The Impact of Transportation on The Avocado Market in Tanzania
Keywords:
Avocado, Transportation, Hass, Market, Farmers
Abstract
Avocado (Persea americana) is grown in many nations throughout Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America. The climate of Tanzania offers a perfect habitat for growing avocados. This paper investigates how transportation affects the Tanzanian avocado industry. Data were gathered from 505 farmers and 37 different categories/groups using a cross-sectional design. Data analysis was done using SPSS where descriptive statistics and the chi-square test. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test at p < 0.05 was also done. According to the results, local avocado output is dominated by men (79% male vs. 21% female). Usually, agents who segregate avocados depending on necessary and unwanted criteria handle them. Smallholder farmers have major market difficulties, mostly about transportation. With sorting (12%), grading (7%), and packaging (9%), quality during production was judged most important (25%), followed by harvesting (16%), storage (16%), and transportation (15%). With less relevance were factors impacting quality. Improving the avocado market for growers depends on national, regional, and district-level addressing of these problems. Hence, transportation has a big influence on the avocado industry since smallholder growers have great difficulties influencing market access and product quality. Improvement of transport infrastructure and support systems at the national, regional, and district levels will help to boost the avocado market.
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References
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8. Blakey, R. J., & Bower, J. P. (2009). The importance of maintaining the cold chain for avocado ripening quality. South African Avocado Growers’ Association Yearbook, 32(1), 48-52.
9. Cooley, C. H. (1894). The theory of transportation. Publications of the American Economic Association, 9(3), 13-148.
10. Cowie, J., & Ison, S. (2009). The economics of transport: a theoretical and applied perspective. Routledge.
11. Eng, J. (2003). Sample size estimation: how many individuals should be studied?. Radiology, 227(2), 309-313.
12. Eksteen, G. J., & Bester, J. M. (1987). Storage and transport of avocados*/practical considerations for the South African export situation. South African Avocado Growers' Association Yearbook, 10, 157-159.
13. Fitzgerald WB, Howitt OJA, Smith IJ, Hume A (2011) Energy use of integral refrigerated containers in maritime transportation. Energy Policy 39(4):1885–1896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.12. 015
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32. Mosia, M. D. (2000). The use of secondary data in the study of living arrangements of households: a case of the October household survey-'96 (OHS): Western Cape Province (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).
33. Majid, D., Dar, B. N., Parveen, S., Jabeen, A., Allai, F. M., Sofi, S. A., & Ganaie, T. A. (2020). Avocado. Antioxidants in Fruits: Properties and Health Benefits, 103-123.
34. Malekela, A. A. (2022). Value Chain Challenges: Experiences from Avocado Farmers and Traders in Njombe Town, Tanzania. East African Journal of Education and Social Sciences (EAJESS), 3(2), 17-25.
35. Ministry of Agriculture (2021) Mkakati wa Kuendeleza Kilimo https://www.kilimo.go.tz/uploads/books/Mkakati_wa_Kuendeleza_Horticulture.pdf published November 2021
36. Milne, K. I., & Steyn, W. J. (2021). Optimising the transportation of avocados from farm to packhouse using Bayesian networks. International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation, 8(1), 61-69.
37. Mordol Intelligence, (2024) Hass Avocado Market Size & Share Analysis - Growth Trends & Forecasts (2024 - 2029) Source: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/global-hass-avocado-market Source: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/global-hass-avocado-market July 2024
38. Mwangi, M. (2024) What is the future of avocado farming in Kenya? A short review.
39. Yangaza, I. S., Nyomora, A. M., Joseph, C. O., Sangu, E. M., & Hormaza, J. I. (2024). Growth and Fruit morphometric characteristics of local avocado germplasm (Persea americana Mill.) grown in northern Tanzania. Heliyon, 10(7).
