Influence of Occupational Stress on Quality Family Relationship among Clergy: A Case of Christ is the Answer Ministries, Kenya
Keywords:
Occupational Stress, Family Relationships, Self-Care, Clergy
Abstract
The role of clergy can be demanding, as they are tasked with providing spiritual guidance and support to their congregation. This responsibility can result in occupational stress, which can affect the clergy and their family relationships. This study investigated the influence of occupational stress on quality family relationships among clergy in Christ Is the Answer Ministries, Kenya (CITAM). A pragmatist lens which informs the adoption of mixed methods research design was used. Out of a sample size of 135, 115 respondents comprising 57 pastors, 40 spouses, and 18 children participated in the study. Ethical considerations were adhered to by receiving the necessary approvals and licenses before commencing the study. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and focus group discussions which were all done online. Quantitative data were analyzed using the linear regression technique in SPSS Version 28 and presented through tables. The qualitative data were transcribed and analysed using a thematic analysis approach with the identification of key themes. Findings showed that the clergy families have high-quality family relationships (x̅=3.4635, x = .37655). Thematic analysis revealed that having intentionality and maintaining clear boundaries between work and personal life would help clergy improve the quality of their family relationships. The study recommended that churches should collaborate with family therapists to offer therapy sessions to all members of the clergy.
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References
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4. Berry, S. A. (2022). The Case for Rest: A Qualitative Analysis of Self-Care Amongst African American Pastors and Ministry Leaders Through a Global Pandemic (Doctoral dissertation, Columbia International University). www.proquest.com/openview/b2893f140840a429379cf390dfa1611
5. Bloom, M. (2019). Flourishing in ministry: How to cultivate clergy wellbeing. Rowman & Littlefield.
6. Büssing, A., Baumann, K., Jacobs, C., & Frick, E. (2017). Spiritual dryness in Catholic priests: Internal resources as possible buffers. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 9(1), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000063
7. Butler, L. D., Mercer, K. A., McClain-Meeder, K., Horne, D. M. & Dudley, M. (2019). Six domains of self-care: Attending to the whole person. Journal of Human
Behavior in the Social Environment, 29(1), 107-124. https://DOI:10.1080/10911359.2018.1482483
8. Casteel, A. & Bridier, N. L. (2021). Describing populations and samples in doctoral student research. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 16(1), 339-362. https://doi.org/10.28945/4766
9. Chai, C. P. (2020). The importance of data cleaning: three visualization examples. Chance, 33(1), 4-9. https://Doi:10.1080/09332480.2020.1726112
10. Chan, K., & Chen, M. (2019). Experience of Stress and Burnout among Pastors in China. Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling, 73(4), 232-237. Doi.org/10.1177/1542305019886533
11. Chan, K., & Wong, M. (2018). Experience of stress and coping strategies among pastors’ wives in China. Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling, 72(3), 163-171. https://doi.org/10.1177/1542305018782518
12. Choi, D. W., Han, K. T., Jeon, J., Ju, Y. J., & Park, E. C. (2020). Association between family conflict resolution methods and depressive symptoms in South Korea: a longitudinal study. Archives of women's mental health, 23, 123-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-019-00957-5
13. Clarke, M. A. (2021). Understanding clergy resilience: A mixed methods research study (Doctoral dissertation, University of Saskatchewan). https://hdl.handle.net/10388/13496
14. Creswell, J., W. & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. London, UK: Sage.
15. Currier, J. M., Rojas-Flores, L., McCormick, W. H., Hwang Koo, J., Cadavid, L., Pineda, F. A., Le Roux, E., & Givens, T. (2019). Spiritual struggles and ministry-related quality of life among faith leaders in Colombia. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 11(2), 148–156. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000194
16. Dunbar, S., Frederick, T., Thai, Y., & Gill, J. (2020). Calling, caring, and connecting: burnout in Christian ministry. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 23(2), 173-186. https://DOI:10.1080/13674676.2020.1744548
17. Eagle, D. E., Hybels, C. F., & Proeschold-Bell, R. J. (2019). Perceived social support, received social support, and depression among clergy. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(7), 2055-2073. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407518776134
18. Edwards, L., Bretherton, R., Gresswell, M., & Sabin-Farrell, R. (2020). The relationship between social support, spiritual well-being, and depression in Christian clergy: a systematic literature review. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 23(10), 857-873. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2020.1838459
19. Fee, C. (2018). CausesLyte of burnout among church leaders: A qualitative phenomenological study of pastors. (Unpublished Dissertation). Walden University. Retrieved from: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article¼6356&context¼ dissertations
