Freedom of Religion and Belief in International Documents and National Legislation
Keywords:
Freedom of religion, Legislation, Media and religion
Abstract
Human rights are protected by various international documents, reinforced by numerous legal acts and national legislation, underscoring their importance for individuals and, more broadly, for the development of each state. The extent to which human rights are effectively ensured, realized, and exercised within a state is directly linked to the degree of its democracy. Freedom of belief, religion, and conscience is among the most fundamental rights upon which the concept of a legal and democratic state is built. This right plays a crucial role in establishing religious and, more generally, democratic pluralism, which is essential for maintaining public peace and harmony. Therefore, this paper focuses on examining freedom of religion and belief as reflected in international documents and national legislation.
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References
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7. CCPR General Comment No. 22: Article 18 (Freedom of Thought, Conscience or Religion) Adopted at the Forty-eighth Session of the Human Rights Committee, on 30 July 1993 CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.4. https://www.refworld.org/legal/general/hrc/1993/en/13375
8. Constitution of Georgia, https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/30346?publication=36
9. Declaration on the Freedom of Expression and Information (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 29.04.1982 at its 70th Session); https://rm.coe.int/0900001680535fad
10. European Convention on Human Rights, Convention for the Protection of Human Rightsand Fundamental Freedoms, as amended by Protocols Nos. 11, 14 and 15; supplemented by Protocols Nos. 1, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13 and 16; European Court of Human Rights, Council of Europe, Rome, 4.XI.1950. https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/d/echr/convention_eng
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12. Freedom of Religion, Freedom Institute, Tbilisi, 2004. pp. 152-177
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14. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, United Nations (1966). https://treaties.un. org /doc/treaties/1976/03/19760323%2006-17%20am/ch_iv_04.pdf
15. M. A. v. Italy, Communication No. 117/1981, 10.04. 1984. # 117/1981, http://hrlibrary.umn.e du/undocs/html/117-1981.htm
16. Nowak, M. (1993). UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights : CCPR commentary, Kehl, Germany, etc.: N.P. Engel
17. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Nations (UN) (1948). https://www.supremeco urt.ge/files/upload-file/pdf/act3.pdf
18. Wolfe, C. (2000). Public Morality and the Modern Supreme Court The American Journal of Jurisprudence, Volume 45, Issue 1, Pages 65–92, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajj/45.1.65
Published
2025-03-15
How to Cite
Adamashvili, M. (2025). Freedom of Religion and Belief in International Documents and National Legislation. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 21(39), 133. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2025.v21n39p133
Section
Special Editions
Copyright (c) 2025 Mariam Adamashvili
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
