Prevalence and Mean Intensity of Nematode Parasites in Anurans of the Genus Sclerophrys in Burkina Faso (West Africa)
Keywords:
Parasitic nematodes, anurans, Sclerophrys, Burkina Faso
Abstract
As part of a study aimed at improving understanding of parasitic infections in anurans for their conservation in Burkina Faso, a survey was conducted on nematode parasites infecting anurans of the genus Sclerophrys between June 2022 and November 2023 in the provinces of Ganzourgou, Kadiogo, and Houet. Anurans were collected at night using the Visual and Acoustic Encounter Survey (VAES) method, then dissected and examined for nematode infections. A total of 743 individuals of the genus Sclerophrys (family Bufonidae) were examined, with 669 found to be infected, resulting in an overall prevalence of 90.04%. Seasonal prevalence was 87.94% during the rainy season and 92.35% during the dry season, with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.05). Nine nematode species were identified: Amplicaecum pesteri, Cosmocerca ornata, Oswaldocruzia sp., Physaloptera sp., Rhabdias africanus, Rhabdias sp., Cosmocercella sp., Cosmocercoides sp., and Aplectana sp. The most prevalent species was Cosmocercoides sp. (58.95%), while Cosmocerca ornata was the least prevalent (0.26%). This study provides significant insights into the Sclerophrys anurans population and their nematode parasites. Four Bufonidae toad species— Sclerophrys maculata, S. regularis, S. pentoni, and Sclerophrys xeros—were found to be infested by these nine nematode species. The high overall prevalence indicates a significant parasitic burden in these Sclerophrys toads. Furthermore, the parasitic load was notably higher in environments with increased pollution from chemical fertilizer use.
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References
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24. Goly, N. S., Assemian, N. E., & Oungbe, K. V. (2022). Factors favouring helminths parasites prevalence in Ptychadena mascareniensis from wetland and forests of urban and peri-urban areas of Daloa department (Ivory Coast, West Africa). International Journal of Advanced Research, 10(05), 37–45.
25. González, C. E., & Hamann, M. I. (2015). First report of Schulzia travassosi (Nematoda, Trichostrongylina, Molineoidea) for amphibians of the Chaco region in Argentina and proposal of Oswaldocruzia melanostictusi nov. comb. Acta Parasitologica, 60(4), 784-790.
26. González, C. E., & Hamann, M. I. (2008). Nematode parasites of two anuran species Rhinella schneideri (Bufonidae) and Scinax acuminatus (Hylidae) from Corrientes, Argentina. Revista de Biología Tropical, 56(4), 2147-2161.
27. Guerry, A. D., & Hunter, J. M. (2002). Amphibian distributions in a landscape of forest and agriculture: an examination of landscape composition and configuration. Conservation Biology, 16, 745–754.
28. Halajian, A., Bursey, C. R., Goldberg, S. R., & Luus-Powell, W. (2013). Helminths of six species of anurans from the Republic of South Africa: Amietophrynus garmani, Amietophrynus gutturalis, Amietophrynus maculatus, Schismaderma carens (Bufonidae), Amietia angolensis, and Strongylopus grayii (Pyxicephalidae), with a review of South African anuran helminths. Comparative Parasitology, 80(1), 80–95.
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30. Hulme, P. E. (2017). Climate change and biological invasions: evidence, expectations, and response options. Biological Reviews, 92(3), 1297–1313.
31. Imasuen, A. A., Ozemoka, H. J., & Aisien, M. S. (2012). Anurans as intermediate and paratenic hosts of helminth infections in the rainforest and derived savanna biotopes of southern Nigeria. International Journal of Zoology, 12, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/823970
32. INSD,(2019). Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie. Recensement général de la population et de l’habitation (5èRGPH), caractéristiques des ménages et de la population.Volume 2/ 516 p.
33. Khalil, L. F., Jones, A., & Bray, R. A. (Eds.). (1994). Keys to the cestode parasites of vertebrates. International Institute of Parasitology, St. Albans, UK.
34. Knudsen, R., Gabler, H. M., Kuris, A. M., & Amundsen, P. A. (2001). Selective predation on parasitized prey: A comparison between two helminth species with different life-history strategies. Journal of Parasitology, 87(5), 941–945.
35. Lafferty, K. D., Allesina, S., Arim, M., Briggs, C. J., Deleo, G., Dobson, A. P., Dune, J. A., Johnson, P. T., Kuris, A. M., Marcogliese, D. J., Martinez, N. D., Memmott, J., Marquet, P. A., Mclaughlin, J. P., Mordecai, E. A., Pascual, M., Poulin, R., & Thieltges, D. W. (2008). Parasites in food webs: The ultimate missing links. Ecology Letters, 11, 533–546.
36. Lescure, G. (1991). L'alimentation du crapaud Bufo regularis et de la grenouille Dicroglossus occipitalis (Günter) au Sénégal. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire, 33, 446–466.
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38. Mcallister, C., Bursey, C., & Freed, P. (2010). Helminth parasites (Cestoidea, Nematoda, Pentastomida) of selected herpetofauna from Cameroon, West Africa. Acta Parasitologica, 55(1), 90–93.
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Published
2025-12-18
How to Cite
Soubeiga, P., Boungou, M., Thiombiano, G. N., Chabi, A. M. B., Zougouri, N. E., Ouedraogo, N. A., Bagayan, M., & Sinare, Y. (2025). Prevalence and Mean Intensity of Nematode Parasites in Anurans of the Genus Sclerophrys in Burkina Faso (West Africa). European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 48, 290. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/20416
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ESI Preprints
Copyright (c) 2025 Patricia Soubeiga, Magloire Boungou, Gabiliga Noel Thiombiano, Adechegoun Meschac Bertrand Chabi, Nakoula Emile Zougouri, Nazeguenimba Armel Ouedraogo, Mohamed Bagayan, Yamba Sinare
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
