Internet as a Meeting Place for Spouses: Homogamy, Assortative Mating and Online Dating in Contemporary Italy
Keywords:
Couples’ place of meeting, Internet dating, mate selection, homogamy, social inequalities, marriage, Italy
Abstract
This article studies the places where spouses met for the first time in Italy. The focus is on online settings in the most recent marriage cohorts (2000-2009 and 2010-2016). The aim is to investigate trends over time in the use of the Internet as a meeting place and to explore whether Internet dating can affect the rules of assortative mating and homogamy. Information about first marriages is analyzed to focus on highly engaged relationships. A quantitative approach is used and bivariate and multivariate analyses are conducted. The data used for the analyses come from the national representative survey "Family, social subjects and life cycle" carried out by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat) in 2016 and made available in 2020. The results allow a preliminary quantification of the phenomenon and document an increase in online dating in Italy (from 0.4 percent of spouses who first met online in the marriage cohort 2000-2009 to 2.5 percent in the cohort 2010-2016). The data support the idea that online contexts show homogamy paths not different from those that characterize offline dating venues. Meeting an online partner doesn’t seem to imply heterogamy.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Metrics
Metrics Loading ...
PlumX Statistics
References
1. Ahuvia, A. C. & Adelman M. B. (1992). Formal intermediaries in the marriage market: A typology and review. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, 452-463. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/353076
2. Arosio, L. (2013). The spread of the Internet and the sociology of marriage: proposals for a research agenda. In M. Mokrys, & A. Lieskovsky (Eds), Proceedings of the Virtual International Conference on Advanced Research in Scientific Fields 2012, Zilina: Edis.
3. Arosio, L. (2017). Quanti sono gli italiani che trovano il loro partner su Internet? [How many Italians find their partners on the Internet?]. Neodemos.it, http://www.neodemos.info/articoli/quanti-sono-gli-italiani-che-trovano-il-loro-partner-su-internet/
4. Arosio, L. (2022). Marriage Choices in Contemporary Italy. Couples’ Places of Meeting Between Individualization and Structural Determinants. Sociology Study, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5526/2022.03.001
5. Barraket, J., & Henry-Waring, M. S. (2008). Getting it on(line): Sociological perspectives on e-dating. Journal of Sociology, 44(2), 149–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783308089167
6. Bauman, Z. (2003). Liquid Love: On the Frailty of Human Bonds. Cambridge: Polity Press.
7. Baym, N. K. (2015). Personal Connections in the digital age. Cambridge: PolityPress.
8. Beck, U. & Beck-Gernsheim, E. (2002). Individualization. Institutionalized Individualism and Its Social and Political Consequences. London: Sage.
9. Beck, A., & González‐Sancho, C. (2009). Educational assortative mating and children's school readiness. Work paper 2009‐05‐FF. Center for Research on Child Wellbeing, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
10. Ben-Ze’ev, A. (2004). Love Online: Emotions on the Internet. Cambridge University Press.
11. Billari F. C, & Liefbroer A. C. (2010). Towards a new pattern of transition to adulthood? Advances in Life Course Research. 15(2–3):59–75.
12. Blau, P. M., & Duncan, O. D. (1967). The American Occupational Structure. New York: Wiley.
13. Blossfeld, H. P. (2009). Educational assortative marriage in comparative perspective. Annual Review of Sociology, 35, 513-530. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-115913
14. Blossfeld, H. P., & Timm, A. (Eds.) (2003). Who Marries Whom? Educational Systems as Marriage Markets in Modern Societies. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press.
15. Bozon, M. & Heran, F. (1989). Finding a spouse: A survey of how French couples meet. Population, 44 (1), 91-121.
16. Cacioppo, J. T., Cacioppo, S., Gonzaga, G. C., Ogburn, E. L. & VanderWeele, T. J. (2013). Marital satisfaction and break-ups differ across online and offline meeting venues. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(25), 10135-40. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222447110
17. Cooke, L. & Baxter, J. (2010). "Families" in International Context: Comparing Institutional Effects Across Western Societies. Journal of Marriage and Family. 72. 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00716.x.
18. Cooper, A. & Sportolari, L. (1997). Romance in Cyberspace: Understanding Online Attraction, Journal of Sex Education and Therapy 22(1): 7–14.
