The Influence of Observability on The Adoption of Tissue Culture Banana Seedlings in Tanzania
Keywords:
Seedlings, Technology, Banana, Observability, Kilimanjaro
Abstract
In the seedling’s technology, Banana farming is undergoing a profound transformation with the integration of advanced technologies, referred to as tissue culture banana seedlings. The study delves into the empires of seedling technology and innovations adoption within the banana farming sector. We explore the dynamic interactions between Tissue culture innovation, and the farmer's adoption. The study adopted positivism philosophy, a cross-sectional survey design, and purposive sampling techniques. A sample size of 350 banana farmers in Kilimanjaro was drawn from the population of the study using Yamen formula for sample size determination. Since the outcome variable was dichotomous the binary logistic regression model was employed. The results indicate that, the highest mean was for the statement “Banana tissue culture seedlings grow faster compared to local suckers” (M=3.75), indicating the speed of growth is seen as a clear observable benefit. Standard deviations were relatively low, ranging from 0.826 to 0.872, indicating less variation in responses. These results suggest smallholder farmers perceive tissue culture banana seedlings as having moderately high observability, especially related to the visible benefits of faster planting growth and income generation compared to using local banana seedlings. We shed light on the adoption of tissue culture seedlings. Adoption is reshaping traditional suckers’ practices, enhancing productivity and business opportunity. Farmers adoption will leads to the economic development and job creation. Farmers markets provide opportunities for small farmers and businesses to sell their products, and support to meet the growing demand for locally produced food.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Metrics
Metrics Loading ...
References
1. Akala, B. M. (2021). Cost-effective banana (Musa paradisiaca) waste management and the welfare of banana farmers in Kakamega county Kenya.
2. Almekinders, C. J., Walsh, S., Jacobsen, K. S., Andrade-Piedra, J. L., McEwan, M. A., de Haan, S., ... & Staver, C. (2019). Why interventions in the seed systems of roots, tubers and bananas crops do not reach their full potential. Food Security, 11, 23-42.
3. Al-Jabri, I., & Sohail, M. S. (2012). Mobile banking adoption: Application of diffusion of innovation theory. Journal of electronic commerce research, 13(4), 379-391.
4. Askar, P., Usluel, Y. K., & Mumcu, F. K. (2006). Logistic regression modeling for predicting task-related ICT use in teaching. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 9(2), 141-151.
5. Aurore, G., Parfait, B., & Fahrasmane, L. (2009). Bananas, raw materials for making processed food products. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 20(2), 78-91.
6. Akech, V. (2023). Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Banana Breeding and Data Management. Introductory paper at the Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Horticulture and Crop Production Science, (2023: 3).
7. Bandewar, S. V., Wambugu, F., Richardson, E., & Lavery, J. V. (2017). The role of community engagement in the adoption of new agricultural biotechnologies by farmers: the case of the Africa harvest tissue-culture banana in Kenya. BMC biotechnology, 17(1), 1-11.
8. Bedasa, Y., & Deksisa, K. (2024). Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 15, 100978.
9. Busogoro, J. P., Suleman, J. T., Ameny, T., Ndamugoba, D., Najjemba, A., Kirichu, S., ... & Okoth, J. R. (2023). Reviving The Banana Industry In Malawi Through Integrated Crop Management Of Local Banana Germplasm. Tropical Agriculture And Development, 67(1), 1-14.
10. Erick, O. N., Mucheru-Muna, M., Mburu, B. K., & Odawa, A. A. (2024). Accessing the Advantages of Tissue Culture Bananas Technology Production of Banana Farmers in Kisii County, Kenya. Environmental Challenges, 100843.
11. Erol, M. H., Dönmez, D., Biçen, B., Şimşek, Ö., & Kaçar, Y. A. (2023). Modern Approaches to In Vitro Clonal Banana Production: Next-Generation Tissue Culture Systems. Horticulturae, 9(10), 1154.
12. Farooq, M., & Pisante, M. (Eds.). (2019). Innovations in sustainable agriculture (pp. 1-627). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
13. Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (3rd ed.). London: Sage Publications Ltd.
