Exploring the Role of Decentralization in Resource Marginalization in Kenya
Keywords:
Decentralization, Resource, Socio-economic, Marginalization
Abstract
Against a background of decentralization in Kenya, limited previous research examines its role in resource marginalization in the country. Specific objectives include identifying the socio-economic sources of resource marginalization and identifying solutions to the socio-economic resource marginalization. The results of the study will improve our understanding of decentralization. Qualitative data was collected and analysed using thematic analysis. Quantitative data was collected and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study found that though decentralization has been used as a vehicle to alleviate poverty, it has led to some form of marginalization of certain key groups in the society. Recommendations for policy and further studies are made from the conclusions emanating from the academic study.
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References
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2. Amin, S. (2011a). Global History: A View from the South. Nairobi: Pambazuka Press.
3. Bunyi, G.W., Wangia, J., Magoma, C. M., & Limboro, C. M. (2011). Teacher Preparation and Continuing Professional Development in Africa (TPA): Learning to Teach Reading and Mathematics and Influences on Practice in Kenya Country Report July 2011. Brighton: University of Sussex.
4. Chilwalo, M. (2016). ‘Multinational Corporations: Corporate Social Responsibility versus Environmental Problems.’ European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 12(17), 241. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n17p24
5. Desandi, N. (2014). “International Inequality and World Poverty: A Quantitative Structural Analysis.”New Political Economy, Vol. 19, No. 2, 201–226.
6. Drãgan, I. & Gogenea, R. (2009). “The European Experience Concerning Regional Decentralization.” The Annals of The "Ştefancel Mare" University of Suceava. Fascicle of The Faculty of Economics and Public Administration Vol. 9, No. 2(10).
7. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (2012). Regional Disparities and Marginalisation in Kenya. Nairobi: Elite Press Ltd.
8. Heidhues, F. & Obare, G. (2011). “Lessons from Structural Adjustment Programmes and their Effects in Africa.” Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, 50, No. 1:55-64.
9. http://smartmethodology.org. Sampling Methods and Sample Size Calculation for the SMART Methodology. Accessed 14.04.2014.
10. Institute of Economic Affairs (2014). Tackling Inequality Within and Across Counties: Policy Recommendations, Issue no. 17. Nairobi: IEA.
11. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics & ICF Macro (2010). Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008-09. Calverton, Maryland: KNBS and ICF Macro.
12. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (2013). The Statistical Abstract 2013. Nairobi: KNBS.
13. Kitause, R. H., Gemade, C. K., & Jando, F. S. (2020). ‘Sustainability of the Nigerian Environmental Resources Conservation and Management: Interrogating the Principles of Conservation in Biblical Christian Perspective.’ European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 16(29), 51. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2020.v16n29p51
14. KNBS (2007). Basic Report on Well-being in Kenya: Based on Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey- 2005/06. Nairobi: KNBS.
15. KPMG (2013). Devolution of Healthcare Services in Kenya. Nairobi: KPMG Services (Proprietary) Limited.
16. Kumssa, A. & Jones, J. F. (2015). “Post-independence African Policy: African Socialism and the Organization of African Unity.” Public Administration Research; Vol. 4, No. 1; 2015, pp. 12-23.
17. Kyrili, K., Ouko, R., Ndogoto, M., & Kipruto, J. (2012). Achievements, Challenges and Opportunities for Women in the Conflict Zones of Kenya’s Uasin Gishu, Trans Nzoia and Mount Elgon: A Dissection of the UN SCR 1325 and Kenya’s New Constitution. Nairobi: COPA.
18. Litvack, J., Ahmad, J., & Bird, R. (1998). Rethinking Decentralization in Developing Countries. Washington, D.C.: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.
19. Local Development International (2013). The Role of Decentralisation/Devolution in Improving Development Outcomes at the Local Level: Review of the Literature and Selected Cases. New York: Local Development International.
20. Mboya, T. J. (1993). Freedom and After. Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers Ltd.
21. Mollel, H. A. (2010). Participation for local development: The reality of decentralization in Tanzania. Enschede: African Studies Centre.
22. Muleri, M. (2009). ‘African NGOs, Dependency and Impact on Governance: Comparative Study of the UK, Kenya and India’ in Amuwo, A., Pul, H., Adadevoh, I.O. (eds). 2009. Civil Society, Governance and Regional Integration in Africa. Nairobi: Development Policy Management Forum (DPMF).
23. Muriu, A. R. (2013). Decentralization, citizen participation and local public service delivery: A study on the nature and influence of citizen participation on decentralized service delivery in Kenya. Potsdam: University of Potsdam.
24. Mwenda, A. K. (2010). Devolution in Kenya: Prospects, Challenges and the Future. Nairobi: Institute of Economic Affairs.
25. Ndii, D. (2010). Decentralization in Kenya. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRICA/Resources/2579941335471959878/D -ecentralization_in_Kenya_Background_Note.pdf.
26. Olowu, D. (2001). Decentralization Policies and Practices under Structural Adjustment and Democratization in Africa.Democracy, Governance and Human Rights ProgrammePaper Number 4. Geneva :United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD).
27. Parker, A. & Serrano, T. (2000). Promoting Good Local Governance through Social Funds and Decentralization. New York: United Nations Capital Development Fund.
28. Peck, R., Olsen, C., & Devore, J. (2008). Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, third Edition. Belmont: Thomson Higher Education.
29. Republic of Kenya (1965). Session Paper No. 10 of 1965: African Socialism and Its Application to Planning in Kenya. Nairobi: Government Printer.
30. Republic of Kenya (2016). Devolution and Public Participation in Kenya: Civic Education Trainers’ Manual for General Public. Nairobi: Ministry of devolution and Planning, and Transition Authority.
31. Society for International Development (SID) (2012). Equity and Gender Concerns in Managing Devolved Funds in Kenya. Nairobi: Society for International Development.
32. The Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya (2014). The Impact of Decentralized Funds to Economic Growth and Development. Nairobi: ICPAK.
33. The Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya (2014). The Impact of Decentralized Funds to Economic Growth and Development. Nairobi: ICPAK.
34. Uasin Gishu County (2013). Uasin Gishu County Integrated Development Plan 2013-2018.
35. United Nations (2005). Household Sample Surveys in Developing and Transition Countries. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/96. New York: United Nations.
36. USAID (2014). Country Development Cooperation Strategy 2014-18. Nairobi: USAID.
37. Wanyande, P. (2009). Civil Society and Transition Politics in Kenya: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, In Africa Resource and Research Forum (ARRF). Discourses on Civil Society in Kenya. Nairobi: ARRF.
38. Wato, S. (2012). ‘Devolution Promises to Reduce Marginalisation in Kenya’ in Nguzo za Haki. (2012). The Devolution Issue. Nairobi: Kenya National Human Rights Commission.
39. World Bank (2011). Special Focus: Kenya’s Momentous Devolution. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
40. Ymeraj, A. (2018). ‘Government as a Key Duty Bearer in Transition Reforms from Socialism to Capitalism-The Case of Albania.’ European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 14(32), 84. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n32p84
Published
2023-03-30
How to Cite
Ajwang, N. W. O. (2023). Exploring the Role of Decentralization in Resource Marginalization in Kenya. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 19(7), 45. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n7p45
Section
ESJ Social Sciences
Copyright (c) 2023 Nicholas Walter Otieno Ajwang
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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