19. Coupland, J. (1996). Discourses of the Commodified Self. Discourse and Society, 7, 187–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926596007002003
20. Dush, C. M. K., & Amato, P. R. (2005). Consequences of relationship status and quality for subjective well-being. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22(5), 607–627. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407505056438
21. Dutton, W. H (1996). Information and Communication Technologies - Visions and Realities, Oxford University Press
22. Erdogan, B. (2022). From Online to Offline: Presentations of Self and Partner Searching Techniques among Women in Turkey on Dating Sites. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 18(32), 1. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n32p1
23. Eurostat (2019). Demography. Retrieved on https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
24. Fernandez, A. & Rogerson, R. (2001). Sorting and Long-Run Income Inequality. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116, 1305-1341.
25. Finkel, E. J., Eastwick, P. W., Karney, B. R., Reis H. T., & Sprecher S. (2012). Online Dating: A Critical Analysis From the Perspective of Psychological Science. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13(1), 3-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100612436522
26. Fiore, A. (2010). Self-presentation, Interpersonal Perception, and Relationship Initiation Through Computer-Mediated Communication. Ph.D. dissertation. Retrieved on https://www.ischool.berkeley.edu/research/publications/2010/self-presentation-interpersonal-perception-and-relationship-initiation
27. Fu, X., & Heaton, T. B. (2008). Racial and Educational Homogamy: 1980 to 2000. Sociological Perspectives, 1(4), 735-758. https://doi.org/10.1525/sop.2008.51.4.735
28. Fussey, P., & Roth, S. (2020.). Digitizing Sociology: Continuity and Change in the Internet Era. Sociology, 54(4), 659–674. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038520918562
29. Giddens, A. (1992). The Transformation of Intimacy. Cambridge: Polity Press.
30. Gottlieb, L. (2006). How do I love thee? The Atlantic Monthly, 58-70.
31. Heino, R., Ellison, N. & Gibbs, J. (2010). Relationshopping: Investigating the Market Metaphor in Online Dating. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 27. 427-447. 10.1177/0265407510361614.
32. Hou, F. & Myles, J. (2007). The Changing Role of Education in the Marriage Market: Assortative Marriage in Canada and the United States since the 1970s. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 33, 338-366. https://doi.org/10.29173/cjs551
33. Houston. S., Wright R., Ellis, M., Holloway, S., & Hudson, M. (2005). Places of Possibility: Where Mixed-Race Partners Meet. Progress in Human Geography, 29(6), 700-717. https://doi.org/10.1191/0309132505pp578oa
34. Istat (2016). Indagine su Famiglie, soggetti sociali e ciclo di vita. Informazioni sulla rilevazione. https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/185678
35. Istat (2021). Noi Italia. 100 Statistics to understand the country we live in. https://noi-italia.istat.it/
36. Kalmijn, M. (1998). Intermarriage and Homogamy: Causes, Patterns, Trends. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 395-421. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.395
37. Kalmijn, M. & Flap, H. D. (2001). Assortative Meeting and Mating: Unintended Consequences of Organized Settings for Partner Choices. Social Forces, 79, 1289-1312. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2001.0044
38. Lampard, R. (2007). Couples' Places of Meeting in Late 20th Century Britain: Class, Continuity, and Change. European Sociological Review, 23, 357-371. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcm004
39. Lampard, R. (2020). Meeting Online or Offline? Patterns and Trends for Co-Resident Couples in Early 21st-Century Britain. Sociological Research Online, 25(4), 589-608. https://doi.org/10.1177/1360780419895524
40. Lawson, H. M., & Leck, K. (2006). Dynamics of Internet Dating. Social Science Computer Review, 24(2), 189–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439305283402
41. Lea, M. & Spears, R. (1995). Love at First Byte? Building Personal Relationships over Computer Networks. In: Wood, J.T. and Duck, S. (Eds.), Under-Studied Relationships: Off the Beaten Track, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 197-233.
