Echoes of the Anthropocene, Through the Keyhole of Law Consciousness
Keywords:
Antropocene, legal consciousness, nature, law, environmental awareness
Abstract
The concept of the “Anthropocene”, that is, the interconnection between human activity and what was once called the natural environment, becomes a direct response to the radical changes in climate and ecosystems that have transformed the ecology of our planet and may have led us to the pandemic crisis. Human agency, which is always regulated through legal instruments, becomes the focal point of everything in the planet. Law is a great reservoir of emotionally important social symbols as well as a powerful instrument. Thus, crucial is the understanding of the ways by which our legal environmental rules have come to be formed. This understanding of the law, society, environment and citizen’s place within, is described by the term “legal consciousness”. Furthermore, law is a set of conceptual categories and schemes that help construct, communicate, and interpret social and cultural relations. Taking under consideration that the Anthropocene is also a state of consciousness and environmental awareness goes hand in hand with legal consciousness, now is the time that we can create a new legal culture. How legal schemes were and are present in the words, actions, and interpretations of ordinary citizens until now? What is the role, if any, of educational system and media? Do we need to rewrite legal terminology, redefine our legal values and frameworks to depict the interconnection between nature and human activity? What are the best ways for the communication of the contemporary legal rules (e.g., the rights of nature, etc.)? Should they be produced through open participatory processes? What do we learn from environmental history examples?
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References
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2. Acheson, J., Anthropology of Fishing, Annual Review of Anthropology, 10(1), 1981, p. 275-316.
3. Adede,A., The Treaty System from Stockholm (1972) to Rio de Janeiro (1992), 13 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 33 ,1995, p.34
4. Asad, T., The concept of Cultural Translation in British Social Anthropology in Writing Culture The poetics and Politics of Ethnography, ed.J.Cliffordet G. Marcus, University of California Press, 1992, p.155
5. Barnes, J., Dove, M. R. (eds.), Climate cultures: Anthropological perspectives on climate change., Yale University Press, 2015
6. Βaenosky A. et al., Has the Earth’s Sixth Mass Extinction Already Arrived? Nature 51 ,2011, p. 470.
7. Berry, T., Evening thoughts: Reflections on Earth as Sacred Community, San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 2006, p. 149-150.
8. Blankenbourg, E. Civil Litigation Rates as Indicators for Legal Cultures, in: Comparing Legal Cultures, 1997, p. 64-65.
9. Blackman, L. Immaterial Bodies, London: Sage, 2012.
10. Bosselman, K., Kim, R. Operationalizing Sustainable Development: Ecological Integrity as a Grundnorm of International Law, Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law (RECIEL) 24, 2015, p. 194.
11. Bennet, J., Vibrant Matter: A political Ecology of Things, Durham: Duke University Press, 2010, p. 117.
12. Braidotti , R., Posthuman, Polity Press, 2020.
13. Castree, N., The Anthropocene and the environmental humanities: extending the conversation, Environmental Humanities, 5(1), 2014, p. 233-260.
14. Chakrabarty, D., The climate of history: Four theses, Critical inquiry, 35(2),2009 p. 197-222.
15. Cotterrel, R. The concept of Legal Culture, 1997, p. 13-32.
16. Crutzen, P. J. Geology of mankind, 2002, Nature, p.415
17. Cotterrel, R. The Struggle for Law: Some Dilemmas of Cultural Legality, International Journal of Law in Context, 373, 2009, p. 376.
18. Cowan, J.,et al., Introduction, in: Jane K. Cowan, Marie-Benedicte Dembour and Richard A. Wilson (Εdit.) Culture and rights: Anthropological perspectives, Cambridge University Press, 2001 p. 3.
19. Coole, D., Frost, S. (eds.), New Materialisms: ontology, agency and politics, Durham: Duke University Press, 2010.
20. Dunkan, K., Politics and the Αnthropocene, Cambridge UK: Polity Press, 2019, p. 2.
21. Dobson, A., Citizenship and the Environment, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ,2003, p.174-207
22. Εwick, P., Silbey, S., The common place of Law: Stories from Everyday life, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1998, p. 35
23. Eide, A., Cultural Rights as Individual Rights, in: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: A Textbook, A. Eide, C. Krause, A. Rosas (edit.), Dordecht/ Boston/London: Martinus Nijhof Publishers,1995, p. 230
24. Edgeworth, et al., Diachronous beginnings of the Anthropocene: The lower bounding surface of anthropogenic deposits, The Anthropocene Review, 2(1),2015, p.33-58.
25. Friedman, L. The Concept of Legal Culture: A Reply, 1997, p. 33-40.
26. Friedman, L. The Human Rights culture, Quid Pro, 2011.
27. Friedman, L. Legal culture and Social Development, Law and society Review, Vol. 4, No 1,1969, p. 29-44.
28. Friedman, J., Cultural Identity and Global Process. London: SAGE Publications, 1994.
29. Finlayson, H., Te Awa Tupua (Whanganui River Claims Settlement) Bill. [e-book] New Zealand: Parliament of New Zealand., 2016 Available at: legislation.govt.nz/bill/government/2016/0129/latest/DLM6830851.html?src=qs [Accessed 10 Mar. 2019]
30. Inglehart, R. The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles among Western Publics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977.
31. Gerbany, A., Van Kreij, L. The impact of the Convention of Aarhus on the emerging European Culture, Croningen, Europa Law Publishing, 2018.
32. Grime, P., Pierce, S., The Evolutianary Strategies that Shape Ecosystems, Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.
