Recent Trends in Air Pollution in the Most Important City of The Romanian Black Sea Coast
Keywords:
Constanta, air pollution, air quality, port city, chemical pollutants
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the greatest environmental issues of contemporary society, affecting virtually all major cities worldwide, including those in Romania. Consequently, evaluating the dynamics of pollution conditions in urban environments is essential for designing control measures and adaptation strategies to this environmental disruption. This paper aims to analyze the recent dynamics of pollution and air quality in Constanta, the largest city on the Romanian coastline and one of the most important cities along the entire Black Sea coast. The investigations were based on the official concentrations of major atmospheric pollutants recorded at air quality monitoring stations located within or near Constanta. The dynamics of pollutant concentrations were explored at annual and seasonal levels, and the results showed a mixed picture of changes in the atmospheric pollutant concentrations, in recent years. Essentially, the findings highlighted both increases and decreases in air pollution conditions, emphasizing the need for constant air quality monitoring and controlling throughout Constanta city.
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References
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2. Anton C. (2021). Disadvantages of Developing Mass Tourism in Constanta (Romania), Journal of Tourism & Hospitality, S5: 001, DOI: 10.35248/2167-0269.21.
3. Chen Z.-Y., Petetin H., Méndez Turrubiates R.F., Achebak H., Garcia-Pando C.P., Ballester J. (2024). Population exposure to multiple air pollutants and its compound episodes in Europe, Nat Commun 15, 2094, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46103-3.
4. Colbeck I., MacKenzie A. R. (1994). Air pollution by photochemical oxidants, Netherlands.
5. Contini D., Costabile F. (2024). Air Pollution, Health Effects Indicators, the Exposome, and One Health, Atmosphere 15, no. 5: 618, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15050618.
6. Cracu G.-M., Schvab A., Prefac Z., Popescu M., Sîrodoev I. (2024). A GIS-based assessment of pedestrian accessibility to urban parks in the city of Constanța, Romania, Applied Geography, Volume 165, 103229, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103229.
7. Farhan A., Imtiaz A., Shazia K, Saira A. (2022). The environmental impact of industrialization and foreign direct investment: empirical evidence from Asia-Pacific region. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29. 1-15. 10.1007/s11356-021-17560-w., DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17560-w.
8. Gaur N., Sharma S., Yadav N. (2024). Chapter 2 - Environmental pollution, Editor(s): Vinod Kumar Garg, Anoop Yadav, Chandra Mohan, Sushma Yadav, Neeraj Kumari, In Advances in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Green Chemistry Approaches to Environmental Sustainability, Elsevier, Pages 23-41, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-18959-3.00010-0.
9. Gilbert R. O. (1987). Statistical methods for environmental pollution monitoring, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
10. Kendall M. G. (1975). Rank Correlation Methods, fourth ed. Charles Griffin, London.
11. Latza U., Gerdes S., Baur X. (2009). Effects of nitrogen dioxide on human health: Systematic review of experimental and epidemiological studies conducted between 2002 and 2006, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, Volume 212, Issue 3, Pages 271-287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.06.003.
12. Mahler B., Băiceanu D., Panciu T. C., Florea R. M., Iorga A. L., Gnat M., German C. F., Pârvu S., Paraschiv D., Manea D., Mihai M., Ibraim E., Timar B., Mihălțan F. D. (2023). Air Pollutants and Their Impact on Chronic Diseases—A Retrospective Study in Bucharest, Romania, Atmosphere 14, no. 5: 867, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14050867.
13. Mann H. B. (1945). Non-parametric tests against trend, Econometrica 13, 245–259.
14. Manoiu V.-M., Tiscovschi A.A., Craciun A.-I. (2018). A Deep Dive into the Chronic Air Pollution Reality in Baia Mare. Part III: Air Pollution Effects on the Local Population between 1980 and 2006, INTCESS 2018- 5th International Conference on Education and Social Sciences, February 5-7, 2018, Istanbul, Turkey, ISBN: 978-605-82433-2-3, ISI Conference Abstracts and Proceedings: http://www.ocerint.org/intcess18_e-publication/papers/167.pdf.
