Résistance de la Tique Invasive Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus à la Nouvelle Gamme d’Acaricides Distribués en Côte d’Ivoire
Abstract
La tique Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) est un ectoparasite qui cause des dégâts importants dans les élevages de bovins en Côte d’Ivoire. Ce travail avait pour objectifs (i) de répertorier les acaricides distribués en Côte d’Ivoire pour le détiquage des bovins et (ii) d’évaluer le niveau de résistance-sensibilité de la tique R. (B.) microplus à la nouvelle game d’acaricides dans les élevages péri-urbains de bovins au sud de la Côte d’Ivoire, précisément dans la zone d’Azaguié où R. (B.) microplus a été découverte pour la première fois en Afrique de l’Ouest. La méthode de référence LPT (Larval Packet Test) standardisée par la FAO a été utilisée pour l’évaluation du niveau de résistance de cette tique invasive aux acaricides. Il ressort de l’étude que sept molécules acaricides sont officiellement commercialisés en Côte d’Ivoire pour le contrôle des tiques chez les bovins (Alphacyperméthrine, Cyperméthrine, Amitraz, Fluméthrine, Deltaméthrine, Fipronil et le Chlorpyriphos) sous divers noms commerciaux. Face aux échecs thérapeutiques recurents et aux plaintes des éleveurs, la nouvelle gamme d’acaricides proposée pour le détiquage des bovins est essentiellement constituée de produits à base de fipronil, de fluméthrine, de deltaméthrine ou de cyperméthrine associée au chlorpyriphos. Les resultats du LPT ont montré une variation de la résistance des populations de tiques R. (B.) microplus vis-à-vis d’un acaricide à l’autre. Les tiques ont présenté une résistance à la deltaméthrine et à la fluméthrine, mais un niveau de sensibilité acceptable (RR50<4) à l’association cyperméthrine-chlorpyriphos- butoxide de pipéronyl-citronnelle.
The tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) is an ectoparasite that causes significant damage in cattle farms in Côte d'Ivoire. The objectives of this work were (i) to inventory the acaricides marketed in Côte d'Ivoire for tick control in cattle and (ii) to estimate the level of resistance-sensitivity of R. (B.) microplus to the new range of acaricides in peri-urban cattle farms in southern Côte d'Ivoire, precisely in the Azaguié area where R. (B.) microplus was first discovered in West Africa. The reference method LPT (Larval Packet Test) standardized by the FAO was used to estimate the level of resistance of this invasive tick to acaricides. It appears from the study that seven acaricidal molecules are officially marketed in Côte d'Ivoire for the control of ticks in cattle (Alphacypermethrin, Cypermethrin, Amitraz, Flumethrin, Deltamethrin, Fipronil and Chlorpyriphos) under various trade names. Faced with recurrent treatment failures and farmers' complaints, the new range of acaricides proposed for tick control in cattle mainly consists of products based on fipronil, flumethrin, deltamethrin or cypermethrin combined with chlorpyrifos. The LPT results showed a variation of the resistance of R. (B.) microplus tick populations to one acaricide to another. The study showed a resistance of R. (B.) microplus tick populations to deltamethrin and flumethrin, but an acceptable level of R. (B.) microplus ticks susceptibility (RR50<4) to the association of acaricides (cypermethrin-chlorpyrifos-piperonyl butoxid-citronella).
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