Etat des Lieux des Incertitudes Liées à l’Estimation de la Biomasse des Arbres (Revue Bibliographique)

  • Moundounga Mavouroulou Quentin Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale du Centre National de Recherches. Scientifiques et Technologiques, Libreville-Gabon, Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale et Protection des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Agrobiologie, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville, Gabon
  • Ngomanda Alfred Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale du Centre National de Recherches. Scientifiques et Technologiques, Libreville, Gabon
  • Lepengue Nicaise Alexis Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale et Protection des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Agrobiologie, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville, Gabon
Keywords: Biomasse, incertitude, équation allométrique, variable dendrométrique

Abstract

The quantification of forest carbon stocks and fluxes is absolutely essential to understand the role that forests play in the global carbon cycle and to put in place effective policies to mitigate global warming induced by the increase in greenhouse gases of anthropogenic origin. This study aims to present the current state of knowledge on the uncertainties associated with quantifying forest carbon, particularly in tropical forests. Several studies show that the uncertainties on the carbon stocks and fluxes sequestered in tropical forests are extremely large, estimated respectively at 188 and 272 billion tonnes of carbon and between 0.17 and 1.16 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide. These huge uncertainties are probably related to the methods used to quantify the biomass of living trees. In almost all studies on forest carbon, the biomass of trees is never really measured in the field, but rather estimated using mathematical models or allometric equations which leads to an uncertainty of about 20% on the estimated biomass. Our study also shows that the reduction of these uncertainties could depend on several factors such as (i) the aboveground biomass data collection method (ii) the measurement of tree size attributes (diameter and height) and tree traits. species (specific density of the wood, size of the canopy) during forest inventories, (iii) the mathematical form and quality of adjustment of the allometric models (specific error of the model) used, and (iv) possibly an inadequacy between tree diameter structure in model calibration data and in forest inventory data. However, the absence of studies that have measured the total biomass of a forest at a fixed spatial scale (example 1 ha) does not currently allow an assessment of the contribution of each source of error to the total uncertainty of the final carbon estimate.

La quantification des stocks et flux de carbone forestier avec précision est absolument essentielle pour comprendre le rôle que jouent les forêts dans le cycle global du carbone et pour mettre en place des politiques efficaces d’atténuation du réchauffement climatique mondial induit par l’augmentation des gaz à effet de serre d’origine anthropique. Cette étude vise à présenter l’état actuel des connaissances sur les incertitudes associées à la quantification du carbone forestier, en particulier dans les forêts tropicales. Plusieurs études montrent que les incertitudes sur les stocks et flux de carbone séquestrés dans les forêts tropicales sont extrêmement larges, estimés respectivement 188 et 272 milliards de tonnes de carbone et entre 0.17 et 1.16 milliards de tonnes de gaz carbonique. Ces énormes incertitudes sont sans doute liées aux méthodes utilisées pour quantifier la biomasse des arbres vivants. Dans la quasi-totalité des études sur le carbone forestier, la biomasse des arbres n’est réellement jamais mesurée sur le terrain, mais plutôt estimés à l’aide des modèles mathématiques ou équations allométriques qui entraine une incertitude d’environ 20% sur l’estimation de la biomasse. Notre étude montre aussi que la réduction de ces incertitudes pourrait dépendre de plusieurs facteurs tels que: (i) la méthode de collecte des données de la biomasse aérienne (ii) la mesure des attributs de taille (diamètre et hauteur) des arbres et traits d’espèces (densité du spécifique du bois, taille de la canopée) lors des inventaires forestiers, (iii) la forme mathématique et qualité d’ajustement des modèles allométriques (erreur propre du modèle) employés, et (iv) possiblement d’une inadéquation entre structure diamétrique des arbres dans les données de calibration des modèles et dans les données inventaires forestiers. Toutefois, l’absence d’études ayant mesuré la biomasse totale d’une forêt à une échelle spatiale fixée (exemple 1 ha) ne permet pas actuellement d’évaluer la contribution de chaque source d’erreurs sur l’incertitude totale de l’estimation finale de carbone.

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Published
2023-02-28
How to Cite
Mavouroulou Quentin, M., Alfred, N., & Nicaise Alexis, L. (2023). Etat des Lieux des Incertitudes Liées à l’Estimation de la Biomasse des Arbres (Revue Bibliographique). European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 19(6), 60. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n6p60
Section
ESJ Natural/Life/Medical Sciences