42. Lee, K.S. & Ono, H. (2012). Marriage, Cohabitation, and Happiness: A Cross-National Analysis of 27 Countries. Journal of Marriage and Family, 74: 953-972. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.01001.x
43. Lesthaeghe, R. (2014). The second demographic transition: A concise overview of its development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2014;111(51):18112–18115
44. Lewis, K. (2013). The limits of racial prejudice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(47), 18814–18819. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1308501110
45. Lin K. H., & Lundquist, J. (2013). Mate Selection in Cyberspace: The Intersection of Race, Gender, and Education. American Journal of Sociology, 119(1), 183-215. https://doi.org/10.1086/673129
46. MacKenzie, D. & Wajcman, J. (Eds.) (1985). The Social Shaping of Technology. Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press
47. Mare, R. D. (2000). Assortative Mating, Intergenerational Mobility, and Educational Inequality. California Center for Population Research, https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Assortative-Mating%2C-Intergenerational-Mobility%2C-and-Mare/15cecefca6ffba3c4a624319ce1c684ba15a84ff
48. Merkle, E. & Richardson, R. (2000). Digital dating and virtual relating: Conceptualizing computer mediated romantic relationships. Family Relations, 49(2), 187-192. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2000.00187.x
49. Mollenhorst, G., Völker, B. & Flap, H. (2008). Social contexts and personal relationships: the effect of meeting opportunities on similarity for relationships of different strength. Social Networks, 30, 60-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2007.07.003
50. OECD. (2019). OECD Family Database. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. http://www.oecd.org/social/family/database.htm
51. Potarca, G. (2014). Modern Love: Comparative insights in online dating preferences and assortative mating, retrieved on Modern Love: Comparative insights in online dating preferences and assortative mating — the University of Groningen research portal (rug.nl)
52. Potarca, G. (2017). Does the Internet affect assortative mating? Evidence from the U.S. and Germany. Social Science Research, 61, 278-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.06.019
53. Robnett, B., & Feliciano, C. (2011). Patterns of racial-ethnic exclusion by internet daters. Social Forces, 89, 807-828. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2011.0008
54. Rosenfeld, M. J., & Thomas, R. J. (2012). Searching for a Mate: The Rise of the Internet as a Social Intermediary. American Sociological Review, 77(4), 523–547. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122412448050
55. Rosenfeld, M. J., Thomas, R. J., & Hausen, S. (2019). Disintermediating your friends: How online dating in the United States displaces other ways of meeting. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(36), 17753-17758. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908630116
56. Sautter, J., Tippett, R., & Morgan, S. (2010). The Social Demography of Internet Dating in the United States. Social Science Quarterly, 91, 554-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00707.x
57. Schwartz, C. R. (2013). Trends and Variation in Assortative Mating: Causes and Consequences. Annual Review of Sociology, 39(1), 451-470. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071312-145544
58. Skopek, J., Schulz, F., & Blossfeld, H. P. (2010). Who Contacts Whom? Educational Homophily in Online Mate Selection. European Sociological Review, 27(2), 180-195. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcp068
59. Smith, A., & Duggan, M. (2013). Online Dating & Relationships. Pew Internet and American Life Project, Washington, DC. Retrieved HTTP:// www.pewinternet.org/files/old-media/Files/Reports/2013/PIP_Online20Dating202013.pdf
60. Smock, P. & Greenland, F. R. (2010). Diversity in Pathways to Parenthood: Patterns, Implications, and Emerging Research Directions, Journal of Marriage and Family, 576-593
61. Sobotka, T. & Toulemon, L. (2008). Changing family and partnership behavior: Common trends and persistent diversity across Europe. Demographic Research. 19. 85-138.
62. Soons, J., Liefbroer, A. & Kalmijn, M. (2009). The Long-Term Consequences of Relationship Formation for Subjective Well-Being. Journal of Marriage and The Family, 71. 1254-1270. 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00667.x.
63. Sprecher, S., Schwartz, P., Harvey, J., & Hatfield, E. (2008). Thebusinessoflove.com: Relationship Initiation at Internet MatchMaking Services. In S. Sprecher, A. Wenzel, & J. Harvey, (Eds.), The Handbook of relationship initiation. Hillsdale, N. J. Erlbaum.
