Diversité et Dynamique des Cestodes chez Clarias Anguillaris au Burkina Faso
Abstract
Les cestodes sont des vers plats parasites à cycles complexes dont les vertébrés constituent les hôtes définitifs. Les poissons sont les hôtes potentiels de cestodes qui sont souvent responsables de perturbations de fonctionnement chez leur hôte occasionnant d’autres maladies qui peuvent entrainer des pertes économiques dans les étangs d’élevages. Cette étude se donne pour objectif de suivre l’évolution de l’infection par les cestodes chez les poissons dans la région du Plateau central. Des spécimens vivants de Clarias anguillaris ont été achetés auprès des pêcheurs au niveau des débarcadères et transportés au Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie Animales de l’Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo. Les poissons sont maintenus vivant dans un bac contenant de l’eau du site. La méthode classique a été utilisée pour la récolte des cestodes. Au total, 6 espèces de cestodes appartenant à trois familles (Bothriocephallidae, Lytocestidae et Proteocephalidae) ont été récotés. Les espèces rencontrées étaient Tetracampos ciliotheca, Lytocestoides sp, monobothrioides connintoning, Protéocephalus membranacei, Proteocephalus sp1 et Proteocephalus sp2. La famille des Bothriocephalidae était la plus dominante. T. ciliotheca était le cestode qui dominait en nombre et en prévalence dans les périodes étudiées. Plus de la moitié des poissons examinés étaient infectés par T. ciliotheca. C’est un parasite très répandu et connu chez les poissons du genre Clarias.
Cestodes are parasitic flatworms with complex cycles and vertebrates are the definitive hosts. Fish are potential hosts of cestodes which are often responsible for disturbances in the functioning of their host causing other diseases which can lead to economic losses in breeding ponds. This study aims to follow the evolution of cestode infection in fish in the Plateau central region. Live specimens of Clarias anguillaris were purchased from fishermen at the landing stages and transported to the Laboratory of Animal Biology and Ecology of Joseph Ki-Zerbo University. The fish are kept alive in a tank containing water from the site. The classical method was used for harvesting cestodes. In total, 6 species of cestodes belonging to three families (Bothriocephallidae, Lytocestidae and Proteocephalidae) were collected from Clarias anguillaris. The species encountered were Tetracampos ciliotheca, Lytocestoides sp, monobothrioides connintoning, Proteocephalus membranacei, Proteocephalus sp1 and Proteocephalus sp2. The Bothriocephalidae family was the most dominant. T. ciliotheca was the cestode that dominated in number and prevalence in the periods studied. More than half of the fish examined were infected with T. ciliotheca. It is a very widespread and known parasite in fish of the genus Clarias.
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