Family Farming Systems in Northern Central Cameroon: Challenges and Prospects for Food Security
Keywords:
Food insecurity, family farming, agricultural methods, the unreliability of the climate
Abstract
If family farming is supported, it can serve as a foundation for growth and food security. One of Cameroon's biggest development challenges is still food insecurity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the situation and key determinants of food security in the northern forest-savanna transition zone of the Central Cameroon Region. To do this, 180 family farmers from Mbangassina, Ntui, Batchenga, and Obala participated in a survey and field observations (January-March 2020; March-May 2021, and July-September 2021). According to this survey and these findings, the useful agricultural area is 4.55 ± 0.21 hectares. Cocoa, yam, cassava, maize, plantain, sweet potato, and peanut are the principal crops mentioned. With a mixed workforce, the vast majority of agricultural work is performed manually (machetes, daba, etc). (Family and external). Seven significant challenges face family farming in these areas: poor market organization, bad road/track conditions, a lack of inputs, seasonal uncertainties/rainfall deficits, challenging access to irrigation, unstable land tenure, challenging access to credit, and challenging access to agricultural equipment. Each community faces unique challenges. The family agricultural industry, which these people rely on for their food security, needs to be saved to overcome these obstacles. According to the findings, expanding access to financial and commercial services will help agricultural operations in the study area increase food security. This will be in line with initiatives made by both governmental and non-governmental organizations to advance agricultural technologies as a way to address the issue of food insecurity.
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References
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3. Balasha, A. M., Murhula, B. B., & Munahua, D. M. (2019). Yard Farming in the City of Lubumbashi: Resident Perceptions of Home Gardens in Their Community. Journal of City and Development, 1(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.12691/jcd-1-1-8
4. Bocquet, G. (2000). Gumuchian H., Marois C., Fevre V., Initiation à la recherche en Géographie. Géocarrefour, 75(4), 346–346. https://www.persee.fr/doc/geoca_1627-4873_2000_num_75_4_2494
5. Boulaud, A.-L. (2014). Agriculture familiale au Cameroun, analyse comparée entre forêt et savane. Montpellier SupAgro. http://agritrop.cirad.fr/575610/1/document_575610.pdf
6. Branchet, P., Arpin-Pont, L., Piram, A., Boissery, P., Wong-Wah-Chung, P., & Doumenq, P. (2021). Pharmaceuticals in the marine environment: What are the present challenges in their monitoring? Science of The Total Environment, 766, 142644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142644
7. BUCREP/INS. (2005). BUCREP - 3ème RGPH. http://www.bucrep.cm/index.php/fr/recensements/3eme-rgph/20-3eme-rgph/presentation
8. Burke, M. B., Miguel, E., Satyanath, S., Dykema, J. A., & B.Lobell, D. (2009). Warming increases the risk of civil war in Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(49), 20670–20674. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0907998106
9. Cervantes-Godoy, D., & Dewbre, J. (2010). Economic Importance of Agriculture for Poverty Reduction. OECD, Directorate for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Working Papers.
