Explication naïve des accidents de la route chez les conducteurs de véhicules des transports publics informels à Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) : "gbaka ", "woro-woro" et "taxicompteur
Abstract
En Côte d’Ivoire, des efforts importants ont été déployés par les pouvoirs publics pour améliorer la sécurité routière, notamment en matière d’infrastructures, de régulation de la circulation routière et de sensibilisation des automobilistes et des piétons sur les dangers liés aux conduites imprudentes. Cependant, l’insécurité routière demeure un problème de santé publique national, en raison du nombre élevé d’accidents enregistrés et de leurs conséquences physiques (blessures, handicaps, décès), économiques (dommages matériels, pertes financières), sociales (deuils des enfants et des conjoints) et psychologiques (traumatisme, sentiment d’insécurité).
La présente étude qualitative tente de comprendre l’implication des chauffeurs des transports publics informels dans les accidents de la route à Abidjan, à partir de leurs explications naïves des accidents. Elle s’appuie sur des entretiens approfondis conduits auprès de 21 chauffeurs des transports publics informels, sélectionnés à l’aide de l’échantillonnage par cas multiples. Les données verbales collectées sont exploitées au moyen de l’analyse de contenu thématique.
Les résultats mettent en évidence que les explications naïves des accidents chez les chauffeurs des transports publics informels à Abidjan se fondent sur cinq catégories de facteurs, en l’occurrence les facteurs individuels (61%), les facteurs socioéconomiques (21%), les facteurs institutionnels (10%), les facteurs liés au véhicule (6%) et les facteurs environnementaux (2%). Ces informations pourraient aider à l’élaboration de programmes de sensibilisation efficaces pour réduire les prises de risque chez les chauffeurs des transports publics informels à Abidjan.
In Côte d'Ivoire, significant efforts have been made by the public authorities to improve road safety, particularly in terms of infrastructure, for regulating road traffic and raising awareness among motorists and pedestrians about the dangers of reckless driving. However, road insecurity remains a national public health problem, due to the high number of accidents recorded and their physical consequences (injuries, disabilities, deaths), economic (property damage, financial losses), social (bereavement of children and spouses) and psychological (trauma, feeling of insecurity).
The present qualitative study attempts to understand the involvement of informal public transport drivers in road accidents in Abidjan, from their naive explanations of accidents. It is based on in-depth interviews conducted with 21 drivers of informal public transport, sectioned using multiple case sampling. The collected verbal data is exploited through thematic content analysis.
The results highlight that the naive explanations of accidents among informal public transport drivers in Abidjan are based on five categories of factors, namely individual factors (61%), socioeconomic factors (21%), institutional factors (10%), vehicle-related factors (6%) and environmental factors (2%). This information could assist in the development of effective awareness programs to reduce risk-taking among informal public transport drivers in Abidjan.
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