33. Gonzalez, C., Bridging the North-South Divide: International Environmental law in the Anthropocene, Pace Environmental Law Review, 2015,p. 32
34. Haraway, D., Duke., H., Staying with the trouble, London, Duke University Press, 2016.HANSMAN, J., Gilgamesh, Humbaba and the land of the Erin Trees, Iraq 38 (1976):23-25; Russel Meiggs, Trees and timber in the ancient Mediterranean World, Oxford, Clarendon Press,1982, p. 49-53,
35. Hughes J.D., Early Greek and Roman Environmentalists, in Historical Ecology, Essays on Environment and social change, ed Lester J Bilsky,1980, p. 47-50.
36. Inglehart , R., Changing values among western publics from1970 to 2006, in: West European Politics, Vol.31, Nos 1-2, 2008 p. 130-146
37. Legrand, P., Fragments on law as culture, Deventer: W.E.J. Tjeenk Willink,1997
38. Levis-Strauss, C., Myth & Meaning, 1st edition, Institute of book-kardamitsas edition,1986, p. 39.
39. Latour, B., We have never been modern, Synalma edition, 2000MITCHELL, T., Carbon democracy: Political power in the age of oil, Verso Books, 2011,
40. Michael, A.J., Planetary overload: global environmental change and the health of the human species, Cambridge University Press,1993 p.10
41. Merry, S., Human Rights and Gender Violence: Translating International Law into Local Justice, 2005
42. Nash, R.F., The rights of nature: a history of environmental ethics, Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1989
43. Nelken, D., Comparing Legal Cultures: An Introduction, in: Nelken, D. (Εdit.), Comparing Legal Cultures, Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1997,p.1-2.
44. Nelken, D, Using the concept of Legal culture, Australian Journal of Legal Philosophy, 2004, p.29.
45. NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL PARTY (2019), Whanganui River settlement passes third reading. [online] Available at: national.org.nz/whanganui_river_settlement_passes_third_reading [Accessed 19 Feb. 2019].
46. Papachristou TH., Subjects of law & objects in the modern Law, Honorable volume in Honor of Pr. Manoledakis, Vol.1, Athens-Thessaloniki , Sakkoulas, ed. 2006
47. Patterson, R. Claiming possession of the material cultural property of indigenous people, Media and Arts Law Review, 6, 2001, p. 195.
48. Rick, T.C. et al. Archeology, deep history, and the human transformation of island ecosystems. Anthropocene, 2013, 4, p. 33-45.
49. Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, Rio De Janeiro,1972 (available at: https://www.cbd.int/doc/ref/rio-declaration.shtml [accessed November 2020]).
50. Rdge, Ko au te awa, ko te awa ko au/I am the river and the river is me: a collaborative anthropology which explores the relationship between a hapu and the Whanganui River (MA). North Palmerston: Massey University, 1993.
51. Silbey, S., Legal culture and legal consciousness, In: Wright J. (ed.), Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. London: Elsevier, 2001.
52. Sally, Μ., Getting Justice and Getting Even: legal consciousness among working-class Americans. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.
53. Sagui, A. C., Stuart, F. Culture and Law: beyond a paradigm of cause and effect. In: The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2008, p. 619.
54. Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rochstrom, J., Cornell, S., Fetzer,I., Bennet, E., Biggs,R., Carpenter,S., Vries,W., Wit, S., Folke, S., Gerten,D., Heinke, J., Mace, G., Persson., L., et al., Planetary Boundaries: guiding human developing on a changing planet, Science, 2015.
55. Swimme, B., Berry, T., The Universe Story, Arkana, 1994.
56. Schlosberg, D., Coles, R. The New Environmentalism of Everyday Life. Macmillan Publishers Ltd, Contemporary Legal Theory ,2005, p. 1-22.
57. Schlosber, D., Craven, L. Sustainable Materialism: environmental movements and the politics of everyday life, Oxford University Press, 2019,p.161-175
58. Storey, D. J. The economics of environmental law enforcement or has the prosecution of polluters led to cleaner rivers in England and Wales? Environment and Planning, v. 11, 1979, p. 898.
59. Tsing, A. L. The Mushrooms at the End of the World: on the possibility of life in capitalist ruins. Princeton University Press, 2015.
60. UN Subv Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Prevention of discrimination and protection of Indiginous people and minorities: Indigenous peoples and their relationship to land: Final working paper prepared by the Special Rapporteur, Mrs. Erica-Irene A. Daes, 11 June 2001, E/CN.4/Sub.2/2001/21, available at: refworld.org/docid/3d5a2cd00.html [accessed 15 November 2020])
61. World Commission On The Environment and Development. Our Common Future, 1987.
62. Zalasiewicz, Colin , N., Williams, M.,Barnosky, A.,Gearreta, A.,Crutzen, P.,Ellis, E., Ellis, M., Fairchild, I.,Grinevald, G., Haff., P., Hajdas,I., Leinfelder, I., McNeil, J.,Odada, E.,Poirier. C., Richter.D.,Steffen ,W.,Summerhayes,C., Syvitskiet al. When did the Anthropocene begin? A mid-twentieth century boundary level is stratigraphically optimal, Quaternary International, 383, 2015, p. 196-203
Published
2024-09-27
How to Cite
Kapartziani, C. (2024). Echoes of the Anthropocene, Through the Keyhole of Law Consciousness. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 33, 348. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/18578
Section
ESI Preprints
Copyright (c) 2024 Chrysoula Kapartziani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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