10. Chimi, P. M., Mala, W. A., Fobane, J. L., Essouma, F. M., Ii, J. A. M., Funwi, F. P., & Bell, J. M. (2022). Climate change perception and local adaptation of natural resource management in a farming community of Cameroon: A case study. Environmental Challenges, 8, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2022.100539
11. Christensen, J. H., & Christensen, O. B. (2007). A summary of the PRUDENCE model projections of changes in European climate by the end of this century. Climatic Change, 81(1), 7–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9210-7
12. FAO. (2016). La situation mondiale de l’alimentation et l’agriculture (SOFA) (FAO). https://www.fao.org/documents/card/fr/c/3fe586ed-52e8-47d4-a2e4-1b4282f9a5d2/
13. FAO. (2021). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021 | FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/2021/en/
14. Fekede, G., Lemma, Z., & Jemal, Y. (2016). Determinants of farm household food security in Hawi Gudina district, West Hararghe zone, Oromia Regional National State, Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 8(2), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.5897/JAERD2014.0660
15. Ferraton, N., & Touzard, I. (2009). Comprendre l’agriculture familiale—Diagnosing production systems. Librairie Quae. https://www.quae.com/produit/34/9782759203406/comprendre-l-agriculture-familiale
16. Fréguin-Gresh, S., Cortes, G., Trousselle, A., Sourisseau, J.-M., & Guétat-Bernard, H. (2015). Le système familial multilocalisé. Proposition analytique et méthodologique pour interroger les liens entre migrations et développement rural au Sud. Mondes en développement, 172(4), 13–32. https://doi.org/10.3917/med.172.0013
17. Furaha Mirindi, G., Namegabe Mastaki, J. L., & Lebailly, P. (2016). L’impact des activités non agricoles sur la pauvreté et l’inégalité rurales dans les groupements Bugorhe et Irhambi-Katana (Territoire de Kabare, Province du Sud-Kivu). Journal Of Oriental And African Studies. https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/193113
18. Gislain, K. T. R., Ibouraima, Y., Théodore, A. T., Parfaite, K., Grégoire, S. S., & Sègbè, H. C. (2018). Influences Des Modes D’accès A La Terre Sur La Production Agricole Dans Les Communes De Dassa-Zoumé Et De Glazouè Au Centre Du Bènin. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 14(6), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n6p412
19. IMF. (2022). Cameroon and the IMF. IMF. https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/CMR
20. Kalambayi, A. R. M., Malankanga, G. S., & Kinkela, C. (2019). Typologie des exploitations agricoles familiales dans les territoires de Kazumba, Dimbelenge et Demba au Kasai Central en République Démocratique du Congo. 14.
21. Kassie, M., Jaleta, M., & Mattei, A. (2014). Evaluating the impact of improved maize varieties on food security in Rural Tanzania: Evidence from a continuous treatment approach. Food Security, 6(2), 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-014-0332-x
22. Knox, J., Hess, T., Daccache, A., & Wheeler, T. (2012). Climate change impacts on crop productivity in Africa and South Asia. Environmental Research Letters, 7(3), 034032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034032
23. Leridon, H. (2015). Afrique subsaharienne: Une transition démographique explosive. Burkina Faso, 16.
24. Letouzey, R., Institut de la Carte Internationale de la Vegetation, T., & Institut de la Recherche Agronomique, Y. (1985). Notice de la carte phytogeographique du Cameroun au 1:500,000 (1985). Toulouse (France). https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Notice+de+la+carte+phytogeographique+du+Cameroun+au+1%3A500%2C000+%281985%29&author=Letouzey%2C+R.&publication_year=1985
25. Masumbuko, C. K., Makuta, M. C., & Ntamwira, N. (2012). Enquete socio-économique dans les bassins de productionagricole du PIRAM dans la Province du Manièma en RD CONGO. Décembre 2012. In Working Papers (hal-00871281; Working Papers). HAL. https://ideas.repec.org/p/hal/wpaper/hal-00871281.html
26. Mayer, R., Ouellet, F., Saint-Jacques, M.-C., & Turcotte, D. (2000). Méthodes de recherche en intervention sociale (Paris: Morin (Editeur Gaetan), 2000). https://scholar.google.com/scholar?as_q=&as_epq=M%C3%A9thodes%20de%20recherche%20en%20intervention%20sociale&as_occt=title&as_sdt=1.&as_sdtp=on&as_sdtf=&as_sdts=22
27. Minani, B., Rurema, D.-G., & Lebailly, P. (2013). Family agriculture and environment in Kirundo province, Northern Burundi. III International Scientific Conference “Climate Change, Economic Development, Environment and People.” https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/163183