40. YAKEEN, F. A., & OGUNTIMEHIN, A. (2024). AN EVALUATION OF THE FRUIT SUPPLY CHAIN IN SELECTED FOOD MARKETS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA. International Journal of Management Science and Business Analysis Research.
41. Nyamboga, H., Mgale, Y. J., Rwela, T., & Mpasa, O. (2023). Cost–Benefit Efficiency and Factors for Marketing Channel Choices among Avocado Farmers in Rungwe District, Tanzania. Rural Planning Journal, 25(2), 1-13.
42. Rashmi, E & Bertha, M. (2020) Growth of Tanzania’s Horticulture Sector: Role of TAHA in Reducing Food https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/2021-02/2021_USAID_USDA_Growth-of-Tanzanias-Horticulture-Sector-Role-of-TAHA-An-Apex-Private-Sector-Member-Based-Organization.pdfPublished February 4, 2021
43. Ríos-Mesa, A. F., Zuluaga Gallego, R., Osorio, M., Ciro-Velásquez, H. J., & Marquez Cardozo, C. J. (2020). Effect of vehicle vibration on the mechanical and sensory properties of avocado (Persea Americana Mill. Cv. Hass) during road transportation. International Journal of Fruit Science, 20(sup3), S1904-S1919.
44. Saleh, A. S. (2023). Beware of the IBM SPSS statistics® in multiple ROC curves analysis. Internal and Emergency Medicine, 18(4), 1239-1241.
45. Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., & Liu, M. (2024). Analysis of variance. In Textbook of Medical Statistics: For Medical Students (pp. 99-124). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
46. The Citizen,(2024)Tanzania records significant increase in avocado exports to China, India, South Africa ://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecitizen.co.tz%2Ftanzania%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Ftanzania-records-significant-increase-in-avocado-exports-to-china-india-south-africa-Monday, March 18, 2024 — updated on March 21, 2024
47. Quiceno Orozco, C. A. (2024). The avocado market focuses on Colombian production and its potential export to Italy (Doctoral dissertation, Politecnico di Torino).
2. Anagnostopoulou, O., Tsaniklidis, G., Paschalidis, K., & Ververidis, F. (2024). Gene Expression Profiling and Qualitative Characteristics in Delaying Flesh Softening of Avocado Fruits. Genes, 15(7), 860.
3. Affleck, M. (1992). World Avocado Market: A Brief Review. In Proc. 2nd. Avocado Congress (pp. 621-624).
4. CBI.,(2022) Opportunities and challenges of exporting East African avocados to Europehttps://www.cbi.eu/news/opportunities-and-challenges-exporting-east-african-avocados-europe 10th January 2022
5. Boniphace, J., Kadigi, R. M., & Kangile, R. J. (2023). Profitability of Avocado Production for Export Trade amongst the Smallholder Farmers in Rungwe and Hai Districts, Tanzania. Open Journal of Business and Management, 11(06), 3343-3360.
6. Bornman, E. (2009). Questionnaire surveys in media research. P.(ed.). Media.
7. Boniphace, J., Kadigi, R. M., & Kangile, J. R. (2023). Effects of Avocado Farming on Livelihoods and Biodiversity: Perspectives of Smallholder Farmers in Hai and Rungwe Districts, Tanzania. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 11(11), 474-505.
8. Blakey, R. J., & Bower, J. P. (2009). The importance of maintaining the cold chain for avocado ripening quality. South African Avocado Growers’ Association Yearbook, 32(1), 48-52.
9. Cooley, C. H. (1894). The theory of transportation. Publications of the American Economic Association, 9(3), 13-148.
10. Cowie, J., & Ison, S. (2009). The economics of transport: a theoretical and applied perspective. Routledge.
11. Eng, J. (2003). Sample size estimation: how many individuals should be studied?. Radiology, 227(2), 309-313.
12. Eksteen, G. J., & Bester, J. M. (1987). Storage and transport of avocados*/practical considerations for the South African export situation. South African Avocado Growers' Association Yearbook, 10, 157-159.
