis, O., Doyam Nodjasse, A., 2021. Effet de la durée du cycle de développement de quelques variétés de maïs sur leur susceptibilité à Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) en zone soudanienne du Tchad. Journal of Animal & Plant Science 49, 8856–8865. https://doi.org/10.35759.
27. Medina, P., Smagghe, G., Budia, F., Tirry, L., Vinuela, E., 2003. Toxicity and absorption of azadirachtin, diflubenzuron, pyriproxyfen, and tebufenozide after topical application in predatory larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Environmental Entomology 32, 196–203.Miresmailli, S., Isman, M.B., 2014. Botanical insecticides inspired by plant–herbivore chemical interactions. Trends in Plant Science 19, 29–35.
28. Mutua, J.M., Mutyambai, D.M., Asudi, G.O., Khamis, F., Niassy, S., Jalloh, A.A., Salifu, D., Magara, H.J.O., Calatayud, P.-A., Subramanian, S., 2022. Competitive plant-mediated and intraguild predation interactions of the invasive Spodoptera frugiperda and resident stemborers Busseola fusca and Chilo partellus in maize cropping systems in Kenya. Insects, 13, 790. https://doi.org/10.3390/ insects13090790.Nesseim, T.D.T., Fillet, M., Mergeai, G., Dieng, A., Hornick, J.-L., 2012. Principes toxiques, toxicité et technologie de détoxification de la graine de Jatropha curcas L. (synthèse bibliographique). Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement 16, 531–540.
29. Okumu, F.O., Knols, B.G., Fillinger, U., 2007. Larvicidal effects of a neem (Azadirachta indica) oil formulation on the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Malaria journal 6, 1–8.
30. Phambala, K., Tembo, Y., Kabambe, V.H., Stevenson, P.C., Belmain, S.R., 2020. Bioactivity of common pesticidal plants on fall armyworm larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda). Plants 9, 112.
31. Prasanna, B.M., Huesing, J.E., Eddy, R., Peschke, V.M., 2018. Fall armyworm in Africa: a guide for integrated pest management.
32. Rakshit, K.D., Darukeshwara, J., Raj, K.R., Narasimhamurthy, K., Saibaba, P., Bhagya, S., 2008. Toxicity studies of detoxified Jatropha meal (Jatropha curcas) in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46, 3621–3625.
33. Rwomushana, I., Bateman, M., Beale, T., Beseh, P., Cameron, K., Chiluba, M., Clottey, V., Davis, T., Day, R., Early, R., 2018. Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa. Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa.
34. Santos, W.L. dos, Freire, M. das G.M., Bogorni, P.C., Vendramim, J.D., Macedo, M.L.R., 2008. Effect of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of Talisia esculenta and Sapindus saponaria on fall armyworm. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 51, 373–383.
35. Shapiro, S.S., Wilk, M.B., 1965. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika 52, 591–611.
36. Silva, G.N., Faroni, L.R.A., Sousa, A.H., Freitas, R.S., 2012. Bioactivity of Jatropha curcas L. to insect pests of stored products. Journal of Stored Products Research 48, 111–113.
37. Silva, M.S., Broglio, S.M.F., Trindade, R.C.P., Ferrreira, E.S., Gomes, I.B., Micheletti, L.B., 2015. Toxicity and application of neem in fall armyworm. Comunicata Scientiae 6, 359–364.
38. Sisay, B., Tefera, T., Wakgari, M., Ayalew, G., Mendesil, E., 2019. The efficacy of selected synthetic insecticides and botanicals against fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in maize. Insects 10, 45.
39. Stevenson, P.C., Isman, M.B., Belmain, S.R., 2017. Pesticidal plants in Africa: a global vision of new biological control products from local uses. Industrial Crops and Products 110, 2–9.
40. Toepfer, S., Fallet, P., Kajuga, J., Bazagwira, D., Mukundwa, I.P., Szalai, M., Turlings, T.C., 2021. Streamlining leaf damage rating scales for the fall armyworm on maize. Journal of Pest Science 94, 1075–1089.
