Dynamique de la Fréquentation Touristique et Gouvernance Durable de la Grotte de Dimba (RD Congo) : Bilan, Tendances et Projections à l'Horizon 2035

  • Daniel Mudinga Mudinga Enseignant et Chercheur à l’Université Pédagogique Nationale, RDC
  • Archal Ngandote Mutemusa Enseignant et Chercheur à l’Université Pédagogique Nationale, RDC
  • Holy Holenu Mangenda Professeur et Chercheur à l’Université de Kinshasa, RDC
  • Jacques Matadi Pasa Makina Professeur et Chercheur à l’Université Pédagogique Nationale, RDC
Keywords: Grotte, Dynamique touristique, Approche systémique, Gouvernance, Zonage tripartite, Caecobarbus geertsii, RDC, UNESCO

Abstract

Cette étude analyse la dynamique de la fréquentation touristique de la grotte de Dimba en République Démocratique du Congo, en articulant un bilan de la période 2021-2025 et des projections rigoureuses à l’horizon 2035. Le site, bien qu’inscrit sur la liste indicative de l’UNESCO depuis 1997, souffre d’un paradoxe majeur : une valeur patrimoniale et biologique exceptionnelle (notamment l’habitat du poisson aveugle Caecobarbus geertsii) confrontée à une dégradation environnementale sévère et une inertie administrative persistante. L’approche systémique a permis de distinguer le « système cryptique » (écosystème souterrain) du « système anthropique » (acteurs humains). Des analyses statistiques multidimensionnelles (AFM, ACP, ACM) et la corrélation de Spearman ont été utilisées pour évaluer les interactions entre le profil des touristes et leur perception du site. Les résultats montrent une baisse progressive de la fréquentation touristique (de 156 visiteurs en 2021 à 125 en 2025) et une perception de forte dégradation par 94,2 % des enquêtés en 2024. La gouvernance du site est jugée très faible, avec des initiatives de réhabilitation non concrétisées. Sans mesures correctives, les projections indiquent une diminution significative de la fréquentation et une intensification des pressions environnementales d’ici 2035. L’étude propose un modèle d’aménagement durable basé sur un zonage tripartite (protection intégrale, touristique, boisement) et une transition vers une gouvernance partagée et communautaire, impliquant les populations locales, comme condition sine qua non pour un classement effectif à l’UNESCO.

 

This study analyzes the dynamics of tourist traffic to the Dimba Cave in the Democratic Republic of Congo, combining an assessment of the period 2021–2025 with rigorous projections to 2035. The site, although on UNESCO’s Tentative List since 1997, suffers from a major paradox: exceptional heritage and biological value (notably the habitat of the blind fish Caecobarbus geertsii) is juxtaposed with severe environmental degradation and persistent administrative inertia. A systems approach was used to distinguish the “cryptic system” (underground ecosystem) from the “anthropogenic system” (human actors). Multidimensional statistical analyses (MFA, PCA, MCA) and Spearman’s rank correlation were used to assess the interactions between tourist profiles and their perception of the site. The results show a gradual decline in tourist numbers (from 156 visitors in 2021 to 125 in 2025) and a perception of significant degradation by 94.2% of respondents in 2024. Site governance is considered very weak, with rehabilitation initiatives not yet implemented. Without corrective measures, projections indicate a significant decrease in visitor numbers and an intensification of environmental pressures by 2035. The study proposes a sustainable development model based on tripartite zoning (full protection, tourism, afforestation) and a transition to shared, community-based governance, involving local populations, as a prerequisite for effective UNESCO World Heritage status.

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Published
2026-07-14
How to Cite
Mudinga Mudinga, D., Ngandote Mutemusa, A., Holenu Mangenda, H., & Matadi Pasa Makina, J. (2026). Dynamique de la Fréquentation Touristique et Gouvernance Durable de la Grotte de Dimba (RD Congo) : Bilan, Tendances et Projections à l’Horizon 2035. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 55, 444. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/21293
Section
ESI Preprints