15. Nica M.-A., Costache M.-S., Marin M.-I., Mănoiu V.-M, (2024). A Review of Water Pollution in Israel and Palestine, European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 20(18), 285. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n18p285.
16. NIS. (2024). Statistical data regarding tourism in 2023, National Institute of Statistics, retrieved August 18, 2024, from https://constanta.insse.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/comunicatDJSCT_nr4_2024_TurismAn2023.pdf.
17. Panaitescu M., Panaitescu F.-V., Panait C., Bardasu O., Merla V.-A. (2020). Assessment and risk prevention of air pollution in urban sites, E3S Web of Conferences, 180. 04014, DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202018004014.
18. Partene G-C., Simion D., Ionescu S., Nicolae F., Cotorcea A. (2023). Analysis of maritime container traffic in the ports of the Black Sea basin, International Conference of Management and Industrial Engineering, 11, 139–146. https://doi.org/10.56177/11icmie2023.20.
19. Population HUB. (2024). List of cities in Romania 2024, retrieved August 18, 2024, from https://population-hub.com/en/ro/list-of-cities-in-romania-by-population.html.
20. Rata V., Rusu L. (2019). Air pollutant products resulting from port activity of ships in Constanta harbour, 10.5593/sgem2019/4.1/S19.104, DOI: 10.5593/sgem2019/4.1/S19.104.
21. Rentschler J., Leonova N. (2023). Global air pollution exposure and poverty, Naure Communications 14, 4432, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39797-4.
22. Salmi T., Maatta A., Anttila P., Ruoho-Airola T., Amnell T. (2002). Detecting trends of annual values of atmospheric pollutants by the Mann–Kendall Test and Sen's Slope Estimates – The Excel Template Application Makesens, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
23. Sen P. K. (1968). Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's Tau, Journal of the American Statistical Association 63, 1379–1389.
24. Sicard P., Agathokleous E., Anenberg S.C., Alessandra De Marco, Paoletti E., Calatayud V. (2023). Trends in urban air pollution over the last two decades: A global perspective, Science of The Total Environment, Volume 858, Part 2, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160064.
25. Song S.-K., Shon Z.-H., Moon S.-H., Lee T.-H., Kim H.-S., Kang S.-H., Park G.-H., Yoo E.-C. (2022). Impact of international Maritime Organization 2020 sulfur content regulations on port air quality at international hub port, Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 347, 131298, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131298.
26. Tiscovschi A.A. (2005). Climate and air pollution in Southern Dobrogea (in Romanian), Univeristy Publishing House, Bucharest, Romania.
27. Ukaogo P.O., Ewuzie U., Onwuka C.V. (2020). 21 - Environmental pollution: causes, effects, and the remedies, Editor(s): Pankaj Chowdhary, Abhay Raj, Digvijay Verma, Yusuf Akhter, Microorganisms for Sustainable Environment and Health, Elsevier, Pages 419-429, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819001-2.00021-8.
28. Vohra A., Vodonos A., Schwartz J., Marais E.A., Sulprizio M.P., Mickley L.J. (2021). Global mortality from outdoor fine particle pollution generated by fossil fuel combustion: Results from GEOS-Chem, Environmental Research, Volume 195, 110754, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110754.
29. WPR. (2024). Demographic statistical data of Romanian cities, retrieved August 18, 2024, from https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/romania/constanta.
30. Zhu Z., Qiao Y., Liu Q., Lin C., Dang E., Fu W., Wang G., Dong J. (2021). The impact of meteorological conditions on Air Quality Index under different urbanization gradients: a case from Taipei. Environ Dev Sustain 23, 3994–4010, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00753-7.
Published
2024-09-30
How to Cite
Nica, M.-A., & Mănoiu, V.-M. (2024). Recent Trends in Air Pollution in the Most Important City of The Romanian Black Sea Coast. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 20(27), 1. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n27p1
Section
ESJ Natural/Life/Medical Sciences
Copyright (c) 2024 Miruna-Amalia Nica, Valentina-Mariana Mănoiu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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