Contribution of Satellite Imagery, Geographic Information Systems, Pedology, and Statistical Analysis to the Characterization of Water Availability Potential in Urban Watersheds: Application to the Former Municipality of Ratoma (Republic of Guinea)
Keywords:
Urban watershed, Remote sensing, Hydromorphometry, Statistical analysis, Water potential
Abstract
In response to the challenges associated with drinking water supply in urban areas, this study proposes an integrated approach to characterize the water availability potential of watersheds in the former municipality of Ratoma, Guinea. The research combines remote sensing (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission of USGS), Geographic information system (automatic extraction of watersheds and hydro-morphometric parameters), soil characterization, and multivariate statistical analysis. Based on the Digital terrain model, 38 watersheds were identified and described according to 29 hydro-morphometric parameters. Principal component analysis explained 86.24% of the total variance across three main axes: structural dimension (45.05%), the density of the hydrographic network (23.41%), and the energy of the relief (17.78%). Ascending hierarchical classification distinguished two functional groups: on the one hand, small basins (0.16-1.67 km²) with a rapid hydrological response, and on the other hand, larger basins (1.76-7 km²) with slower dynamics. At the same time, Ratoma's soil analysis identified nine soil units, dominated by skeletal formations (75%) with rapid drainage. Granulometric and qualitative analysis of the samples revealed significant textural variability that may influence infiltration. Coarse soils have a high infiltration capacity but low water retention, while fine soils exhibit temporary hydromorphy. Cross-referencing the results made it possible to spatially identify areas with high water potential (hydromorphic soils) and transit areas (skeletal soils), providing a valuable tool for decision-making in the sustainable management of groundwater resources in urban contexts, particularly for selecting sites suitable for drilling and for planning sustainable supply strategies.
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References
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2. Ameur N., e. S. (2020). Use of a GIS for the evaluation of the morphometric characteristics of a sub-watershed and their influences on water flow: Oued Bou Saâda sub-watershed, Algeria. Master's thesis, Mohamed Boudiaf University–M'sila.
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5. Barbot A., HM (2019). Morphological and hydrodynamic characterization of the Tazarine basin (Eastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco). EWASH & TI Journal, 3 (3), 198–208.
6. Bentekhici N. (2006). Use of a GIS for the evaluation of the physical characteristics of a watershed and their influences on water flow (Oued El Maleh watershed, Northwest Algeria). ESRI Francophone Conference.
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8. Benzougagh, BD (2019). Contribution of GIS and remote sensing to the assessment of the physical characteristics of the Oued Inaouene watershed (Northeast Morocco) and their uses in the field of natural hazard management. American Journal of Innovative Research & Applied Sciences . Retrieved from www.american-jiras.com
9. Bouféev & al. (1968). Explanatory note for the Conakry-Forécariah sheet. Mission, National Directorate of Mines and Geology, Geological Research Office.
10. Bouroche JM & Saporta G. (1980). Data analysis (4th ed.). Paris: Que sais-je? Collection.
11. BRGM & ANTEA. (2014). Technical assistance for the assessment and mapping of flood hazard in French Polynesia. Orléan: Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières.
12. Cartier L. & Leclerc A. (1964). Eaton River: (tributary of the Saint-François): topographic characteristics of the watershed. (M. d.-S. l'hydrométrie, Ed.) Quebec, Canada: Ministère des Richesses naturelles.
13. Cartier L. and Leclerc A. (1964). Eaton River: topographic characteristics of the watershed. Quebec: Ministry of Natural Resources.
14. Chirala U, KN (2012). Correlation of geomorphometric parameters for the hydrological characterization of Meghadrigedda watershed, Visakhapatnam, India – a GIS approach. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), 4 (07). doi:3169-3183
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18. Defays D. (1977). "An efficient algorithm for a complete link method". The Computer Journal (20), 364–366.
19. Desbordes, Michel. (1989). Main causes of aggravation of flood damage by surface runoff in urban areas. Bulletin Hydrologie Urbaine de la SHF (4), 2 to 10.
20. Diop Baye Oumar, GI (2018). Grain Size Influence on the Compaction Aptitude and the Bearing Strength of the Gravel Lateritic Soils. Geomaterials, 08 (04). doi:10.4236/gm.2018.84005
21. Douha Akkari. (2024). Study of the correlation between precipitation, river flow, and morphometric parameters in the El Bared watershed, North Lebanon, using GIS. VertigO - the electronic journal in environmental sciences . doi:10.4000/12mlb
22. Zoualou Sorel Dzaba, AL-K. (2024). Geotechnical, mineralogical, petrographic and microstructural characterization of two lateritic gravels from Congo. Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering (SJCE), 8 (9), 200-212. doi: https://doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2024.v08i09.002
23. Eleanor L. Heasley, NJ (2019). Integrating network topology metrics into studies of catchment-level effects on river characteristics. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 23 (5), 2305-2319. doi:10.5194/hess-23-2305-2019
24. Eléonore Beckers, MP (2016). Characterization of stony soils' hydraulic conductivity using laboratory and numerical experiments. SOIL, 2 (3), 421-431. doi:10.5194/soil-2-421-2016
25. Faidance Mashauri, MM (2023, December). Influence of hydro-morphometric parameters on water flow in the sub-watersheds of the Tshopo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. International Journal of Geomatics , 11. doi:10.32604/rig.2023.044124
26. Faidance Mashauri, MM (2023). Use of geographic information systems and digital terrain models in the analysis of hydro-morphometric characteristics of the sub-watersheds of the Tshopo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. International Journal of Geomatics, 23. doi:10.32604/rig.2023.044899
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31. Faure Paul, VB (1998). Some factors affecting regional differentiation of the soils in the Republic of Benin (West Africa). CATENA, 32 (3-4), 281-306. doi:10.1016/S0341-8162(98)00038-1
32. Faye Cheikh. (2014). Statistical analysis method of morphometric data: correlation of morphometric parameters and influence on the flow of the sub-basins of the Senegal River. Cinq Continents, 4 (10), 80-108.