14. Hamed, N. A., Gamal Edeen, A. S., & Sallam, A. A. (2024). Cytopathological effects of banana bunchy top virus and production of BBTV free banana plants using in vitro culture technique. Journal of Applied Plant Protection, 13(1), 1-7.
15. Henry, R. (2020). Innovations in agriculture and food supply in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Molecular plant, 13(8), 1095-1097.
16. Hsieh, P. Y. H., & Ofori, J. A. (2007). Innovations in food technology for health. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 16(S1), 65-73.
17. Indimuli, R. (2013). Factors Influencing the discontinuance in adoption of tissue culture banana technology: A study of smallholder farmers in Maragwa district (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
18. Kabunga, N. S., Dubois, T., & Qaim, M. (2014). Impact of tissue culture banana technology on farm household income and food security in Kenya. Food policy, 45, 25-34.
19. Kairu, E. K. (2020). The Influence of agricultural innovative strategies on banana productivity among smallholder farmers in Kirinyaga County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, Strathmore University).
20. Khan, N., Ray, R. L., Kassem, H. S., Hussain, S., Zhang, S., Khayyam, M., ... & Asongu, S. A. (2021). Potential role of technology innovation in transformation of sustainable food systems: A review. Agriculture, 11(10), 984.
21. Kikulwe, E. M., Nowakunda, K., Byabachwezi, M. S. R., Nkuba, J. M., Namaganda, J., Talengera, D., ... & Tushemereirwe, W. K. (2007). Development and dissemination of improved banana cultivars and management practices in Uganda and Tanzania. An economic assessment of banana genetic improvement and innovation in the Lake Victoria region of Uganda and Tanzania, 37-48.
22. Kirimi, F. K., Onyari, C. N., Njeru, L. K., & Mogaka, H. R. (2023). Effect of on-farm testing on adoption of banana production technologies among smallholder farmers in Meru region, Kenya. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 13(1), 90-105.
23. Kikulwe, E. M., Nowakunda, K., Byabachwezi, M. S. R., Nkuba, J. M., Namaganda, J., Talengera, D., ... & Tushemereirwe, W. K. (2007). Development and dissemination of improved banana cultivars and management practices in Uganda and Tanzania. An economic assessment of banana genetic improvement and innovation in the Lake Victoria region of Uganda and Tanzania, 37-48.
24. Krismawan, A. (2014). Pengaruh komponen penerimaan teknologi dan difusi inovasi terhadap niat berperilaku menggunakan telepon pintar (Doctoral dissertation, UAJY).
25. Langat, B. K., Ngéno, V. K., Nyangweso, P. M., Mutwol, M. J., Gohole, L., & Yaninek, S. (2013). Drivers of technology adoption in a subsistence economy: The case of tissue culture bananas in Western Kenya (No. 309-2016-5311).
26. Lucas, S., & Jomanga, K. (2021). The status of banana production in Tanzania; a review of threats and opportunities. Int. J. Curr. Sci. Res. Rev, 4, 1260-1275.
27. Madalla, N. A., Swennen, R., Brown, A., Carpentier, S., Van den Bergh, I., Crichton, R., ... & Ortiz, R. (2023). Farmers' preferences for East African highland cooking banana'Matooke'hybrids and local cultivars. Agriculture & Food Security, 12(1), 1-20.
28. Madalla, N. A. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae.
29. Manju, P. R., & Pushpalatha, P. B. (2020). Macropropagated plantlets in banana: Performance evaluation with suckers and tissue culture plants in Grand Naine and Nendran. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 58(2).
30. Makhsunah, I. T., Habibi, A. M., Khofifa, R. A. N., & Ubaidillah, M. (2023). Efficient Regeneration Local Banana Tissue Culture Using Floral Apices By Cytokinin Combination. Jurnal Bioteknologi Dan Biosains Indonesia, 10(2), 355-360.
