The Organizational Contribution of the PMO: An Assessment Using Structural Equation Modeling
Keywords:
Project Management Office, Organizational performance, Project management maturity, Structural equation modeling
Abstract
This research is part of a thesis project that includes two main phases, and it aims to develop and examine a conceptual model to understand and verify the contribution of the PMO to the performance of Moroccan organizations as well as to their level of project management maturity in terms of organization and practices. Thus, the main objectives of this research are: (1) examine the PMO contribution to organizational performance and project management maturity, but also (2) contribute to the solidification of the theoretical basis of the project management school. For this, a quantitative approach was adopted, where a questionnaire was administrated online for three consecutive months. Firstly, the president of the PMI Moroccan chapter was contacted to request their collaboration. Secondly, a direct interaction was carried out with people evolving in project management within organizations that have a Project Management Office (PMO) and who could answer the questionnaire through the professional network "LinkedIn". Two hundred and five (205) responses were received, of which seventy-six (76) were discarded because the respondents declared the non-existence of a PMO within their organizations or it exist for less than three years. Finally, one hundred and twenty-nine (129) responses were considered usable and represent our final database from which we proceeded to a set of analyzes and tests. Two-stage data analysis was followed. First, a descriptive and exploratory analysis of the data collected was performed using SPSS. Next, a confirmatory analysis using structural equation modeling was carried out with the help of SmartPLS to examine the validity of the constructs of the model and to test the hypotheses. The results of this study provide a solid basis for linking PMO functions to organizational contributions. The study concluded that the PMO through its functions contributes to organizational performance and project management maturity. It also highlights the mediating effect of project management maturity. However, the possible moderating effect of PMO type on structural relationships could not be verified.
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References
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2. Alghadeer, A., & Mohamed, S. (2016). Diffusion of organisational innovation in Saudi Arabia: The case of the Project Management Office (PMO). International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 13(04), 1650019. https://doi.org/10.1142/S021987701650019X
3. Andersen, B., Henriksen, B., & Aarseth, W. (2007). Benchmarking of project management office establishment: Extracting best practices. Journal of Management in Engineering, 23(2), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2007)23:2(97)
4. Aubry, M. (2015). Project management office transformations: Direct and moderating effects that enhance performance and maturity. Project Management Journal, 46(5), 19-45. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21522
5. Aubry, M., & Brunet, M. (2016). Organizational design in public administration: Categorization of project management offices. Project Management Journal, 47(5), 107-129. https://doi.org/10.1177/875697281604700508
6. Aubry, M., & Hobbs, B. (2011). A fresh look at the contribution of project management to organizational performance. Project Management Journal, 42(1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20213
7. Aubry, M., Hobbs, B., Müller, R., & Blomquist, T. (2010). Identifying forces driving PMO changes. Project Management Journal, 41(4), 30-45. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20191
8. Aubry, M., Richer, M. C., Lavoie-Tremblay, M., & Cyr, G. (2011). Pluralism in PMO performance: The case of a PMO dedicated to a major organizational transformation. Project Management Journal, 42(6), 60-77. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20269
9. Blažević, G., Mišić, S., & Šimac, M. (2014). Importance of managing PMO in Croatian PM market. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 119, 949-956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.106
10. Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern methods for business research, 295(2), 295-336.
11. Cunha, J. A., & Moura, H. (2014, November). Project management office: The state of the art based on a systematic review. In European conference on management, leadership & governance (p. 41). Academic Conferences International Limited.
12. Desouza, K. C., & Evaristo, J. R. (2006). Project management offices: A case of knowledge-based archetypes. International Journal of Information Management, 26(5), 414-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2006.07.002
13. Desta, S., Root, D., & Diederichs, C. J. (2006). The practice of project management office (PMO) concept within the German architect, engineer, contractor (AEC) sector. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 4(1), 46-59. https://doi.org/10.1108/17260530610818642
14. do Valle, J. A. S., & Soares, C. A. P. EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT OFFICES-PMO-IN ORGANIZATIONS.
