Effect of Compensation System on Employee Engagement in Fairtrade Horticultural Firms in Kenya
Keywords:
Compensation System, Employee Engagement, Extrinsic Incentive system, Fairtrade, Horticultural Firms
Abstract
While most people understand that engaged employees are often happier and more satisfied in their job, the main reason that engagement is now a focal point is because it leads to real business results. Emotional states are hard to understand and measure. Employees are becoming key business drivers for any organization. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of compensation system on employee engagement in Fairtrade horticultural firms in Kenya. A cross-sectional descriptive survey research design was adopted. The study targeted 17 fairtrade horticultural firms as unit of analysis and 5,600 employees as the unit of observation. The sample size was 373 respondents drawn from low level, middle level, and top-level management. The study relied mainly on primary data. The study adopted stratified and simple random sampling techniques. After the stratification of the respondents into strata, simple random sampling was adopted to pick up the respondents. The researcher used questionnaire as the research instrument. Descriptive and inferential analysis were computed using SPSS version 26. In order to analyze the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable the study used Regression analysis at 5% level of significance. The findings indicated that compensation system has a positive and significant effect on employee engagement in Fairtrade horticultural firms in Kenya. The study concluded that compensation system contributes significantly to the employee engagement in Fairtrade horticultural firms in Kenya. From the results, the study recommended the need for horticultural firm to strengthen their compensation system aspects. In particular, the firms should develop better compensation systems since they offer an incentive for personnel training and development which enhances efficiency within the firm.
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References
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8. Ariussanto, K. A. P., Tarigan, Z. J. H., MM, D., br Sitepu, R., & Singh, D. S. K. (2020). Leadership style, employee engagement, and work environment to employee performance in manufacturing companies (Doctoral dissertation, EDP Sciences).
9. Arzamasova, G. S., & Esaulova, I. A. (2021). Analysis of the environmental employee engagement: A case of a Russian enterprise. Upravlenec, 12(3).
10. Atik, A., Indrayani, I., Khaddafi, M., & Windayati, D. T. (2023). The influence of transformational leadership, employee engagement, and work environment, on the performance of employees with work discipline as intervening at the general bureau of the regional secretariat of riau islands province. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 3(1), 59-82.
11. Azmy, A. (2019). Employee engagement factors in a higher education institution. Binus Business Review, 10(3), 187-200.
12. Bhardwaj, A., Mishra, S., & Jain, T. K. (2021). Analysis of strategic leadership for organizational transformation and employee engagement. Materials Today: Proceedings, 37, 161-165.
13. Biriowu, C. S., & Ofurum, U. A. (2020). Employee engagement and organizational survival. World Journal of Innovative Research, 9(5), 79-92.
14. Chacha, P. W., Kirui, B. K., & Wiedemann, V. (2024). Supply chains in times of crisis: Evidence from Kenya’s production network. World Development, 173, 106363.
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16. Chepoghisho, L. L. (2019). Performance Of The Kenyan Cut Flower Exports; An Empirical Investigation (1986-2018) (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
17. Chomba, S. J., & Nyang’au, S. P. (2019). Influence of entrepreneurial competencies on the growth of small and micro enterprises in the agricultural industry in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. International Academic Journal of Innovation, Leadership and Entrepreneurship, 2(3), 1-13.
18. Christianto, R. D. P. (2021). The Influence of Servant Leadership and Employee Compensation on Employee Engagement Through Employee Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable at PT Indonesia Power Suralaya Power Generation Unit. Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 118-128.
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22. Ferine, K. F., Risdwiyanto, A., Nurfauzi, Y., & Kraugusteeliana, K. (2023). Compensation's Impact On Employee Engagement And Performance. Gemilang: Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi, 3(2), 164-178.
23. Gachui, J. G. (2022). Predictors of Employee Performance at the Ministry of Education in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-COHRED).
24. Hameduddin, T. (2021). Employee engagement among public employees: Exploring the role of the (perceived) external environment. The American Review of Public Administration, 51(7), 526-541.
25. Hassan, M., Azmat, U., Sarwar, S., Adil, I. H., & Gillani, S. H. M. (2020). Impact of job satisfaction, job stress and motivation on job performance: a case from private universities of karachi. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Kuwait Chapter), 9(2), 76-86.