31. Mbo Nkoulou, L. F., Fifen Nkouandou, Y., Bille Ngalle, H., Cros, D., Martin, G., Molo, T., ... & Achigan-Dako, E. G. (2024). Screening of triploid banana population under natural and controlled black sigatoka disease for genomic selection. Plant Disease, (ja).
32. Menon, N. M., & Sujatha, I. (2021, March). Influence of Rogers’ theory of innovation of diffusion on customer’s purchase intention–a case study of solar photovoltaic panels. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1114, No. 1, p. 012059). IOP Publishing.
33. Mishra, P., Mishra, R. R., & Adetunji, C. O. (2020). Innovations in Food Technology.
34. Mukasa, A. N. (2018). Technology adoption and risk exposure among smallholder farmers: Panel data evidence from Tanzania and Uganda. World Development, 105, 299-309.
35. Morkovina, S., Kunickaya, O. G., Dolmatova, L., Markov, O., Nguyen, V. L., Baranova, T., ... & Grin’ko, O. (2021). Comparative analysis of economic aspects of growing seedlings with closed and open root systems: the experience of Russia. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 18(2), 19-26.
36. Muliadi, M. R., & Usman, B. (2024). Analysis of e-wallet application adoption through the diffusion of innovation theory approach (study of e-wallet application users in Bengkulu city). Jurnal Mantik, 7(4), 3001-3011.
37. Mulugo, L., Kyazze, F. B., Kibwika, P., Omondi, B. A., & Kikulwe, E. M. (2020). Seed security factors driving farmer decisions on uptake of tissue culture banana seed in Central Uganda. Sustainability, 12(23), 10223.
38. Mulugo, L., Kyazze, F. B., Kibwika, P., Kikulwe, E., Omondi, A. B., & Ajambo, S. (2020). Unravelling technology-acceptance factors influencing farmer use of banana tissue culture planting materials in Central Uganda. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 12(4), 453-465.
39. Navik, P., Kumar, D., Raghavendra, S., Padmavati, A., Shamim, M. D., & Srivastava, D. (2023). Tissue Culture Technology Intervention in Red Dacca and Cavendish Banana for Nutritive Value Enhancement Under Organic Farming in India. In Transforming Organic Agri-Produce into Processed Food Products (pp. 395-424). Apple Academic Press.
40. Omari, E. N., Mucheru-Muna, M., & Mburu, B. K. (2024). Socioeconomic factors influencing the uptake of tissue culture banana technology in Kisii County, Kenya. Environmental Challenges, 14, 100812.
41. Pansara, R. (2023). Seeding the Future by Exploring Innovation and Absorptive Capacity in Agriculture 4.0 and Agtechs. International Journal of Sustainable Development in Computing Science, 5(2), 46-59.
42. Parisot, A.H. (1997). Distance education as a catalyst for changing teaching in the community college: Implications for institutional policy. New Directions for Community Colleges, 99, 5-13.
43. Paul, P., Pennell, M. L., & Lemeshow, S. (2013). Standardizing the power of the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit test in large data sets. Statistics in medicine, 32(1), 67-80
44. Peshin, R., Bano, F., & Kumar, R. (2019). Diffusion and adoption: factors impacting adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Natural Resource Management: Ecological Perspectives, 235-253.
45. Rogers, E.M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York: Free Press.
46. Rogers, E. M., & Williams, D. (1983). Diffusion of. Innovations (Glencoe, IL: The Free Press, 1962).
47. Sahin, I. (2006). Detailed review of Rogers' diffusion of innovations theory and educational technology-related studies based on Rogers' theory. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 5(2), 14-23.
48. Soule Adam, N., Temple, L., Mathe, S., & Kwa, M. (2022, August). Functional dynamics to strengthen an agroecological technological innovation: the case of seedlings from stem fragments (PIF) plantain propagation technology in Cameroon. In XXXI International Horticultural Congress (IHC2022): International Symposium on Value Adding and Innovation Management in the 1380 (pp. 111-118).