20. Flick, U. (2017). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Collection. London, UK: Sage.
21. Fosco, G. M., & Lydon‐Staley, D. M. (2020). Implications of family cohesion and conflict for adolescent mood and well‐being: Examining within‐and between‐family processes on a daily timescale. Family Process, 59(4), 1672-1689. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12515
22. Francis, L. J., & DLitt, D. D. (2018). Resilience and Wellbeing in Ministry: An empirical enquiry within the Church of Scotland. https://www.churchofscotland.org.uk
23. French, K. A., Dumani, S., Allen, T. D., & Shockley, K. M. (2018). A meta-analysis of work–family conflict and social support. Psychological bulletin, 144(3), 284. doi: 10.1037/bul0000120
24. Gibson, C. B. (2017). Elaboration, generalization, triangulation, and interpretation: On enhancing the value of mixed method research. Organizational Research Methods, 20(2), 193-223. https://Doi:10.1177/1094428116639133
25. Goldberg-Looney, L. D., Sánchez-SanSegundo, M., Ferrer-Cascales, R., Smith, E. R., Albaladejo-Blazquez, N., & Perrin, P. B. (2015). Adolescent drinking in Spain: Family relationship quality, rules, communication, and behaviors. Children and Youth Services Review, 58, 236–243. https://doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.09.02
26. Grevenstein, D., Bluemke, M., Schweitzer, J., & Aguilar-Raab, C. (2019). Better family relationships––higher well-being: The connection between relationship quality and health related resources. Mental health & prevention, 14, 200160. https://Doi.org/10.1016/j.mph.2019.200160
27. Guzman, N. E. Q., & Teh, L. A. (2016). Understanding the stresses and coping resources of Filipino clergy families: A multiple-case study. Pastoral psychology, 65(4), 459-480. Doi.org/10.1007/s11089-016-0698-0
28. Hamm, A. K., & Eagle, D. E. (2021). Clergy Who Leave Congregational Ministry: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 49(4), 291-307. https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471211011597
29. Hayes Sr, T. O. (2020). A Phenomenological Investigation of the Resilience and Success of African-American Pastors Serving in the Church of God in Christ. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/2743
30. Hennink, M. M., Kaiser, B. N., & Weber, M. B. (2019). What influences saturation? Estimating sample sizes in focus group research. Qualitative health research, 29(10), 1483-1496. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732318821692
31. Hough, H., Proeschold-Bell, R., Liu, X., Weisner, C., Turner, E. ., Yao, J. (2018). Relationships between Sabbath observance and mental, physical, and spiritual health in clergy. Pastoral Psychology, 68(2), 171–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-018-0838-9
32. Hricová, M. (2020). The mediating role of self-care activities in the stress-burnout relationship. Health Psychology Report, 8(1), 1-9. Doi.org/10.5114/hpr.2019.89988
33. Jones, P. D. (2021). Perceived Factors Contributing to Job Burnout among Lutheran Pastors: A Qualitative Study (Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix). https://www.proquest.com/openview/bd0abee435f8bdb4cab5fd473a259206/.
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Published
2023-06-30
How to Cite
Makena, V. K., Wambugu, A. G., & Chiroma, N. H. (2023). Influence of Occupational Stress on Quality Family Relationship among Clergy: A Case of Christ is the Answer Ministries, Kenya. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 19(16), 135. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n16p135
Section
ESJ Social Sciences
Copyright (c) 2023 Veronica Kaari Makena, Anne G. Wambugu, Nathan H. Chiroma
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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