26. Hemasih, H., Eliyin, E., Rayuwati, R., & Yustisar, M. (2022). The Effect of Supervision, Leadership, And Compensation on Employee Engagement in PT Prima Mas Indonesia. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 3(4), 972-984.
27. Hendriks, M., Burger, M., & Commandeur, H. (2023). The influence of CEO compensation on employee engagement. Review of Managerial Science, 17(2), 607-633.
28. Hossen, M. M., Chan, T. J., & Hasan, N. A. M. (2020). Mediating role of job satisfaction on internal corporate social responsibility practices and employee engagement in higher education sector. Contemporary Management Research, 16(3), 207-227.
29. Hussain, S. D., Khaliq, A., Nisar, Q. A., Kamboh, A. Z., & Ali, S. (2019). The impact of employees’ recognition, rewards and job stress on job performance: mediating role of perceived organization support. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 2(2), 69-82.
30. Jeha, H., Knio, M., & Bellos, G. (2022). The Impact of Compensation Practices on Employees' Engagement and Motivation in Times of COVID-19. COVID-19: Tackling Global Pandemics through Scientific and Social Tools, 131-149.
31. Jeni, F. A., Mutsuddi, P., & Das, S. (2020). The impact of rewards on employee performance: a study of commercial banks in Noakhali Region. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 26(9), 28-43.
32. Judeh, M. (2021). Effect of work environment on employee engagement: Mediating role of ethical decision-making. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(3), 221.
33. Kaaria, S. K. (2022). Investigating the Working Conditions of Women in the Flower Farms in Thika Sub-county in Kiambu County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, university of nairobi).
34. Kamau, S. W., & Nyang’au, P. S. (2019). Effect of Employee Motivation on Employee Performance in Non-Profit Organizations in Kenya: A Case Study of the Fred Hollows Foundation Kenya. International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(2), 162-172.
35. Kariuki, C. W., & Kiiru, D. (2021). Employee recognition and employee performance at public hospitals in Nyeri County, Kenya. International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration, 3(10), 243-264.
36. Kim, M., & Kim, J. (2021). Corporate social responsibility, employee engagement, well-being and the task performance of frontline employees. Management Decision, 59(8), 2040-2056.
37. Kogo, B. K., Kumar, L., & Koech, R. (2021). Climate change and variability in Kenya: a review of impacts on agriculture and food security. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23, 23-43.
38. Maisoni, H., Yasri, Y., & Abror, A. (2019). Effect of organizational culture, leadership and compensation on employee engagement in coca-cola amatil indonesia central sumatra. In 2nd Padang International Conference on Education, Economics, Business and Accounting (PICEEBA-2 2018) (pp. 553-561). Atlantis Press.
39. Manzoor, F., Wei, L., & Asif, M. (2021). Intrinsic rewards and employee's performance with the mediating mechanism of employee's motivation. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 563070.
40. Mensah, R. O., Agyemang, F., Acquah, A., Babah, P. A., & Dontoh, J. (2020). Discourses on conceptual and theoretical frameworks in research: Meaning and implications for researchers. Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies, 4(5), 53-64.
41. Moore, J. R., & Hanson, W. (2022). Improving leader effectiveness: impact on employee engagement and retention. Journal of Management Development, 41(7/8), 450-468.
42. Muindi, F. (2020). Work Life Balance Practices Adopted In Horticultural Farms In Kenya. DBA Africa Management Review, 5(3).
43. Mwangi, N. (2019). The power to flourish: Unearthing the roots of Kenyan flower producers' market access strategies (Doctoral dissertation, University of Cambridge).
44. Mwaruta, S. S. (2022). Occupational Safety and Health Training and Performance of Cement Manufacturing Firms in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-COHRED).
45. Nasidi, Y., Makera, A. U., Kamaruddeen, A. M., & Jemaku, I. M. (2019). Assessing the impact of work environment on employee engagement among non-academic staff of the University. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 2(1), 57-68.
46. Nasir Ansari, J. A., & Irfan, S. (2023). Corporate social responsibility and employee engagement: the mediating role of personal environmental norms and employee green behavior. Social Responsibility Journal.
47. Ngwa, W. T., Adeleke, B. S., Agbaeze, E. K., Ghasi, N. C., & Imhanrenialena, B. O. (2019). Effect of extrinsic incentive system on employee engagement among selected manufacturing firms in the Litoral region of Cameroon. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 18(3), 1-16.