49. Surdianto, Y., Nurawan, A., Sutrisna, N., Susanto, H., Hamdani, K. K., & Nadjib, N. A. (2023, May). Development of Shallots Seedling Based on Farmer Groups in Pangandaran Regency, West Java Province. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1177, No. 1, p. 012002). IOP Publishing.
50. Statistics, (2024 Feb 1) “Agriculture and rural development”: Bananas Statistics production, prices, and trade. https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/data-and analysis/markets/overviews/market-observatories/fruit-and-vegetables/bananas-statistics_en
51. Tandari, M. C. (2004). The Tanzania development vision 2025. Dear Partners, Friends & Interested Readers, 63.
52. Temple, L., Kwa, M., Tetang, J., & Bikoi, A. (2011). Organizational determinant of technological innovation in food agriculture and impacts on sustainable development. Agronomy for sustainable development, 31, 745-755.
53. Tristiyanti, N. D. (2017). Pengaruh Keunggulan Relatif, Kompatibilitas, Persepsi Kegunaan, Kemampuan Untu K Dilihat, Dan Persepsi Resiko Terhadap Adopsi Mobile Banking Bagi Nasabah B Ca Di Surabaya (Doctoral Dissertation, Stie Perbanas Surabaya).
54. Tumaini, S., Gwahula, R., & Macha, S. (2024). The Influence of Complexity on the Adoption of Tissue Culture Banana Seedlings in Tanzania. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 5(1), 148-157.
55. Umar, A. M., & Wachiko, B. (2021). Tara Yamane (1967), Taro Yamane Method For Sample Size Calculation. The Survey Causes Of Mathematics Anxiety Among Secondary School Students In Minna Metropolis. Mathematical Association Of Nigeria (Man), 46(1), 188.
56. Uwimana, B., Nakato, G. V., Kanaabi, R., Nasuuna, C., Mwanje, G., Mahuku, G. S., ... & Shah, T. (2024). Identification of the Loci Associated with Resistance to Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum) Using DArTSeq Markers and Continuous Mapping. Horticulturae, 10(1), 87.
57. Wahome, C. N., Maingi, J. M., Ombori, O., Kimiti, J. M., & Njeru, E. M. (2021). Banana production trends, cultivar diversity, and tissue culture technologies uptake in Kenya. International Journal of Agronomy, 2021, 1-11.
58. Walfish, S. (2006). A review of statistical outlier methods. Pharmaceutical technology, 30(11), 82.
59. Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An introductory analysis (2nd Ed.). New York: Harper and Row.
60. Zolait, A. H. S., & Sulaiman, A. (2008). Incorporating the Innovation Attributes Introduced by Rogers' Theory into Theory of Reasoned Action: An Examination of Internet Banking Adoption in Yemen. Comput. Inf. Sci., 1(1), 36-51.
2. Almekinders, C. J., Walsh, S., Jacobsen, K. S., Andrade-Piedra, J. L., McEwan, M. A., de Haan, S., ... & Staver, C. (2019). Why interventions in the seed systems of roots, tubers and bananas crops do not reach their full potential. Food Security, 11, 23-42.
3. Al-Jabri, I., & Sohail, M. S. (2012). Mobile banking adoption: Application of diffusion of innovation theory. Journal of electronic commerce research, 13(4), 379-391.
4. Askar, P., Usluel, Y. K., & Mumcu, F. K. (2006). Logistic regression modeling for predicting task-related ICT use in teaching. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 9(2), 141-151.
5. Aurore, G., Parfait, B., & Fahrasmane, L. (2009). Bananas, raw materials for making processed food products. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 20(2), 78-91.
6. Akech, V. (2023). Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Banana Breeding and Data Management. Introductory paper at the Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Horticulture and Crop Production Science, (2023: 3).
7. Bandewar, S. V., Wambugu, F., Richardson, E., & Lavery, J. V. (2017). The role of community engagement in the adoption of new agricultural biotechnologies by farmers: the case of the Africa harvest tissue-culture banana in Kenya. BMC biotechnology, 17(1), 1-11.
