Perception de la Sanction, Perception de la Justice Sociale et Attitude à l’Egard du Paiement de l’Impôt Chez les Chefs de Menage d'Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)
Abstract
En dépit de l’importance indéniable des recettes fiscales dans la constitution du budget de l’Etat et, par conséquent, pour le financement des projets d’utilité publique, un nombre de plus en plus élevé de contribuables en Côte d’Ivoire refusent de payer l’impôt en dissimulant leurs biens ou en les déclarant partiellement. La présente étude tente de comprendre cette situation en examinant l’incidence de la perception de la sanction encourue pour fraude ou évasion fiscale et de la perception de la justice sociale sur l’attitude à l’égard du paiement de l’impôt chez les chefs de ménage d’Abidjan. L’enquête porte sur un échantillon représentatif de 350 participants recrutés selon la technique de l’échantillonnage par quota. Les données sont recueillies grâce à un questionnaire et traitées à l’aide du test du « t de Student ». Les résultats obtenus corroborent nos hypothèses. D’une part, les chefs de ménage qui sous-estiment la sanction qu’ils encourent pour fraude ou évasion fiscale sont moins favorables au paiement de l’impôt que ceux qui surévaluent cette sanction. D’autre part, les chefs de ménage percevant une injustice sociale sont moins favorables au paiement de l’impôt que leurs pairs percevant une justice sociale.
Despite the undeniable importance of tax revenues in the constitution of the state budget and, consequently, for the financing of public utility projects, an increasing number of taxpayers in Côte d'Ivoire refuse to pay tax by concealing their property or by partially declaring it. This study attempts to understand this situation by examining the impact of the perception of the penalty incurred for tax evasion or fraud and the perception of social justice on the attitude towards paying tax among heads of households in Abidjan. The survey is based on a representative sample of 350 participants recruited using the quota sampling technique. The data are collected through a questionnaire and processed using Student's t-test. The results obtained corroborate our hypotheses. On the one hand, the heads of households who underestimate the penalty they incur for tax fraud or evasion are less favorable to paying the tax than those who overestimate this penalty. On the other hand, the heads of households perceiving a social injustice are less favorable to the payment of taxes than their peers perceiving a social justice.
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