48. Ningsih, M. A., Wijaya, Y. K., Muntahari, S., & Damayanti, N. (2023). The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee Satisfaction, Employee Performance, and Employee Engagement: The Insurance and Pension Fund Service. International Journal Of Applied Business Research, 88-100.
49. Nnko, E. E. (2022). Flexible Work Arrangements on Performance of Nurses in Regional Hospitals in Tanzania (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-COHRED).
50. Okonkwo, A. O. (2023). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STAFF MOTIVATION AND THE PERFORMANCE OF THE STUDIED ORGANIZATIONS IN BAYELSA STATE. European Journal of Marketing and Mangement Sciences, 6(5), 61-76.
51. Opondo, M. M. (2019). Trade Policy in the Cut Flower Industry in Kenya.
52. Patricia, N. M., & Asoba, S. N. (2021). Theories of job satisfaction in the higher education context. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 27(2), 1-16.
53. Pranitasari, D., Trianah, L., & Nuriandini, R. (2019) The Effect Of Compensation And Working Environment To Employee Engagement.
54. Rahmayani, E. F., Hetami, A. A., & Aransyah, M. F. (2021). Effect Of Competency And Compensation On Employee Engagement And Their Impact On Performance Of Organic Employees Pt Pelabuhan Indonesia Iv (Persero) Samarinda Branch. Jurnal MD, 7(2), 249-275.
55. Rasool, S. F., Wang, M., Tang, M., Saeed, A., & Iqbal, J. (2021). How toxic workplace environment effects the employee engagement: The mediating role of organizational support and employee wellbeing. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(5), 2294.
56. Raza, A., Farrukh, M., Iqbal, M. K., Farhan, M., & Wu, Y. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and employees' voluntary pro‐environmental behavior: The role of organizational pride and employee engagement. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(3), 1104-1116.
57. Robianto, F., & Masdupi, E. (2020). The effect of career development, compensation, work environment and job satisfaction on work engagement. In 4th Padang International Conference on Education, Economics, Business and Accounting (PICEEBA-2 2019) (pp. 737-748). Atlantis Press.
58. Sari, S. M., & Ranihusna, D. (2019). Build the positive work environment with work engagement. Management Analysis Journal, 8(3), 340-349.
59. Setiawan, A. H., & Negoro, D. A. (2023). Relationship Between Career Development, Employee Engagement and Employee Performance. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(1), 4679-4688.
60. Sudiro, A., Adi, A., & Fakhri, R. (2021). Engaging employees through compensation fairness, job Involvement, organizational commitment: the roles of employee spirituality. Management Science Letters, 11(5), 1499-1508.
61. Sun, L., & Bunchapattanasakda, C. (2019). Employee engagement: A literature review. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9(1), 63-80.
62. Suomi, K., Saraniemi, S., Vähätalo, M., Kallio, T. J., & Tevameri, T. (2021). Employee engagement and internal branding: two sides of the same coin?. Corporate Reputation Review, 24, 48-63.
63. Tian, Q., & Robertson, J. L. (2019). How and when does perceived CSR affect employees’ engagement in voluntary pro-environmental behavior?. Journal of Business Ethics, 155, 399-412.
64. Turner, P., & Turner, P. (2020). Employee engagement and the employee experience. Employee Engagement in Contemporary Organizations: Maintaining High Productivity and Sustained Competitiveness, 1-26.
65. Welmilla, I., & Ranasinghe, V. R. (2020). Green employee engagement. Contemporary Developments in Human Resource Management, 77-86.
66. Wiyanto, H., Akbar, M., & Dharmawan, A. (2023). The effect of organizational culture and compensation on employee engagement. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2646, No. 1). AIP Publishing.
2. Adhitama, J., & Riyanto, S. (2020). Maintaining employee engagement and employee performance during Covid-19 pandemic at PT Koexim Mandiri Finance. Journal of Research in Business and Management, 8(3), 6-10.
3. Ahakwa, I., Yang, J., Tackie, E. A., & Atingabili, S. (2021). The influence of employee engagement, work environment and job satisfaction on organizational commitment and performance of employees: a sampling weights in PLS path modelling. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 4(3), 34-62.