8. Bedasa, Y., & Deksisa, K. (2024). Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 15, 100978.
9. Busogoro, J. P., Suleman, J. T., Ameny, T., Ndamugoba, D., Najjemba, A., Kirichu, S., ... & Okoth, J. R. (2023). Reviving The Banana Industry In Malawi Through Integrated Crop Management Of Local Banana Germplasm. Tropical Agriculture And Development, 67(1), 1-14.
10. Erick, O. N., Mucheru-Muna, M., Mburu, B. K., & Odawa, A. A. (2024). Accessing the Advantages of Tissue Culture Bananas Technology Production of Banana Farmers in Kisii County, Kenya. Environmental Challenges, 100843.
11. Erol, M. H., Dönmez, D., Biçen, B., Şimşek, Ö., & Kaçar, Y. A. (2023). Modern Approaches to In Vitro Clonal Banana Production: Next-Generation Tissue Culture Systems. Horticulturae, 9(10), 1154.
12. Farooq, M., & Pisante, M. (Eds.). (2019). Innovations in sustainable agriculture (pp. 1-627). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
13. Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (3rd ed.). London: Sage Publications Ltd.
14. Hamed, N. A., Gamal Edeen, A. S., & Sallam, A. A. (2024). Cytopathological effects of banana bunchy top virus and production of BBTV free banana plants using in vitro culture technique. Journal of Applied Plant Protection, 13(1), 1-7.
15. Henry, R. (2020). Innovations in agriculture and food supply in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Molecular plant, 13(8), 1095-1097.
16. Hsieh, P. Y. H., & Ofori, J. A. (2007). Innovations in food technology for health. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 16(S1), 65-73.
17. Indimuli, R. (2013). Factors Influencing the discontinuance in adoption of tissue culture banana technology: A study of smallholder farmers in Maragwa district (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
18. Kabunga, N. S., Dubois, T., & Qaim, M. (2014). Impact of tissue culture banana technology on farm household income and food security in Kenya. Food policy, 45, 25-34.
19. Kairu, E. K. (2020). The Influence of agricultural innovative strategies on banana productivity among smallholder farmers in Kirinyaga County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, Strathmore University).
20. Khan, N., Ray, R. L., Kassem, H. S., Hussain, S., Zhang, S., Khayyam, M., ... & Asongu, S. A. (2021). Potential role of technology innovation in transformation of sustainable food systems: A review. Agriculture, 11(10), 984.
21. Kikulwe, E. M., Nowakunda, K., Byabachwezi, M. S. R., Nkuba, J. M., Namaganda, J., Talengera, D., ... & Tushemereirwe, W. K. (2007). Development and dissemination of improved banana cultivars and management practices in Uganda and Tanzania. An economic assessment of banana genetic improvement and innovation in the Lake Victoria region of Uganda and Tanzania, 37-48.
22. Kirimi, F. K., Onyari, C. N., Njeru, L. K., & Mogaka, H. R. (2023). Effect of on-farm testing on adoption of banana production technologies among smallholder farmers in Meru region, Kenya. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 13(1), 90-105.
23. Kikulwe, E. M., Nowakunda, K., Byabachwezi, M. S. R., Nkuba, J. M., Namaganda, J., Talengera, D., ... & Tushemereirwe, W. K. (2007). Development and dissemination of improved banana cultivars and management practices in Uganda and Tanzania. An economic assessment of banana genetic improvement and innovation in the Lake Victoria region of Uganda and Tanzania, 37-48.
24. Krismawan, A. (2014). Pengaruh komponen penerimaan teknologi dan difusi inovasi terhadap niat berperilaku menggunakan telepon pintar (Doctoral dissertation, UAJY).
25. Langat, B. K., Ngéno, V. K., Nyangweso, P. M., Mutwol, M. J., Gohole, L., & Yaninek, S. (2013). Drivers of technology adoption in a subsistence economy: The case of tissue culture bananas in Western Kenya (No. 309-2016-5311).
26. Lucas, S., & Jomanga, K. (2021). The status of banana production in Tanzania; a review of threats and opportunities. Int. J. Curr. Sci. Res. Rev, 4, 1260-1275.