41. Ukpai, O.M., Ibediungha, B.N., Ehisianya, C.N., 2017. Potential of seed dusts of Jatropha curcas L., Thevetia peruviana (Pers.), and Piper guineense Schumach. against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky, 1855) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in storage of corn grain. Polish Journal of Entomology 86, 237.
42. Wang, L., Zhao, P., Zhang, F., Li, Y., Du, F., Pan, C., 2012. Dissipation and residue behavior of emamectin benzoate on apple and cabbage field application. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 78, 260–264.
43. Williamson, S., Ball, A., Pretty, J., 2008. Trends in pesticide use and drivers for safer pest management in four African countries. Crop Protection 27, 1327–1334.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2008.04.006
2. Adebowale, K.O., Adedire, C.O., 2006. Chemical composition and insecticidal properties of the underutilized Jatropha curcas seed oil. African Journal of Biotechnology 5, 901–906.
3. Adeye, A.T., Sikirou, R., Boukari, S., Aboudou, M., Amagnide, G., Idrissou, B.S., Drissou-Toure, M., Zocli, B., 2018. Protection de la culture de maïs contre Spodoptera frugiperda avec les insecticides Plantneem, Lambdace 25 EC et Viper 46 EC et réduction de pertes de rendement au Bénin. Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l’Université de Lomé 20, 53–65.
4. Agboyi, L.K., Mensah, S.A., Clottey, V.A., Beseh, P., Glikpo, R., Rwomushana, I., Day, R., Kenis, M., 2019. Evidence of leaf consumption rate decrease in fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, larvae parasitized by Coccygidium luteum. Insects 10, 410.
5. Ahissou, B.R., Sawadogo, W.M., Bokonon-Ganta, A.H., Somda, I., Kestemont, M.P., Verheggen, F.J., 2021. Baseline toxicity data of different insecticides against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and control failure likelihood estimation in Burkina Faso. African Entomology 29, 435–444.
6. Aniwanou, C.T., Sinzogan, A.A., Deguenon, J.M., Sikirou, R., Stewart, D.A., Ahanchede, A., 2021. Bio-Efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth, Household Soaps, and Neem Oil against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Benin. Insects 12, 18.
7. Bateman, M.L., Day, R.K., Luke, B., Edgington, S., Kuhlmann, U., Cock, M.J., 2018. Assessment of potential biopesticide options for managing fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Africa. Journal of applied entomology 142, 805–819.
8. Bonni, G., Houndete, T.A., Sekloka, E., Balle, R.A., Kpindou, O.D., 2020. Field and laboratory testing of new insecticides molecules against Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith, 1797) infesting maize in Benin. Issues in Biological Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research.
9. Bullangpoti, V., Wajnberg, E., Audant, P., Feyereisen, R., 2012. Antifeedant activity of Jatropha gossypifolia and Melia azedarach senescent leaf extracts on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their potential use as synergists. Pest Management Science 68, 1255–1264.
10. Cook, D.R., Leonard, B.R., Gore, J., 2004. Field and laboratory performance of novel insecticides against armyworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Florida Entomologist 87, 433–439.
11. CSP, 2018. Liste globale des pesticides autorisés par le Comité Sahélien de pesticides.
12. Deng, L., Chen, L., Guan, S., Liu, J., Liang, J., Li, X., Li, Z., 2020. Dissipation of emamectin benzoate residues in rice and rice-growing environments. Molecules 25, 483.
13. Deshmukh, S., Pavithra, H.B., Kalleshwaraswamy, C.M., Shivanna, B.K., Maruthi, M.S., Mota-Sanchez, D., 2020. Field efficacy of insecticides for management of invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize in India. Florida Entomologist 103, 221–227.