64. Weber, M. (1922). Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Tübingen: Mohr.
65. Whitty, M. T. (2005). The Realness of Cybercheating: Men’s and Women’s Representations of Unfaithful Internet Relationships. Social Science Computer Review, 23, 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439304271536
66. Woll, S., & Cozby, P. (1987). Videodating and other alternatives to traditional methods of relationship initiation. In W. Jones & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships 1. New York: JAI Press.
67. Woolgar, S. (1996). Technologies as cultural artifacts. Oxford University Press.
68. Yancey, G. (2007). Homogamy over the net: Using internet advertisements to discover who interracially dates. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24(6), 913-930. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407507084190
2. Arosio, L. (2013). The spread of the Internet and the sociology of marriage: proposals for a research agenda. In M. Mokrys, & A. Lieskovsky (Eds), Proceedings of the Virtual International Conference on Advanced Research in Scientific Fields 2012, Zilina: Edis.
3. Arosio, L. (2017). Quanti sono gli italiani che trovano il loro partner su Internet? [How many Italians find their partners on the Internet?]. Neodemos.it, http://www.neodemos.info/articoli/quanti-sono-gli-italiani-che-trovano-il-loro-partner-su-internet/
4. Arosio, L. (2022). Marriage Choices in Contemporary Italy. Couples’ Places of Meeting Between Individualization and Structural Determinants. Sociology Study, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5526/2022.03.001
5. Barraket, J., & Henry-Waring, M. S. (2008). Getting it on(line): Sociological perspectives on e-dating. Journal of Sociology, 44(2), 149–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783308089167
6. Bauman, Z. (2003). Liquid Love: On the Frailty of Human Bonds. Cambridge: Polity Press.
7. Baym, N. K. (2015). Personal Connections in the digital age. Cambridge: PolityPress.
8. Beck, U. & Beck-Gernsheim, E. (2002). Individualization. Institutionalized Individualism and Its Social and Political Consequences. London: Sage.
9. Beck, A., & González‐Sancho, C. (2009). Educational assortative mating and children's school readiness. Work paper 2009‐05‐FF. Center for Research on Child Wellbeing, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
10. Ben-Ze’ev, A. (2004). Love Online: Emotions on the Internet. Cambridge University Press.
11. Billari F. C, & Liefbroer A. C. (2010). Towards a new pattern of transition to adulthood? Advances in Life Course Research. 15(2–3):59–75.
12. Blau, P. M., & Duncan, O. D. (1967). The American Occupational Structure. New York: Wiley.
13. Blossfeld, H. P. (2009). Educational assortative marriage in comparative perspective. Annual Review of Sociology, 35, 513-530. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-115913
14. Blossfeld, H. P., & Timm, A. (Eds.) (2003). Who Marries Whom? Educational Systems as Marriage Markets in Modern Societies. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press.
15. Bozon, M. & Heran, F. (1989). Finding a spouse: A survey of how French couples meet. Population, 44 (1), 91-121.
16. Cacioppo, J. T., Cacioppo, S., Gonzaga, G. C., Ogburn, E. L. & VanderWeele, T. J. (2013). Marital satisfaction and break-ups differ across online and offline meeting venues. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(25), 10135-40. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222447110
17. Cooke, L. & Baxter, J. (2010). "Families" in International Context: Comparing Institutional Effects Across Western Societies. Journal of Marriage and Family. 72. 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00716.x.
18. Cooper, A. & Sportolari, L. (1997). Romance in Cyberspace: Understanding Online Attraction, Journal of Sex Education and Therapy 22(1): 7–14.
19. Coupland, J. (1996). Discourses of the Commodified Self. Discourse and Society, 7, 187–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926596007002003
20. Dush, C. M. K., & Amato, P. R. (2005). Consequences of relationship status and quality for subjective well-being. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22(5), 607–627. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407505056438
21. Dutton, W. H (1996). Information and Communication Technologies - Visions and Realities, Oxford University Press
22. Erdogan, B. (2022). From Online to Offline: Presentations of Self and Partner Searching Techniques among Women in Turkey on Dating Sites. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 18(32), 1. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n32p1
23. Eurostat (2019). Demography. Retrieved on https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
24. Fernandez, A. & Rogerson, R. (2001). Sorting and Long-Run Income Inequality. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116, 1305-1341.