15. Evrard, Y., Pras, B., Roux, E., Desmet, P., Dussaix, A. M., & Lilien, G. L. (2009). Market-Fondements et méthodes des recherches en marketing (No. hal-00490724).
16. Ferreira, H., Tereso, A. P., & Fernandes, A. G. G. (2016). Conceptualization of project management offices structures. In ICOPEV 2016-3rd International Conference on Project Evaluation (pp. 261-266). University of Minho. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/43680
17. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313
18. Gold, A. H., Malhotra, A., & Segars, A. H. (2001). Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective. Journal of management information systems, 18(1), 185-214. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40398521
19. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis: Pearson Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1-816.
20. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
21. Hill, G. M. (2004). Evolving the project management office: a competency continuum. Information systems management, 21(4), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1201/1078/44705.21.4.20040901/84187.6
22. Hobbs, B., & Aubry, M. (2007). A multi-phase research program investigating project management offices (PMOs): the results of phase 1. Project Management Journal, 38(1), 74-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/875697280703800108
23. Hobbs, B., Aubry, M., & Thuillier, D. (2008). The project management office as an organisational innovation. International Journal of Project Management, 26(5), 547-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2008.05.008
24. Hubbard, D. G., & Bolles, D. (2012, August). Executive PMO--Blending Project Management and Business Management. Project Management Institute.
25. Jolibert, A., & Jourdan, P. (2006). Marketing research: méthodes de recherche et d'études en marketing. Dunod.
26. Khaksefidi, M., & Miri, M. (2015). The Role of Project Management Office in the Organization with the Knowledge Approach. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(6 S6), 11-11. 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s6p11
27. Khalema, L. S., Van Waveren, C. C., & Chan, K. Y. (2015). The relationship between project management office maturity and organisational project management maturity: An empirical study of the South African government infrastructure departments. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 26(3), 12-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7166/26-3-1021
28. Kiani, S., Yousefi, V., Nouri, S., Khadivi, A. M., & Mehrabanfar, E. (2015). Determining the Role of Project Management Office in the Success of Project-Based Organizations. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(6 S2), 325. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s2p325
29. Kutsch, E., Ward, J., Hall, M., & Algar, J. (2015). The contribution of the project management office: A balanced scorecard perspective. Information Systems Management, 32(2), 105-118. https://doi.org/10.1080/10580530.2015.1018768
30. Lacroux, A. (2009). L’analyse des modèles de relations structurelles par la méthode PLS: une approche émergente dans la recherche quantitative en GRH. XXème congrès de l’AGRH, Toulouse du, 9.
31. Lavoie‐Tremblay, M., Aubry, M., Cyr, G., Richer, M. C., Fortin‐Verreault, J. F., Fortin, C., & Marchionni, C. (2017). Innovation in health service management: Adoption of project management offices to support major health care transformation. Journal of nursing management, 25(8), 657-665. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12505
32. Lavoie-Tremblay, M., Bonneville-Roussy, A., Richer, M. C., Aubry, M., Vezina, M., & Deme, M. (2012). Project management office in health care: A key strategy to support evidence-based practice change. The health care manager, 31(2), 154-165. doi: 10.1097/HCM.0b013e3182520676
33. Lockamy III, A., & McCormack, K. (2004). The development of a supply chain management process maturity model using the concepts of business process orientation. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 9(4), 272-278. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598540410550019
34. Martins, V. A., & Martins, M. R. (2012). Outsourcing operations in project management offices: The reality of Brazilian companies. Project management journal, 43(2), 68-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21256
35. Müller, R., Glückler, J., Aubry, M., & Shao, J. (2013). Project management knowledge flows in networks of project managers and project management offices: A case study in the pharmaceutical industry. Project Management Journal, 44(2), 4-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21326
36. Oliveira, C., Tereso, A., & Fernandes, G. (2017). PMO Conceptualization for Engineering and Construction Businesses. Procedia computer science, 121, 592-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.11.078
37. Pellegrinelli, S., & Garagna, L. (2009). Towards a conceptualisation of PMOs as agents and subjects of change and renewal. International Journal of Project Management, 27(7), 649-656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2008.12.001
38. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior research methods, 40(3), 879-891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
39. Rachid, J. PMO within Moroccan Organizations: Towards a Synthetic Model of Implementation. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n13p191
40. Roussel, P., Durrieu, F., & Campoy, E. (2002). Méthodes d'équations structurelles: recherche et applications en gestion. Economica.
