Deferrisation Physicochimique des Eaux Souterraines: Revue
Keywords:
Déferrisation, eau potable, eau de consommation, caractéristique d’une eau, Physico-chimique
Abstract
Les sols ferrugineux que traversent les eaux souterraines perturbent parfois leur bonne qualité bactériologique, et influent fortement sur leur minéralisation. De nombreuses études dans les pays au sud du Sahara révèlent un fort taux d’abandon à cause des fortes teneurs en fer (0 à 50 mg/l voir plus dans certains pays). Cette étude qui s’inscrit comme une synthèse des travaux sur la déferrisation des eaux souterraines, est d’apporter une contribution à une meilleure compréhension des procédés existants et d’analyser les problèmes qu’ils rencontrent et qui pourront susciter davantage d’autres recherches dans le domaine. Les résultats ont permis de noter que plusieurs technologies physicochimiques ont été développées pour l’enlèvement du fer et faisant intervenir plusieurs procédés tels que l’oxydation, l’adsorption, la coagulation-floculation, la précipitation. L’oxydation est le procédé le plus utilisé pour l’enlèvement du fer dans les eaux souterraines. Plusieurs facteurs perturbent son efficacité, comme l’influence du pH dont une élévation accélère la cinétique des ions Fer(II) et une réduction dans le cas contraire. Dans le processus de coagulation-floculation un dosage excessif du coagulant peut abaisser le pH et par conséquent la vitesse d’oxygénation du fer tandis qu’un dosage insuffisant conduit à une qualité insuffisante de l’eau. Une baisse de la température augmente la viscosité de l’eau, ralentit ainsi la coagulation et la décantation des flocs et diminue la plage optimale du pH. Ces travaux suscitent la nécessité de réaliser des études plus poussées pour proposer des solutions pour améliorer l’oxydation sur laquelle repose en grande partie la déferrisation des eaux souterraines.
The ferruginous soils through which groundwater flows sometimes affect its bacteriological quality and have a strong influence on its mineralization. Numerous studies in countries south of the Sahara have revealed a high rate of abandonment due to high iron levels (0 to 50 mg/l or even more in some countries). The aim of this study, which is a synthesis of work on groundwater deferrization, is to contribute to a better understanding of existing processes and to analyze the problems they encounter, which may lead to further research in the field. The results show that several physicochemical technologies have been developed for iron removal, involving processes such as oxidation, adsorption, coagulation-flocculation and precipitation. Oxidation is the most widely used process for iron removal from groundwater. Several factors affect its effectiveness, such as the influence of pH, which accelerates the kinetics of iron (II) ions when raised and reduces them when lowered. In the coagulation-flocculation process, an excessive dosage of coagulant can lower pH and consequently the rate of iron oxygenation, while an insufficient dosage leads to poor water quality. A drop in temperature increases water viscosity, thus slowing down coagulation and floc settling, and reducing the optimum pH range. These findings suggest the need for further studies to propose solutions for improving oxidation, on which groundwater deferrization is largely based.
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2023-12-27
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Tiadjoue, B., Monkam, L., & Mbemmo, J. S. (2023). Deferrisation Physicochimique des Eaux Souterraines: Revue . European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 24, 899. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/17605
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