25. Finkel, E. J., Eastwick, P. W., Karney, B. R., Reis H. T., & Sprecher S. (2012). Online Dating: A Critical Analysis From the Perspective of Psychological Science. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13(1), 3-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100612436522
26. Fiore, A. (2010). Self-presentation, Interpersonal Perception, and Relationship Initiation Through Computer-Mediated Communication. Ph.D. dissertation. Retrieved on https://www.ischool.berkeley.edu/research/publications/2010/self-presentation-interpersonal-perception-and-relationship-initiation
27. Fu, X., & Heaton, T. B. (2008). Racial and Educational Homogamy: 1980 to 2000. Sociological Perspectives, 1(4), 735-758. https://doi.org/10.1525/sop.2008.51.4.735
28. Fussey, P., & Roth, S. (2020.). Digitizing Sociology: Continuity and Change in the Internet Era. Sociology, 54(4), 659–674. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038520918562
29. Giddens, A. (1992). The Transformation of Intimacy. Cambridge: Polity Press.
30. Gottlieb, L. (2006). How do I love thee? The Atlantic Monthly, 58-70.
31. Heino, R., Ellison, N. & Gibbs, J. (2010). Relationshopping: Investigating the Market Metaphor in Online Dating. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 27. 427-447. 10.1177/0265407510361614.
32. Hou, F. & Myles, J. (2007). The Changing Role of Education in the Marriage Market: Assortative Marriage in Canada and the United States since the 1970s. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 33, 338-366. https://doi.org/10.29173/cjs551
33. Houston. S., Wright R., Ellis, M., Holloway, S., & Hudson, M. (2005). Places of Possibility: Where Mixed-Race Partners Meet. Progress in Human Geography, 29(6), 700-717. https://doi.org/10.1191/0309132505pp578oa
34. Istat (2016). Indagine su Famiglie, soggetti sociali e ciclo di vita. Informazioni sulla rilevazione. https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/185678
35. Istat (2021). Noi Italia. 100 Statistics to understand the country we live in. https://noi-italia.istat.it/
36. Kalmijn, M. (1998). Intermarriage and Homogamy: Causes, Patterns, Trends. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 395-421. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.395
37. Kalmijn, M. & Flap, H. D. (2001). Assortative Meeting and Mating: Unintended Consequences of Organized Settings for Partner Choices. Social Forces, 79, 1289-1312. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2001.0044
38. Lampard, R. (2007). Couples' Places of Meeting in Late 20th Century Britain: Class, Continuity, and Change. European Sociological Review, 23, 357-371. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcm004
39. Lampard, R. (2020). Meeting Online or Offline? Patterns and Trends for Co-Resident Couples in Early 21st-Century Britain. Sociological Research Online, 25(4), 589-608. https://doi.org/10.1177/1360780419895524
40. Lawson, H. M., & Leck, K. (2006). Dynamics of Internet Dating. Social Science Computer Review, 24(2), 189–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439305283402
41. Lea, M. & Spears, R. (1995). Love at First Byte? Building Personal Relationships over Computer Networks. In: Wood, J.T. and Duck, S. (Eds.), Under-Studied Relationships: Off the Beaten Track, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 197-233.