41. Salamah, H., & Alnaji, L. (2014). Challenges in establishing, managing, and operating a Project Management Office. Recent Advances in Economics, Management and Development.
42. Sandhu, M. A., Al Ameri, T. Z., & Wikström, K. (2019). Benchmarking the strategic roles of the project management office (PMO) when developing business ecosystems. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 26(2), 452-469. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-03-2018-0058
43. Shalal, A. M., Mohammed, I. A., & Alzwainy, F. M. (2016). Evaluation Performance Of The Project Management Office In Oil Companies. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(6).
44. Singh, R., Keil, M., & Kasi, V. (2009). Identifying and overcoming the challenges of implementing a project management office. European journal of information systems, 18(5), 409-427. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2009.29
45. Spalek, S. (2012). The role of project management office in the multi-project environment. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 12(2), 172-188. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMED.2012.047891
46. Spalek, S. (2013). Improving industrial engineering performance through a successful project management office. Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics, 24(2), 88-98. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2581494
47. Szalay, I., Kovács, Á., & Sebestyén, Z. (2017). Integrated Framework for Project Management Office Evaluation. Procedia engineering, 196, 578-584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.08.033
48. Tenenhaus, M., Vinzi, V. E., Chatelin, Y. M., & Lauro, C. (2005). PLS path modeling. Computational statistics & data analysis, 48(1), 159-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2004.03.005
49. Thiétart, R. A. (2007). Méthodes de recherche en management-3ème édition. Dunod. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/99972
50. Unger, B. N., Gemünden, H. G., & Aubry, M. (2012). The three roles of a project portfolio management office: Their impact on portfolio management execution and success. International Journal of Project Management, 30(5), 608-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.01.015
51. Van der Linde, J., & Steyn, H. (2016). The effect of a project management office on project and organisational performance: A case study. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 27(1), 151-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.7166/27-1-1114
52. Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G., & Van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: Guidelines and empirical illustration. MIS quarterly, 177-195. https://doi.org/10.2307/20650284
53. Zouheir, E. Y., Rachid, J., & Jamal, E. A. (2019). PMO within Moroccan Organizations: Towards a Synthetic Model of Implementation. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 15(13), 191. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n13p191
54. Zouheir, E. Y., & Rachid, J. (2020). PMO Typologies and Functions: A Systematic Review. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 16(13), 180. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2020.v16n13p180
2. Alghadeer, A., & Mohamed, S. (2016). Diffusion of organisational innovation in Saudi Arabia: The case of the Project Management Office (PMO). International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 13(04), 1650019. https://doi.org/10.1142/S021987701650019X
3. Andersen, B., Henriksen, B., & Aarseth, W. (2007). Benchmarking of project management office establishment: Extracting best practices. Journal of Management in Engineering, 23(2), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2007)23:2(97)
4. Aubry, M. (2015). Project management office transformations: Direct and moderating effects that enhance performance and maturity. Project Management Journal, 46(5), 19-45. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21522
5. Aubry, M., & Brunet, M. (2016). Organizational design in public administration: Categorization of project management offices. Project Management Journal, 47(5), 107-129. https://doi.org/10.1177/875697281604700508
6. Aubry, M., & Hobbs, B. (2011). A fresh look at the contribution of project management to organizational performance. Project Management Journal, 42(1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20213
7. Aubry, M., Hobbs, B., Müller, R., & Blomquist, T. (2010). Identifying forces driving PMO changes. Project Management Journal, 41(4), 30-45. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20191
8. Aubry, M., Richer, M. C., Lavoie-Tremblay, M., & Cyr, G. (2011). Pluralism in PMO performance: The case of a PMO dedicated to a major organizational transformation. Project Management Journal, 42(6), 60-77. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20269
9. Blažević, G., Mišić, S., & Šimac, M. (2014). Importance of managing PMO in Croatian PM market. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 119, 949-956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.106
10. Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern methods for business research, 295(2), 295-336.