4. Al Zeer, I., Ajouz, M., & Salahat, M. (2023). Conceptual model of predicting employee performance through the mediating role of employee engagement and empowerment. International Journal of Educational Management, 37(5), 986-1004.
5. Albrecht, S. L., Bocks, A., Dalton, J., Lorigan, A., & Smith, A. (2021). Pro-environmental employee engagement: The influence of pro-environmental organizational, job and personal resources. Sustainability, 14(1), 43.
6. Andrlić, B., Priyashantha, K. G., & De Alwis, A. C. (2023). Employee engagement management in the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic literature review. Sustainability, 15(2), 987.
7. Arifin, Z., Nirwanto, N., & Manan, A. (2019). Improving the effect of work satisfaction on job performance through employee engagement. International Journal of Multi-Discipline Science (IJ-MDS), 2(1), 1-9.
8. Ariussanto, K. A. P., Tarigan, Z. J. H., MM, D., br Sitepu, R., & Singh, D. S. K. (2020). Leadership style, employee engagement, and work environment to employee performance in manufacturing companies (Doctoral dissertation, EDP Sciences).
9. Arzamasova, G. S., & Esaulova, I. A. (2021). Analysis of the environmental employee engagement: A case of a Russian enterprise. Upravlenec, 12(3).
10. Atik, A., Indrayani, I., Khaddafi, M., & Windayati, D. T. (2023). The influence of transformational leadership, employee engagement, and work environment, on the performance of employees with work discipline as intervening at the general bureau of the regional secretariat of riau islands province. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 3(1), 59-82.
11. Azmy, A. (2019). Employee engagement factors in a higher education institution. Binus Business Review, 10(3), 187-200.
12. Bhardwaj, A., Mishra, S., & Jain, T. K. (2021). Analysis of strategic leadership for organizational transformation and employee engagement. Materials Today: Proceedings, 37, 161-165.
13. Biriowu, C. S., & Ofurum, U. A. (2020). Employee engagement and organizational survival. World Journal of Innovative Research, 9(5), 79-92.
14. Chacha, P. W., Kirui, B. K., & Wiedemann, V. (2024). Supply chains in times of crisis: Evidence from Kenya’s production network. World Development, 173, 106363.
15. Chakraborty, T., & Ganguly, M. (2019). Crafting engaged employees through positive work environment: Perspectives of employee engagement. In Management techniques for employee engagement in contemporary organizations (pp. 180-198). IGI Global.
16. Chepoghisho, L. L. (2019). Performance Of The Kenyan Cut Flower Exports; An Empirical Investigation (1986-2018) (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
17. Chomba, S. J., & Nyang’au, S. P. (2019). Influence of entrepreneurial competencies on the growth of small and micro enterprises in the agricultural industry in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. International Academic Journal of Innovation, Leadership and Entrepreneurship, 2(3), 1-13.
18. Christianto, R. D. P. (2021). The Influence of Servant Leadership and Employee Compensation on Employee Engagement Through Employee Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable at PT Indonesia Power Suralaya Power Generation Unit. Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 118-128.
19. Duque, L., Costa, R., Dias, Á., Pereira, L., Santos, J., & António, N. (2020). New ways of working and the physical environment to improve employee engagement. Sustainability, 12(17), 6759.
20. Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI), (2020).Addressing labour practices on Kenyan flower farms. London United Kingdom: Cromwell Fulwood Place .
21. Fairtrade Flower Report (2023): https://www.fairtrade.net/library/2022-annual-report
22. Ferine, K. F., Risdwiyanto, A., Nurfauzi, Y., & Kraugusteeliana, K. (2023). Compensation's Impact On Employee Engagement And Performance. Gemilang: Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi, 3(2), 164-178.
23. Gachui, J. G. (2022). Predictors of Employee Performance at the Ministry of Education in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-COHRED).
24. Hameduddin, T. (2021). Employee engagement among public employees: Exploring the role of the (perceived) external environment. The American Review of Public Administration, 51(7), 526-541.
25. Hassan, M., Azmat, U., Sarwar, S., Adil, I. H., & Gillani, S. H. M. (2020). Impact of job satisfaction, job stress and motivation on job performance: a case from private universities of karachi. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Kuwait Chapter), 9(2), 76-86.