42. Lee, K.S. & Ono, H. (2012). Marriage, Cohabitation, and Happiness: A Cross-National Analysis of 27 Countries. Journal of Marriage and Family, 74: 953-972. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.01001.x
43. Lesthaeghe, R. (2014). The second demographic transition: A concise overview of its development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2014;111(51):18112–18115
44. Lewis, K. (2013). The limits of racial prejudice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(47), 18814–18819. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1308501110
45. Lin K. H., & Lundquist, J. (2013). Mate Selection in Cyberspace: The Intersection of Race, Gender, and Education. American Journal of Sociology, 119(1), 183-215. https://doi.org/10.1086/673129
46. MacKenzie, D. & Wajcman, J. (Eds.) (1985). The Social Shaping of Technology. Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press
47. Mare, R. D. (2000). Assortative Mating, Intergenerational Mobility, and Educational Inequality. California Center for Population Research, https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Assortative-Mating%2C-Intergenerational-Mobility%2C-and-Mare/15cecefca6ffba3c4a624319ce1c684ba15a84ff
48. Merkle, E. & Richardson, R. (2000). Digital dating and virtual relating: Conceptualizing computer mediated romantic relationships. Family Relations, 49(2), 187-192. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2000.00187.x
49. Mollenhorst, G., Völker, B. & Flap, H. (2008). Social contexts and personal relationships: the effect of meeting opportunities on similarity for relationships of different strength. Social Networks, 30, 60-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2007.07.003
50. OECD. (2019). OECD Family Database. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. http://www.oecd.org/social/family/database.htm
51. Potarca, G. (2014). Modern Love: Comparative insights in online dating preferences and assortative mating, retrieved on Modern Love: Comparative insights in online dating preferences and assortative mating — the University of Groningen research portal (rug.nl)
52. Potarca, G. (2017). Does the Internet affect assortative mating? Evidence from the U.S. and Germany. Social Science Research, 61, 278-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.06.019
53. Robnett, B., & Feliciano, C. (2011). Patterns of racial-ethnic exclusion by internet daters. Social Forces, 89, 807-828. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2011.0008
54. Rosenfeld, M. J., & Thomas, R. J. (2012). Searching for a Mate: The Rise of the Internet as a Social Intermediary. American Sociological Review, 77(4), 523–547. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122412448050
55. Rosenfeld, M. J., Thomas, R. J., & Hausen, S. (2019). Disintermediating your friends: How online dating in the United States displaces other ways of meeting. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(36), 17753-17758. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908630116
56. Sautter, J., Tippett, R., & Morgan, S. (2010). The Social Demography of Internet Dating in the United States. Social Science Quarterly, 91, 554-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00707.x
57. Schwartz, C. R. (2013). Trends and Variation in Assortative Mating: Causes and Consequences. Annual Review of Sociology, 39(1), 451-470. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071312-145544
58. Skopek, J., Schulz, F., & Blossfeld, H. P. (2010). Who Contacts Whom? Educational Homophily in Online Mate Selection. European Sociological Review, 27(2), 180-195. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcp068
59. Smith, A., & Duggan, M. (2013). Online Dating & Relationships. Pew Internet and American Life Project, Washington, DC. Retrieved HTTP:// www.pewinternet.org/files/old-media/Files/Reports/2013/PIP_Online20Dating202013.pdf
60. Smock, P. & Greenland, F. R. (2010). Diversity in Pathways to Parenthood: Patterns, Implications, and Emerging Research Directions, Journal of Marriage and Family, 576-593
61. Sobotka, T. & Toulemon, L. (2008). Changing family and partnership behavior: Common trends and persistent diversity across Europe. Demographic Research. 19. 85-138.
62. Soons, J., Liefbroer, A. & Kalmijn, M. (2009). The Long-Term Consequences of Relationship Formation for Subjective Well-Being. Journal of Marriage and The Family, 71. 1254-1270. 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00667.x.
63. Sprecher, S., Schwartz, P., Harvey, J., & Hatfield, E. (2008). Thebusinessoflove.com: Relationship Initiation at Internet MatchMaking Services. In S. Sprecher, A. Wenzel, & J. Harvey, (Eds.), The Handbook of relationship initiation. Hillsdale, N. J. Erlbaum.
64. Weber, M. (1922). Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Tübingen: Mohr.
65. Whitty, M. T. (2005). The Realness of Cybercheating: Men’s and Women’s Representations of Unfaithful Internet Relationships. Social Science Computer Review, 23, 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439304271536
66. Woll, S., & Cozby, P. (1987). Videodating and other alternatives to traditional methods of relationship initiation. In W. Jones & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships 1. New York: JAI Press.
67. Woolgar, S. (1996). Technologies as cultural artifacts. Oxford University Press.
68. Yancey, G. (2007). Homogamy over the net: Using internet advertisements to discover who interracially dates. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24(6), 913-930. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407507084190
Published
2023-01-31
How to Cite
Arosio, L. (2023). Internet as a Meeting Place for Spouses: Homogamy, Assortative Mating and Online Dating in Contemporary Italy. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 19(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n2p1
Section
ESJ Humanities
Copyright (c) 2023 Laura Arosio
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
.jpg)