11. Cunha, J. A., & Moura, H. (2014, November). Project management office: The state of the art based on a systematic review. In European conference on management, leadership & governance (p. 41). Academic Conferences International Limited.
12. Desouza, K. C., & Evaristo, J. R. (2006). Project management offices: A case of knowledge-based archetypes. International Journal of Information Management, 26(5), 414-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2006.07.002
13. Desta, S., Root, D., & Diederichs, C. J. (2006). The practice of project management office (PMO) concept within the German architect, engineer, contractor (AEC) sector. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 4(1), 46-59. https://doi.org/10.1108/17260530610818642
14. do Valle, J. A. S., & Soares, C. A. P. EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT OFFICES-PMO-IN ORGANIZATIONS.
15. Evrard, Y., Pras, B., Roux, E., Desmet, P., Dussaix, A. M., & Lilien, G. L. (2009). Market-Fondements et méthodes des recherches en marketing (No. hal-00490724).
16. Ferreira, H., Tereso, A. P., & Fernandes, A. G. G. (2016). Conceptualization of project management offices structures. In ICOPEV 2016-3rd International Conference on Project Evaluation (pp. 261-266). University of Minho. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/43680
17. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313
18. Gold, A. H., Malhotra, A., & Segars, A. H. (2001). Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective. Journal of management information systems, 18(1), 185-214. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40398521
19. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis: Pearson Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1-816.
20. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
21. Hill, G. M. (2004). Evolving the project management office: a competency continuum. Information systems management, 21(4), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1201/1078/44705.21.4.20040901/84187.6
22. Hobbs, B., & Aubry, M. (2007). A multi-phase research program investigating project management offices (PMOs): the results of phase 1. Project Management Journal, 38(1), 74-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/875697280703800108
23. Hobbs, B., Aubry, M., & Thuillier, D. (2008). The project management office as an organisational innovation. International Journal of Project Management, 26(5), 547-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2008.05.008
24. Hubbard, D. G., & Bolles, D. (2012, August). Executive PMO--Blending Project Management and Business Management. Project Management Institute.
25. Jolibert, A., & Jourdan, P. (2006). Marketing research: méthodes de recherche et d'études en marketing. Dunod.
26. Khaksefidi, M., & Miri, M. (2015). The Role of Project Management Office in the Organization with the Knowledge Approach. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(6 S6), 11-11. 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s6p11
27. Khalema, L. S., Van Waveren, C. C., & Chan, K. Y. (2015). The relationship between project management office maturity and organisational project management maturity: An empirical study of the South African government infrastructure departments. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 26(3), 12-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7166/26-3-1021
28. Kiani, S., Yousefi, V., Nouri, S., Khadivi, A. M., & Mehrabanfar, E. (2015). Determining the Role of Project Management Office in the Success of Project-Based Organizations. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(6 S2), 325. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s2p325
29. Kutsch, E., Ward, J., Hall, M., & Algar, J. (2015). The contribution of the project management office: A balanced scorecard perspective. Information Systems Management, 32(2), 105-118. https://doi.org/10.1080/10580530.2015.1018768
30. Lacroux, A. (2009). L’analyse des modèles de relations structurelles par la méthode PLS: une approche émergente dans la recherche quantitative en GRH. XXème congrès de l’AGRH, Toulouse du, 9.