14. Devappa, R.K., Angulo-Escalante, M.A., Makkar, H.P., Becker, K., 2012. Potential of using phorbol esters as an insecticide against Spodoptera frugiperda. Industrial Crops and Products 38, 50–53.
15. Diabaté, D., Gnago, J.A., Tano, Y., 2014. Toxicity, antifeedant and repellent effect of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) and Jatropha carcus L. aqueous extracts against Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research 4, 51–60.
16. Dileep Kumar, N.T., Murali Mohan, K., 2021. Variations in the susceptibility of Indian populations of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to selected insecticides. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 1–6.
17. Dono, D., Hidayat, Y., Suganda, T., Hidayat, S., Widayani, N.S., 2020. The toxicity of neem (Azadirachta indica), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), castor (Ricinus communis), and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil against Spodoptera frugiperda. CROPSAVER-Journal of Plant Protection 3, 22–30.
18. Erler, F., Cetin, H., Saribasak, H., Serttas, A., 2010. Laboratory and field evaluations of some botanical pesticides against the cedar leaf moth, Acleris undulana. Journal of Pest Science 83, 265–272.
19. FAO, 2018. Présence de la chenille légionnaire d’automne au Tchad : la FAO appuie une initiative d’urgence de clarification [WWW Document]. URL http://www.fao.org/africa/news/detail-news/fr/c/1105351/ (accessed 12.20.21).
20. Insanu, M., Dimaki, C., Wilkins, R., Brooker, J., van der Linde, P., Kayser, O., 2013. Rational use of Jatropha curcas L. in food and medicine: from toxicity problems to safe applications. Phytochemistry reviews 12, 107–119.
21. Isman, M.B., 1999. Neem and related natural products, in: Biopesticides: Use and Delivery. Springer, pp. 139–153.
22. Jansson, R.K., Dybas, R.A., 1998. Avermectins: biochemical mode of action, biological activity and agricultural importance, in: Insecticides with Novel Modes of Action. Springer, pp. 152–170.
23. Kammo, E.Q., Suh, C., Mbong, G.A., Djomo, S.H., Chimi, N.L.L., Mbeungang, D.L., Mafouasson, H., Meseka, S., Menkir, A., 2019. Biological versus chemical control of fall armyworm and Lepidoptera stem borers of maize (Zea mays). Agronomie Africaine 31, 187–198.
24. Kishi, M., 2005. The health impacts of pesticides: what do we now know? The pesticide detox: towards a more sustainable agriculture 23–38.
25. Li, C.-Y., Devappa, R.K., Liu, J.-X., Lv, J.-M., Makkar, H.P.S., Becker, K., 2010. Toxicity of Jatropha curcas phorbol esters in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology 48, 620–625.
26. Mbaidiro, T.J., Alexis, O., Doyam Nodjasse, A., 2021. Effet de la durée du cycle de développement de quelques variétés de maïs sur leur susceptibilité à Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) en zone soudanienne du Tchad. Journal of Animal & Plant Science 49, 8856–8865. https://doi.org/10.35759.
27. Medina, P., Smagghe, G., Budia, F., Tirry, L., Vinuela, E., 2003. Toxicity and absorption of azadirachtin, diflubenzuron, pyriproxyfen, and tebufenozide after topical application in predatory larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Environmental Entomology 32, 196–203.Miresmailli, S., Isman, M.B., 2014. Botanical insecticides inspired by plant–herbivore chemical interactions. Trends in Plant Science 19, 29–35.
28. Mutua, J.M., Mutyambai, D.M., Asudi, G.O., Khamis, F., Niassy, S., Jalloh, A.A., Salifu, D., Magara, H.J.O., Calatayud, P.-A., Subramanian, S., 2022. Competitive plant-mediated and intraguild predation interactions of the invasive Spodoptera frugiperda and resident stemborers Busseola fusca and Chilo partellus in maize cropping systems in Kenya. Insects, 13, 790. https://doi.org/10.3390/ insects13090790.Nesseim, T.D.T., Fillet, M., Mergeai, G., Dieng, A., Hornick, J.-L., 2012. Principes toxiques, toxicité et technologie de détoxification de la graine de Jatropha curcas L. (synthèse bibliographique). Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement 16, 531–540.