33. Flodkvist Herman & Hjulström Filip. (1936). Studies of the Morphological Activity of Rivers as Illustrated by the River Fyris. Geografiska Annaler, 18 , 121. doi:10.2307/519824
34. Francisco José Del Toro-Guerrero, ER-G. (2018). Variations in Soil Water Content, Infiltration and Potential Recharge at Three Sites in a Mediterranean Mountainous Region of Baja California, Mexico. water, 10 (12), 1844. doi:10.3390/w10121844
35. Gaelle Poulier, CM (2018). Evaluation of sources of organic contaminants in suspended matter in the Rhône basin. Inrae. HAL. Retrieved from https://hal.science/hal-03378288v1
36. Gaston C. (1942). In the ashes of time.
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38. Gilbert Saporta, NN (2003). Principal component analysis. HAL open science , 19-42. Retrieved from https://cnam.hal.science/hal-02507732
39. Güler, C. T. (2002). Evaluation of graphical and multivariate statistical methods for classification of water chemistry data. Hydrogeology Journal (10), 455–474.
40. Hakeem Musaed, AE-K. (2022). Morphometric, Meteorological, and Hydrologic Characteristics Integration for Rainwater Harvesting Potential Assessment in Southeast Beni Suef (Egypt). Sustainability, 14 (21), 14183. doi:10.3390/su142114183
41. Hector Basile, CJ-M. (2018). Hydrological functioning of western African inland valleys explored with a critical zone model. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 22 (11), 5867-5888. doi:10.5194/hess-22-5867-2018
42. Horton RE (1932). Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins: Hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 56 (3), 275-370. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1945)56[275:EDOSAT]2.0.CO;2
43. Horton Robert E. (1945). Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins: Hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. (GS (GSA), Ed.) Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 56 (3), 275 – 370. doi:https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1945)56%5B275:EDOSAT%5D2.0.CO;2
44. Ibrahim Mubarak, JC-J. (2009). Temporal variability in soil hydraulic properties under drip irrigation. Geoderma, 150 (1), 158-165. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.01.022
45. Ibrahima Thiaw. (2020). Characterization and valorization of water resources in the lowlands of the Diarha watershed. Hydrology. Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar. Retrieved from https://ird.hal.science/tel-03253532v1
46. Kadéba Abel, TS (2020). Soil condition and properties under some woody species of degraded glacis in northern Burkina Faso. Journal of International Experimental Agriculture, 42 (11), 10-22. doi:10.9734/jeai/2020/v42i1130617
47. Kamila Baba Hamed & Abderrazak Bounani. (2016). Characterization of a watershed by statistical analysis of morphometric parameters: The case of the Tafna watershed (Northwest Algeria). Geo-Eco-Trop., 40 (4), 277-286. Retrieved from http://www.geoecotrop.be
48. Kirsten Hennrich, M. J. (2004). A hillslope hydrology approach for catchment-scale slope stability analysis. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29 (5), 599-610. doi:10.1002/esp.1054
49. Lakraa, S. (2022). Contribution to the hydrological study of the Ain Smen catchment, Fes. Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fes, Morocco.
50. Mahala Avijit. (2019). The significance of morphometric analysis to understand the hydrological and morphological characteristics in two different morpho-climatic settings. Applied Water Science, 10 (1), 33. doi:10.1007/s13201-019-1118-2
51. Mahyar Naseri, S.C. (2023). Rock fragments influence the water retention and hydraulic conductivity of soils. ResearchGate . doi:10.1002/vzj2.20243
52. Robert Manning. (1891). On the flow of water in open channels and pipes. (I. o. Ireland, Ed.) Transactions of the Institution of Civil Engineers of Ireland, 20 (2), 161–207.
53. Mutsa C. Masiyandima, N. v. (2025). The hydrology of inland valleys in the sub-humid zone of West Africa: Rainfall-runoff processes in the M'b?? experimental watershed. ResearchGate, 17 (6), 1213 - 1225. doi:10.1002/hyp.1191
54. Nihad M. and Hicham M. (2022). Study of the hydrological functioning of the Oued El-Agrem/Jijel catchment, NE Algeria. Master's thesis, University of Jijel, Algeria.
55. ORSTOM (1973). Activity Report 1972-1973. Office of Overseas Scientific and Technical Research (ORSTOM). Retrieved from https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers21-03/010026320.pdf
56. Oyediran GO & Wakatsuki, T. (2015). Hydromorphic soils of two inland valley swamps in the rain forest zone of Nigeria. I some physical and chemical Properties. Retrieved from https://agris.fao.org/search/en/providers/125705/records/68b6dc9268d9e6806700ab3e?utm_source=chatgpt.com
57. Pearson K. (1901). "On Lines and Planes of Closest Fit to Systems of Points in Space.". Philosophical Magazine (2), 559–572.
58. Polidori L. (1997). "Radar Mapping". Taylor & Francis.
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Published
2025-12-07
How to Cite
Ninamou, T., Bernadin, E. M., Mory, K., Tchantipe, N., & Diakite, S. (2025). Contribution of Satellite Imagery, Geographic Information Systems, Pedology, and Statistical Analysis to the Characterization of Water Availability Potential in Urban Watersheds: Application to the Former Municipality of Ratoma (Republic of Guinea). European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 48, 218. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/20408
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ESI Preprints
Copyright (c) 2025 Tokpo Ninamou, Elegbede Manou Bernadin, Kourouma Mory, NTcha Tchantipe, Sine Diakite
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