31. Lavoie‐Tremblay, M., Aubry, M., Cyr, G., Richer, M. C., Fortin‐Verreault, J. F., Fortin, C., & Marchionni, C. (2017). Innovation in health service management: Adoption of project management offices to support major health care transformation. Journal of nursing management, 25(8), 657-665. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12505
32. Lavoie-Tremblay, M., Bonneville-Roussy, A., Richer, M. C., Aubry, M., Vezina, M., & Deme, M. (2012). Project management office in health care: A key strategy to support evidence-based practice change. The health care manager, 31(2), 154-165. doi: 10.1097/HCM.0b013e3182520676
33. Lockamy III, A., & McCormack, K. (2004). The development of a supply chain management process maturity model using the concepts of business process orientation. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 9(4), 272-278. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598540410550019
34. Martins, V. A., & Martins, M. R. (2012). Outsourcing operations in project management offices: The reality of Brazilian companies. Project management journal, 43(2), 68-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21256
35. Müller, R., Glückler, J., Aubry, M., & Shao, J. (2013). Project management knowledge flows in networks of project managers and project management offices: A case study in the pharmaceutical industry. Project Management Journal, 44(2), 4-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21326
36. Oliveira, C., Tereso, A., & Fernandes, G. (2017). PMO Conceptualization for Engineering and Construction Businesses. Procedia computer science, 121, 592-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.11.078
37. Pellegrinelli, S., & Garagna, L. (2009). Towards a conceptualisation of PMOs as agents and subjects of change and renewal. International Journal of Project Management, 27(7), 649-656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2008.12.001
38. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior research methods, 40(3), 879-891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
39. Rachid, J. PMO within Moroccan Organizations: Towards a Synthetic Model of Implementation. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n13p191
40. Roussel, P., Durrieu, F., & Campoy, E. (2002). Méthodes d'équations structurelles: recherche et applications en gestion. Economica.
41. Salamah, H., & Alnaji, L. (2014). Challenges in establishing, managing, and operating a Project Management Office. Recent Advances in Economics, Management and Development.
42. Sandhu, M. A., Al Ameri, T. Z., & Wikström, K. (2019). Benchmarking the strategic roles of the project management office (PMO) when developing business ecosystems. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 26(2), 452-469. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-03-2018-0058
43. Shalal, A. M., Mohammed, I. A., & Alzwainy, F. M. (2016). Evaluation Performance Of The Project Management Office In Oil Companies. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(6).
44. Singh, R., Keil, M., & Kasi, V. (2009). Identifying and overcoming the challenges of implementing a project management office. European journal of information systems, 18(5), 409-427. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2009.29
45. Spalek, S. (2012). The role of project management office in the multi-project environment. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 12(2), 172-188. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMED.2012.047891
46. Spalek, S. (2013). Improving industrial engineering performance through a successful project management office. Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics, 24(2), 88-98. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2581494
47. Szalay, I., Kovács, Á., & Sebestyén, Z. (2017). Integrated Framework for Project Management Office Evaluation. Procedia engineering, 196, 578-584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.08.033
48. Tenenhaus, M., Vinzi, V. E., Chatelin, Y. M., & Lauro, C. (2005). PLS path modeling. Computational statistics & data analysis, 48(1), 159-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2004.03.005
49. Thiétart, R. A. (2007). Méthodes de recherche en management-3ème édition. Dunod. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/99972
50. Unger, B. N., Gemünden, H. G., & Aubry, M. (2012). The three roles of a project portfolio management office: Their impact on portfolio management execution and success. International Journal of Project Management, 30(5), 608-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.01.015
51. Van der Linde, J., & Steyn, H. (2016). The effect of a project management office on project and organisational performance: A case study. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 27(1), 151-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.7166/27-1-1114
52. Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G., & Van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: Guidelines and empirical illustration. MIS quarterly, 177-195. https://doi.org/10.2307/20650284
53. Zouheir, E. Y., Rachid, J., & Jamal, E. A. (2019). PMO within Moroccan Organizations: Towards a Synthetic Model of Implementation. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 15(13), 191. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n13p191
54. Zouheir, E. Y., & Rachid, J. (2020). PMO Typologies and Functions: A Systematic Review. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 16(13), 180. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2020.v16n13p180
Published
2024-09-08
How to Cite
El Yacoubi, Z., & Jahidi, R. (2024). The Organizational Contribution of the PMO: An Assessment Using Structural Equation Modeling. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 33, 134. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/18543
Section
ESI Preprints
Copyright (c) 2024 Zouheir El Yacoubi, Rachid Jahidi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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