26. Hemasih, H., Eliyin, E., Rayuwati, R., & Yustisar, M. (2022). The Effect of Supervision, Leadership, And Compensation on Employee Engagement in PT Prima Mas Indonesia. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 3(4), 972-984.
27. Hendriks, M., Burger, M., & Commandeur, H. (2023). The influence of CEO compensation on employee engagement. Review of Managerial Science, 17(2), 607-633.
28. Hossen, M. M., Chan, T. J., & Hasan, N. A. M. (2020). Mediating role of job satisfaction on internal corporate social responsibility practices and employee engagement in higher education sector. Contemporary Management Research, 16(3), 207-227.
29. Hussain, S. D., Khaliq, A., Nisar, Q. A., Kamboh, A. Z., & Ali, S. (2019). The impact of employees’ recognition, rewards and job stress on job performance: mediating role of perceived organization support. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 2(2), 69-82.
30. Jeha, H., Knio, M., & Bellos, G. (2022). The Impact of Compensation Practices on Employees' Engagement and Motivation in Times of COVID-19. COVID-19: Tackling Global Pandemics through Scientific and Social Tools, 131-149.
31. Jeni, F. A., Mutsuddi, P., & Das, S. (2020). The impact of rewards on employee performance: a study of commercial banks in Noakhali Region. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 26(9), 28-43.
32. Judeh, M. (2021). Effect of work environment on employee engagement: Mediating role of ethical decision-making. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(3), 221.
33. Kaaria, S. K. (2022). Investigating the Working Conditions of Women in the Flower Farms in Thika Sub-county in Kiambu County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, university of nairobi).
34. Kamau, S. W., & Nyang’au, P. S. (2019). Effect of Employee Motivation on Employee Performance in Non-Profit Organizations in Kenya: A Case Study of the Fred Hollows Foundation Kenya. International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(2), 162-172.
35. Kariuki, C. W., & Kiiru, D. (2021). Employee recognition and employee performance at public hospitals in Nyeri County, Kenya. International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration, 3(10), 243-264.
36. Kim, M., & Kim, J. (2021). Corporate social responsibility, employee engagement, well-being and the task performance of frontline employees. Management Decision, 59(8), 2040-2056.
37. Kogo, B. K., Kumar, L., & Koech, R. (2021). Climate change and variability in Kenya: a review of impacts on agriculture and food security. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23, 23-43.
38. Maisoni, H., Yasri, Y., & Abror, A. (2019). Effect of organizational culture, leadership and compensation on employee engagement in coca-cola amatil indonesia central sumatra. In 2nd Padang International Conference on Education, Economics, Business and Accounting (PICEEBA-2 2018) (pp. 553-561). Atlantis Press.
39. Manzoor, F., Wei, L., & Asif, M. (2021). Intrinsic rewards and employee's performance with the mediating mechanism of employee's motivation. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 563070.
40. Mensah, R. O., Agyemang, F., Acquah, A., Babah, P. A., & Dontoh, J. (2020). Discourses on conceptual and theoretical frameworks in research: Meaning and implications for researchers. Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies, 4(5), 53-64.
41. Moore, J. R., & Hanson, W. (2022). Improving leader effectiveness: impact on employee engagement and retention. Journal of Management Development, 41(7/8), 450-468.
42. Muindi, F. (2020). Work Life Balance Practices Adopted In Horticultural Farms In Kenya. DBA Africa Management Review, 5(3).
43. Mwangi, N. (2019). The power to flourish: Unearthing the roots of Kenyan flower producers' market access strategies (Doctoral dissertation, University of Cambridge).
44. Mwaruta, S. S. (2022). Occupational Safety and Health Training and Performance of Cement Manufacturing Firms in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-COHRED).
45. Nasidi, Y., Makera, A. U., Kamaruddeen, A. M., & Jemaku, I. M. (2019). Assessing the impact of work environment on employee engagement among non-academic staff of the University. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 2(1), 57-68.
46. Nasir Ansari, J. A., & Irfan, S. (2023). Corporate social responsibility and employee engagement: the mediating role of personal environmental norms and employee green behavior. Social Responsibility Journal.
47. Ngwa, W. T., Adeleke, B. S., Agbaeze, E. K., Ghasi, N. C., & Imhanrenialena, B. O. (2019). Effect of extrinsic incentive system on employee engagement among selected manufacturing firms in the Litoral region of Cameroon. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 18(3), 1-16.