29. Okumu, F.O., Knols, B.G., Fillinger, U., 2007. Larvicidal effects of a neem (Azadirachta indica) oil formulation on the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Malaria journal 6, 1–8.
30. Phambala, K., Tembo, Y., Kabambe, V.H., Stevenson, P.C., Belmain, S.R., 2020. Bioactivity of common pesticidal plants on fall armyworm larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda). Plants 9, 112.
31. Prasanna, B.M., Huesing, J.E., Eddy, R., Peschke, V.M., 2018. Fall armyworm in Africa: a guide for integrated pest management.
32. Rakshit, K.D., Darukeshwara, J., Raj, K.R., Narasimhamurthy, K., Saibaba, P., Bhagya, S., 2008. Toxicity studies of detoxified Jatropha meal (Jatropha curcas) in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46, 3621–3625.
33. Rwomushana, I., Bateman, M., Beale, T., Beseh, P., Cameron, K., Chiluba, M., Clottey, V., Davis, T., Day, R., Early, R., 2018. Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa. Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa.
34. Santos, W.L. dos, Freire, M. das G.M., Bogorni, P.C., Vendramim, J.D., Macedo, M.L.R., 2008. Effect of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of Talisia esculenta and Sapindus saponaria on fall armyworm. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 51, 373–383.
35. Shapiro, S.S., Wilk, M.B., 1965. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika 52, 591–611.
36. Silva, G.N., Faroni, L.R.A., Sousa, A.H., Freitas, R.S., 2012. Bioactivity of Jatropha curcas L. to insect pests of stored products. Journal of Stored Products Research 48, 111–113.
37. Silva, M.S., Broglio, S.M.F., Trindade, R.C.P., Ferrreira, E.S., Gomes, I.B., Micheletti, L.B., 2015. Toxicity and application of neem in fall armyworm. Comunicata Scientiae 6, 359–364.
38. Sisay, B., Tefera, T., Wakgari, M., Ayalew, G., Mendesil, E., 2019. The efficacy of selected synthetic insecticides and botanicals against fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in maize. Insects 10, 45.
39. Stevenson, P.C., Isman, M.B., Belmain, S.R., 2017. Pesticidal plants in Africa: a global vision of new biological control products from local uses. Industrial Crops and Products 110, 2–9.
40. Toepfer, S., Fallet, P., Kajuga, J., Bazagwira, D., Mukundwa, I.P., Szalai, M., Turlings, T.C., 2021. Streamlining leaf damage rating scales for the fall armyworm on maize. Journal of Pest Science 94, 1075–1089.
41. Ukpai, O.M., Ibediungha, B.N., Ehisianya, C.N., 2017. Potential of seed dusts of Jatropha curcas L., Thevetia peruviana (Pers.), and Piper guineense Schumach. against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky, 1855) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in storage of corn grain. Polish Journal of Entomology 86, 237.
42. Wang, L., Zhao, P., Zhang, F., Li, Y., Du, F., Pan, C., 2012. Dissipation and residue behavior of emamectin benzoate on apple and cabbage field application. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 78, 260–264.
43. Williamson, S., Ball, A., Pretty, J., 2008. Trends in pesticide use and drivers for safer pest management in four African countries. Crop Protection 27, 1327–1334.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2008.04.006
Published
2022-09-30
How to Cite
Josue, M. T., & Alexis, O. (2022). Effectiveness of Neem Oil and Jatropha Oil in Controlling Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) on Maize in the Republic of Chad. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 18(30), 223. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n30p223
Section
ESJ Natural/Life/Medical Sciences
Copyright (c) 2022 Mbaidiro Taambaijim’d Josue, Onzo Alexis
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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