13. Fitzgerald WB, Howitt OJA, Smith IJ, Hume A (2011) Energy use of integral refrigerated containers in maritime transportation. Energy Policy 39(4):1885–1896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.12. 015
14. Guo, J., Kiesel, K., Kotsakou, S., & Sexton, R. J. (2024). Evaluation of the Hass Avocado Board’s Assessment Rate.
15. Lieu, M. D., Phuong, T. V., Nguyen, T. T. B., Dang, T. K. T., & Nguyen, T. H. (2024). A review of preservation approaches for extending avocado fruit shelf-life. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 101102.
16. Nino, G. (2024). Disruption in Ground Transportation: The Effect of Landslides on Food Market Integration.
17. Petersen, K. S., Smith, S., Lichtenstein, A. H., Matthan, N. R., Li, Z., Sabate, J., ... & Kris-Etherton, P. M. (2024). One Avocado per Day as Part of Usual Intake Improves Diet Quality: Exploratory Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Current Developments in Nutrition, 8(2), 102079.
18. Sina, B., Demissie, H., & Rezene, Y. (2024). Assessment of the Constraints and Challenges in Avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) Production and Marketing in Southern Ethiopia. International Journal of Fruit Science, 24(1), 60-72.
19. Kenya Crop Reguration.(2020) The Crop Horticulture Regulations 2020 https://infotradekenya.go.ke/media/Published%20hort%20Regulation.pdf Published 8th July 2020
20. Kirzner, I. M. (2007). Market theory and the price system. Ludwig von Mises Institute.
21. Kuyah, S., Muthuri, C., Wakaba, D., Cyamweshi, A. R., Kiprotich, P., & Mukuralinda, A. (2024). Allometric equations and carbon sequestration potential of mango (Mangifera indica) and avocado (Persea americana) in Kenya. Trees, Forests and People, 15, 100467.
22. Quiceno Orozco, C. A. (2024). The avocado market with focus on Colombian production and its potential export to Italy (Doctoral dissertation, Politecnico di Torino).
23. Taanila, A. (2013). IBM SPSS Statistics 21. Haettu, 14, 2014.
24. Taramuel-Taramuel, J. P., Jiménez-Hernández, C. N., & Barrios, D. (2024). Precision agriculture in avocado production: Mapping the landscape of scientific and technological developments. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 18(2), e17428-e17428.
25. Tanzania invests, (2024) Road transport is the most widely used form of transport in Tanzania, carrying over 90% of the passengers and 75% of the freight traffic in the country. Read more at: https://www.tanzaniainvest.com/roads published 2024
26. Tripathi, P. C. (2024). Status and prospects of Avocado cultivation in India. Brazilian Journal of Development, 10(2), e67059-e67059.
27. Tan Trade, (2024) TANZANIA AVOCADO PROFILE Product Name: Avocado, Scientific name: Persea americana, HS CODE: 080440 Fresh or dried avocados Available https://www.tantrade.go.tz/downloads-prodcut published June 2024
28. Tumaini, S., Ghahula, R., & Macha, S. (2024). The Influence of Observability on The Adoption of Tissue Culture Banana Seedlings in Tanzania. ESI Preprints, 26, 305. Retrieved from https://esipreprints.org/index.php/esipreprints/article/view/796
29. Shahbandeh. M. (2024) Global avocado market value 2021 2026 https://www.statista.com/aboutus/our-research-commitment/1239/m-shahbandeh data accessed 10th July 2024
30. FAO, (2023) World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc8166en date accessed 10 July 2024
31. Mabele, M. B., & Kiwango, W. A. (2023). From timber rush to avocado rush? Insights and areas for research on restoration and development initiatives in Southern Highlands, Tanzania. Geoforum, 141, 103733.
32. Mosia, M. D. (2000). The use of secondary data in the study of living arrangements of households: a case of the October household survey-'96 (OHS): Western Cape Province (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).