48. Ningsih, M. A., Wijaya, Y. K., Muntahari, S., & Damayanti, N. (2023). The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee Satisfaction, Employee Performance, and Employee Engagement: The Insurance and Pension Fund Service. International Journal Of Applied Business Research, 88-100.
49. Nnko, E. E. (2022). Flexible Work Arrangements on Performance of Nurses in Regional Hospitals in Tanzania (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-COHRED).
50. Okonkwo, A. O. (2023). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STAFF MOTIVATION AND THE PERFORMANCE OF THE STUDIED ORGANIZATIONS IN BAYELSA STATE. European Journal of Marketing and Mangement Sciences, 6(5), 61-76.
51. Opondo, M. M. (2019). Trade Policy in the Cut Flower Industry in Kenya.
52. Patricia, N. M., & Asoba, S. N. (2021). Theories of job satisfaction in the higher education context. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 27(2), 1-16.
53. Pranitasari, D., Trianah, L., & Nuriandini, R. (2019) The Effect Of Compensation And Working Environment To Employee Engagement.
54. Rahmayani, E. F., Hetami, A. A., & Aransyah, M. F. (2021). Effect Of Competency And Compensation On Employee Engagement And Their Impact On Performance Of Organic Employees Pt Pelabuhan Indonesia Iv (Persero) Samarinda Branch. Jurnal MD, 7(2), 249-275.
55. Rasool, S. F., Wang, M., Tang, M., Saeed, A., & Iqbal, J. (2021). How toxic workplace environment effects the employee engagement: The mediating role of organizational support and employee wellbeing. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(5), 2294.
56. Raza, A., Farrukh, M., Iqbal, M. K., Farhan, M., & Wu, Y. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and employees' voluntary pro‐environmental behavior: The role of organizational pride and employee engagement. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(3), 1104-1116.
57. Robianto, F., & Masdupi, E. (2020). The effect of career development, compensation, work environment and job satisfaction on work engagement. In 4th Padang International Conference on Education, Economics, Business and Accounting (PICEEBA-2 2019) (pp. 737-748). Atlantis Press.
58. Sari, S. M., & Ranihusna, D. (2019). Build the positive work environment with work engagement. Management Analysis Journal, 8(3), 340-349.
59. Setiawan, A. H., & Negoro, D. A. (2023). Relationship Between Career Development, Employee Engagement and Employee Performance. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(1), 4679-4688.
60. Sudiro, A., Adi, A., & Fakhri, R. (2021). Engaging employees through compensation fairness, job Involvement, organizational commitment: the roles of employee spirituality. Management Science Letters, 11(5), 1499-1508.
61. Sun, L., & Bunchapattanasakda, C. (2019). Employee engagement: A literature review. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9(1), 63-80.
62. Suomi, K., Saraniemi, S., Vähätalo, M., Kallio, T. J., & Tevameri, T. (2021). Employee engagement and internal branding: two sides of the same coin?. Corporate Reputation Review, 24, 48-63.
63. Tian, Q., & Robertson, J. L. (2019). How and when does perceived CSR affect employees’ engagement in voluntary pro-environmental behavior?. Journal of Business Ethics, 155, 399-412.
64. Turner, P., & Turner, P. (2020). Employee engagement and the employee experience. Employee Engagement in Contemporary Organizations: Maintaining High Productivity and Sustained Competitiveness, 1-26.
65. Welmilla, I., & Ranasinghe, V. R. (2020). Green employee engagement. Contemporary Developments in Human Resource Management, 77-86.
66. Wiyanto, H., Akbar, M., & Dharmawan, A. (2023). The effect of organizational culture and compensation on employee engagement. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2646, No. 1). AIP Publishing.
Published
2024-06-10
How to Cite
Mwingirwa, M. K., Okello, D. J., Otinga, H. N., & Kitonga, D. (2024). Effect of Compensation System on Employee Engagement in Fairtrade Horticultural Firms in Kenya. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 30, 242. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/18242
Section
ESI Preprints
Copyright (c) 2024 Margaret Kaathi Mwingirwa, Dennis Juma Okello, Hesbon N. Otinga, Daniel Kitonga
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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