27. Madalla, N. A., Swennen, R., Brown, A., Carpentier, S., Van den Bergh, I., Crichton, R., ... & Ortiz, R. (2023). Farmers' preferences for East African highland cooking banana'Matooke'hybrids and local cultivars. Agriculture & Food Security, 12(1), 1-20.
28. Madalla, N. A. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae.
29. Manju, P. R., & Pushpalatha, P. B. (2020). Macropropagated plantlets in banana: Performance evaluation with suckers and tissue culture plants in Grand Naine and Nendran. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 58(2).
30. Makhsunah, I. T., Habibi, A. M., Khofifa, R. A. N., & Ubaidillah, M. (2023). Efficient Regeneration Local Banana Tissue Culture Using Floral Apices By Cytokinin Combination. Jurnal Bioteknologi Dan Biosains Indonesia, 10(2), 355-360.
31. Mbo Nkoulou, L. F., Fifen Nkouandou, Y., Bille Ngalle, H., Cros, D., Martin, G., Molo, T., ... & Achigan-Dako, E. G. (2024). Screening of triploid banana population under natural and controlled black sigatoka disease for genomic selection. Plant Disease, (ja).
32. Menon, N. M., & Sujatha, I. (2021, March). Influence of Rogers’ theory of innovation of diffusion on customer’s purchase intention–a case study of solar photovoltaic panels. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1114, No. 1, p. 012059). IOP Publishing.
33. Mishra, P., Mishra, R. R., & Adetunji, C. O. (2020). Innovations in Food Technology.
34. Mukasa, A. N. (2018). Technology adoption and risk exposure among smallholder farmers: Panel data evidence from Tanzania and Uganda. World Development, 105, 299-309.
35. Morkovina, S., Kunickaya, O. G., Dolmatova, L., Markov, O., Nguyen, V. L., Baranova, T., ... & Grin’ko, O. (2021). Comparative analysis of economic aspects of growing seedlings with closed and open root systems: the experience of Russia. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 18(2), 19-26.
36. Muliadi, M. R., & Usman, B. (2024). Analysis of e-wallet application adoption through the diffusion of innovation theory approach (study of e-wallet application users in Bengkulu city). Jurnal Mantik, 7(4), 3001-3011.
37. Mulugo, L., Kyazze, F. B., Kibwika, P., Omondi, B. A., & Kikulwe, E. M. (2020). Seed security factors driving farmer decisions on uptake of tissue culture banana seed in Central Uganda. Sustainability, 12(23), 10223.
38. Mulugo, L., Kyazze, F. B., Kibwika, P., Kikulwe, E., Omondi, A. B., & Ajambo, S. (2020). Unravelling technology-acceptance factors influencing farmer use of banana tissue culture planting materials in Central Uganda. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 12(4), 453-465.
39. Navik, P., Kumar, D., Raghavendra, S., Padmavati, A., Shamim, M. D., & Srivastava, D. (2023). Tissue Culture Technology Intervention in Red Dacca and Cavendish Banana for Nutritive Value Enhancement Under Organic Farming in India. In Transforming Organic Agri-Produce into Processed Food Products (pp. 395-424). Apple Academic Press.
40. Omari, E. N., Mucheru-Muna, M., & Mburu, B. K. (2024). Socioeconomic factors influencing the uptake of tissue culture banana technology in Kisii County, Kenya. Environmental Challenges, 14, 100812.
41. Pansara, R. (2023). Seeding the Future by Exploring Innovation and Absorptive Capacity in Agriculture 4.0 and Agtechs. International Journal of Sustainable Development in Computing Science, 5(2), 46-59.
42. Parisot, A.H. (1997). Distance education as a catalyst for changing teaching in the community college: Implications for institutional policy. New Directions for Community Colleges, 99, 5-13.
43. Paul, P., Pennell, M. L., & Lemeshow, S. (2013). Standardizing the power of the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit test in large data sets. Statistics in medicine, 32(1), 67-80
44. Peshin, R., Bano, F., & Kumar, R. (2019). Diffusion and adoption: factors impacting adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Natural Resource Management: Ecological Perspectives, 235-253.