33. Majid, D., Dar, B. N., Parveen, S., Jabeen, A., Allai, F. M., Sofi, S. A., & Ganaie, T. A. (2020). Avocado. Antioxidants in Fruits: Properties and Health Benefits, 103-123.
34. Malekela, A. A. (2022). Value Chain Challenges: Experiences from Avocado Farmers and Traders in Njombe Town, Tanzania. East African Journal of Education and Social Sciences (EAJESS), 3(2), 17-25.
35. Ministry of Agriculture (2021) Mkakati wa Kuendeleza Kilimo https://www.kilimo.go.tz/uploads/books/Mkakati_wa_Kuendeleza_Horticulture.pdf published November 2021
36. Milne, K. I., & Steyn, W. J. (2021). Optimising the transportation of avocados from farm to packhouse using Bayesian networks. International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation, 8(1), 61-69.
37. Mordol Intelligence, (2024) Hass Avocado Market Size & Share Analysis - Growth Trends & Forecasts (2024 - 2029) Source: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/global-hass-avocado-market Source: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/global-hass-avocado-market July 2024
38. Mwangi, M. (2024) What is the future of avocado farming in Kenya? A short review.
39. Yangaza, I. S., Nyomora, A. M., Joseph, C. O., Sangu, E. M., & Hormaza, J. I. (2024). Growth and Fruit morphometric characteristics of local avocado germplasm (Persea americana Mill.) grown in northern Tanzania. Heliyon, 10(7).
40. YAKEEN, F. A., & OGUNTIMEHIN, A. (2024). AN EVALUATION OF THE FRUIT SUPPLY CHAIN IN SELECTED FOOD MARKETS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA. International Journal of Management Science and Business Analysis Research.
41. Nyamboga, H., Mgale, Y. J., Rwela, T., & Mpasa, O. (2023). Cost–Benefit Efficiency and Factors for Marketing Channel Choices among Avocado Farmers in Rungwe District, Tanzania. Rural Planning Journal, 25(2), 1-13.
42. Rashmi, E & Bertha, M. (2020) Growth of Tanzania’s Horticulture Sector: Role of TAHA in Reducing Food https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/2021-02/2021_USAID_USDA_Growth-of-Tanzanias-Horticulture-Sector-Role-of-TAHA-An-Apex-Private-Sector-Member-Based-Organization.pdfPublished February 4, 2021
43. Ríos-Mesa, A. F., Zuluaga Gallego, R., Osorio, M., Ciro-Velásquez, H. J., & Marquez Cardozo, C. J. (2020). Effect of vehicle vibration on the mechanical and sensory properties of avocado (Persea Americana Mill. Cv. Hass) during road transportation. International Journal of Fruit Science, 20(sup3), S1904-S1919.
44. Saleh, A. S. (2023). Beware of the IBM SPSS statistics® in multiple ROC curves analysis. Internal and Emergency Medicine, 18(4), 1239-1241.
45. Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., & Liu, M. (2024). Analysis of variance. In Textbook of Medical Statistics: For Medical Students (pp. 99-124). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
46. The Citizen,(2024)Tanzania records significant increase in avocado exports to China, India, South Africa ://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecitizen.co.tz%2Ftanzania%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Ftanzania-records-significant-increase-in-avocado-exports-to-china-india-south-africa-Monday, March 18, 2024 — updated on March 21, 2024
47. Quiceno Orozco, C. A. (2024). The avocado market focuses on Colombian production and its potential export to Italy (Doctoral dissertation, Politecnico di Torino).
Published
2024-07-29
How to Cite
Tumaini, S., Gwahula, R., & Macha, S. (2024). The Impact of Transportation on The Avocado Market in Tanzania. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 31, 430. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/18379
Section
ESI Preprints
Copyright (c) 2024 Steven Tumaini, Raphael Gwahula, Salvio Macha
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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