Evaluation of Sanitation Risk of Toxic Waste Contaminated Soils
Abstract
This work aim to understand the sanitation risk of toxic waste on tropical contaminated soils. The Ivorian Antipollution Center discovered 540 m3 of the toxic waste from Probo Koala boat in 21 August, 2006. These toxic waste have been seen in 13 zones of the Abidjan district : Akouédo, Abobo, Abobo Alépé road (DJIBI village), civile prison road (MACA), industrial zone of Koumassi, Port-Bouët - Vridi CAP Logistic (Rue Saint-Sylvestre)… This situation caused a socio-political crisis and generated the death of many people. In the aim to know the environmental impact and health risk assessment of toxics waste, of these contaminated soils in Abidjan district (Ivory Coast) the samples of these toxic waste have been sent to analyses in France. This analyse show that the principal compound of thes toxic waste are Polycyclics Aromatics Hydrocarbons (PAH), Volatile Aromatics Compound (VAC), Mercaptans and sulfurs molecules, Heavy metal, sulfur, Aliphatic Hydrocarbons, Linear hydrocarbons and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH). As these compounds present carcinogenic, toxic, and mutagenic properties, some of them were classified as priority pollutants by the US-EPA (Keith and Telliard 1979). In environment, the toxic waste cause the contamination of sols, water, air around the world (US-EPA, 1999). In this work, we want to present to you the risk of toxics waste on the health of people and the environment in the district of Abidjan.
Downloads
References
2. Biache C, Ghislain T, Faure P, Mansuy-Huault L (2011), Low temperature oxidation of a coking plant soil organic matter and its major constituents: An experimental approach to simulate a long term evolution. J Hazard Mater 188(1–3):221–230.
doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat. 2011.01.102
3. Biache, C., Kouadio, O., Hanna, K., Lorgeoux, C., Faure, P. (2014a), Role of goethite during air-oxidation of PAH-contaminated soils. Chemosphere.117 : 823-829.
4. Biache, C., Kouadio, O., Lorgeoux, C., Faure, P. (2014b), Impact of clay mineral on airoxidation of PAH-contaminated soils. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 1–10.
5. ECB (2003), European Chemicals Bureau. Technical guidance document (TGD) on risk assessment in support of Comission Directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances, Commission regulation (EC) No 1488/94 on risk assessment for existing substances, Directive 98/8/EC of the European parliament and of the council concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market. Part I.
6. ECHA (2010), European Chemicals Agency. Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.15: Consumer exposure estimation. European chemicals agency, (European chemicals agency, Helsinki, Finlande)
ECHA (2011), European chemicals agency. Guidance on the compilation of safety data sheets. European chemicals agency, (European chemicals agency, Helsinki, Finlande)
7. Faure P, Jeanneau L, Lannuzel F (2006a) Analysis of organic matter by flash pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in the presence of Na-smectite: When clay minerals lead to identical molecular signature. Org Geochem 37 (12):1900–1912.
doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.09.008
8. Faure P, Landais P, Griffault L (1999), Behavior of organic matter from Callovian shales during low-temperature air oxidation. Fuel 78(13): 1515–1525
9. Faure P, Landais P (2000), Evidence for clay minerals catalytic effects during low temperature air oxidation of n-alkanes. Fuel 79(14): 1751–1756
10. Faure P, Schlepp L, Burkle-Vitzthum V, Elie M (2003), Low temperature air oxidation of n-alkanes in the presence of Na-smectite. Fuel 82(14):1751–1762
11. Faure P, Jeanneau L, Lannuzel F (2006a) Analysis of organic matter by flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in the presence of Na-smectite:When clay minerals lead to identical molecular signature. Org Geochem 37 (12):19001912. doi:10.1016/j. orggeochem.2006.09.008
12. Faure P, Schlepp L, Mansuy-Huault L, Elie M, Jardé E, Pelletier M (2006b), Aromatization of organic matter induced by the presence of clays during flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (PyGC–MS): a major analytical artifact. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 75 (1):1–10. doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2005.02.004
13. Keith LH, Telliard WA (1979) Priority pollutants: I. A perspective view. Environ Sci Technol 13(4):416–423
14. US-EPA (1992), Supplemental Guidance to RAGS: Calculating the Concentration Term. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 8 p.
15. US-EPA (1997), Exposure Factors Handbook. 1216 p.
16. US-EPA (1999), Use of monitored natural attenuation at superfund, RCRA corrective action, and underground storage tank sites. USEPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response: Washington (DC).
17. US-EPA (2001), Process for Conducting Probabilistic Risk Assessment. RAGS (Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund). Vol. 3: Part A. December 31, 2001. 291 p.
18. US-EPA (2004), Examination of EPA Risk Assessment Principles and Practices. March 2004. 193 p.
19. US-EPA (2007a), Estimation of Relative Availaility of Lead in soil and soil-like Material using in vivo and in vitro Methods. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 74p.
20. US-EPA (2007b), User’s Guide for the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children (IEUBK). The Technical Review Workgroup for Metals and Asbestos (TRW). 59 p.
21. US-EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) (2009), Metabolically- derived human ventilation rates: A revised approach based upon oxygen consumption rates. Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC; EPA/600/R-06/129F.
22. US-EPA (2011) Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition. 1436 p.
US-EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) (2011), Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC; EPA/600/R09/052F.
23. US-EPA (2012), Recommendations for Default Value for Relative Bioavailability of Arsenic in Soil. 4 p.
US-EPA (2012), Compilation and Review of Data on Relative Bioavailability of Arsenic in Soil. 58 p.
24. OSTROM (1993), Environment and aquatic resources of Ivory Coast.
25. OSTROM (1990), Landscape quaternaries of the Central and Atlantic Africa.
26. Socotec (2011), deepened diagnosis of potentially pollute-analysis of the sanitary risks according to the missions A110, A120, A200, A220, A320 of norm NF X31-620.
Copyright (c) 2025 Olivier Kouadio, Antoine Koffi, Maxime Romeo Kouadio, Frank Maxime Gnamba, Kouassi Dongo, Koffi Sebastien Ouffoue
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