45. Rogers, E.M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York: Free Press.
46. Rogers, E. M., & Williams, D. (1983). Diffusion of. Innovations (Glencoe, IL: The Free Press, 1962).
47. Sahin, I. (2006). Detailed review of Rogers' diffusion of innovations theory and educational technology-related studies based on Rogers' theory. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 5(2), 14-23.
48. Soule Adam, N., Temple, L., Mathe, S., & Kwa, M. (2022, August). Functional dynamics to strengthen an agroecological technological innovation: the case of seedlings from stem fragments (PIF) plantain propagation technology in Cameroon. In XXXI International Horticultural Congress (IHC2022): International Symposium on Value Adding and Innovation Management in the 1380 (pp. 111-118).
49. Surdianto, Y., Nurawan, A., Sutrisna, N., Susanto, H., Hamdani, K. K., & Nadjib, N. A. (2023, May). Development of Shallots Seedling Based on Farmer Groups in Pangandaran Regency, West Java Province. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1177, No. 1, p. 012002). IOP Publishing.
50. Statistics, (2024 Feb 1) “Agriculture and rural development”: Bananas Statistics production, prices, and trade. https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/data-and analysis/markets/overviews/market-observatories/fruit-and-vegetables/bananas-statistics_en
51. Tandari, M. C. (2004). The Tanzania development vision 2025. Dear Partners, Friends & Interested Readers, 63.
52. Temple, L., Kwa, M., Tetang, J., & Bikoi, A. (2011). Organizational determinant of technological innovation in food agriculture and impacts on sustainable development. Agronomy for sustainable development, 31, 745-755.
53. Tristiyanti, N. D. (2017). Pengaruh Keunggulan Relatif, Kompatibilitas, Persepsi Kegunaan, Kemampuan Untu K Dilihat, Dan Persepsi Resiko Terhadap Adopsi Mobile Banking Bagi Nasabah B Ca Di Surabaya (Doctoral Dissertation, Stie Perbanas Surabaya).
54. Tumaini, S., Gwahula, R., & Macha, S. (2024). The Influence of Complexity on the Adoption of Tissue Culture Banana Seedlings in Tanzania. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 5(1), 148-157.
55. Umar, A. M., & Wachiko, B. (2021). Tara Yamane (1967), Taro Yamane Method For Sample Size Calculation. The Survey Causes Of Mathematics Anxiety Among Secondary School Students In Minna Metropolis. Mathematical Association Of Nigeria (Man), 46(1), 188.
56. Uwimana, B., Nakato, G. V., Kanaabi, R., Nasuuna, C., Mwanje, G., Mahuku, G. S., ... & Shah, T. (2024). Identification of the Loci Associated with Resistance to Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum) Using DArTSeq Markers and Continuous Mapping. Horticulturae, 10(1), 87.
57. Wahome, C. N., Maingi, J. M., Ombori, O., Kimiti, J. M., & Njeru, E. M. (2021). Banana production trends, cultivar diversity, and tissue culture technologies uptake in Kenya. International Journal of Agronomy, 2021, 1-11.
58. Walfish, S. (2006). A review of statistical outlier methods. Pharmaceutical technology, 30(11), 82.
59. Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An introductory analysis (2nd Ed.). New York: Harper and Row.
60. Zolait, A. H. S., & Sulaiman, A. (2008). Incorporating the Innovation Attributes Introduced by Rogers' Theory into Theory of Reasoned Action: An Examination of Internet Banking Adoption in Yemen. Comput. Inf. Sci., 1(1), 36-51.
Published
2024-02-18
How to Cite
Tumaini, S., Ghahula, R., & Macha, S. (2024). The Influence of Observability on The Adoption of Tissue Culture Banana Seedlings in Tanzania. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 26, 305. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/17781
Section
ESI Preprints
Copyright (c) 2024 Tumaini Steven, Ghahula Raphael, Macha Salvio
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
.jpg)