28. MINEPDED. (2015). Plan National d’Adaptation aux Changements Climatiques, Cameroun. https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NAPC/Documents/Parties/PNACC_Cameroun_VF_Valid%C3%A9e_24062015%20-%20FINAL.pdf
29. Mohamed, A. A. (2021). [PDF] Pastoralism and Development Policy in Ethiopia: A Review Study by Abduselam Abdulahi Mohamed · OA.mg · 10.33258/birci.v2i4.562. https://oa.mg/work/10.33258/birci.v2i4.562
30. Mpanzu Balomba, P. (2014). Memoire Online—Approvisionnement de la ville de Kinshasa en banane dessert et banane plantain. https://www.memoireonline.com/02/08/958/approvisionnement-kinshasa-banane-dessert-banane-plantain.html
31. Muche, M., Endalew, B., & Koricho, T. (2014). Detrminants of Household Food Security among Southwest Ethiopia Rural Households. Asian Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(5), 248–258. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajar.2014.248.258
32. Mulumeoderhwa Munyakazi, F., Maniriho, A., Neema Ciza, A., Banza Iyoto, E., Nfuamba Lukeba, F., Vwima Ngerizabona, S., Furaha Mirindi, G., Mastaki Namegabe, J.-L., & Lebailly, P. (2022). Characterisation of Small-Scale Farming as an Engine of Agricultural Development in Mountainous South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 12(2), 123–129. https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v12i2.4475
33. Mushagalusa, B., Baraka, S., Lenga, A., & Madi, M. (2015). Genre et exploitations familiales en milieu rural au Katanga Etude de cas de Kipushi. Journal international d’innovation et d’études appliquées, 11, 367-375. - Références—Publications de Recherche Scientifique. https://www.scirp.org/(S(lz5mqp453ed%20snp55rrgjct55))/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=2822744
34. Ndahama, N., Bagalwa, M., & Bayomgwa, C. (2014). Étude de la pollution organique totale et fécale dans les systèmes aquatiques de l’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo. Afrique Science: Revue Internationale Des Sciences et Technologie, 10(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.4314/afsci.v10i2
35. Ngalamulume Tshiebue, G. (2010). L’approche champ-école paysanne (CEP): Une méthode de recherche-action impliquant davantage les producteurs ruraux dans la maitrise et l’amélioration de leur système de production. L’exemple des CEP du Kasaï occidental/R.D.Congo. In E. Coudel, H. Devautour, C.-T. Soulard, & B. Hubert (Eds.), ISDA 2010 (p. 10 p.). Cirad-Inra-SupAgro. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00510547
36. Onana, J. M. (2018). Cartographie des écosystèmes du Cameroun. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 12(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v12i2.25
37. PAR. (2018). Assessing Agrobiodiversity: A Compendium of Methods (Platform for Agrobiodiversity Research, Rome. www.agrobiodiversityplatform.org
38. Pieters, H., Guariso, A., & Vandeplas, A. (2013). Conceptual framework for the analysis of the determinants of food and nutrition security.
39. Sani, S., & Kemaw, B. (2019). Analysis of households food insecurity and its coping mechanisms in Western Ethiopia. Agricultural and Food Economics, 7(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-019-0124-x
40. Singh, R., & Singh, G. S. (2017). Traditional agriculture: A climate-smart approach for sustainable food production. Energy, Ecology and Environment, 2(5), 296–316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-017-0074-7
41. Temple, L., Gaunand, A., Trouche, G., & Vall, E. (2018). Évaluer les impacts des recherches en agriculture sur la société et les écosystèmes: Outils, méthodes, études de cas. Cahiers Agricultures, 27(3), 34002. https://doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2018022
42. Tshiebue, G. N., & Tshiebue-G. (2011). Politique Agricole Et Sécurité Alimentaire Au Congo-Kinshasa. International Book Market Service Limited.
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Published
2022-11-27
How to Cite
Chimi, P. M., Mala, W. A., Essouma, F. M., Ngamsou, A. K., Matick, J. H., Fobane, J. L., Funwi, F. P., Kamdem, M. E. K., Nganmegni, L. F. F., & Bell, J. M. (2022). Family Farming Systems in Northern Central Cameroon: Challenges and Prospects for Food Security. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 11, 678. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/16147
Section
ESI Preprints
Copyright (c) 2022 Pierre Marie Chimi, William Armand Mala, François Manga Essouma, Abdel Karimou Ngamsou, John Hermann Matick, Jean Louis Fobane, Forbi Preasious Funwi, Michele Elodie Kouoguem Kamdem, Lethicia Flavine Feunang Nganmegni, Joseph Martin Bell
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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