Gouvernance Durable et Dynamique de la Fréquentation Touristique de la Grotte de Dimba (RD Congo)
Abstract
Objectifs : Cette étude vise à analyser l'incidence des modèles de gouvernance environnementale sur la dynamique de fréquentation touristique de la grotte de Dimba. Elle poursuit spécifiquement l'évaluation de l'état des lieux des flux de visiteurs (2021-2025), la mesure de la perception de la dégradation écologique par les usagers, l'identification des failles institutionnelles de gestion et la modélisation des tendances de fréquentation à l'horizon 2035. Champ d’application : La recherche se concentre sur la grotte de Dimba, un écosystème karstique situé dans la province du Kongo Central (RD Congo), reconnu pour sa biodiversité endémique, notamment le poisson aveugle Caecobarbus geertsii, et son potentiel patrimonial exceptionnel. Méthodes : Adoptant une approche systémique articulée entre systèmes cryptique et anthropique, l'étude s'appuie sur une méthodologie mixte. Des enquêtes quantitatives ont été menées auprès d'un échantillon de 345 touristes sur une période de cinq ans. Les données ont été soumises à des analyses statistiques multidimensionnelles (Analyse en Composantes Principales, Analyse des Correspondances Multiples, Corrélation de Spearman) et à une modélisation par régression linéaire pour les projections prospectives. Résultats : Les analyses révèlent une érosion constante de l'attractivité du site, marquée par une baisse de la fréquentation annuelle de 156 à 125 visiteurs entre 2021 et 2025 (R² = 0,96). Cette dynamique négative est corrélée à une perception quasi unanime de dégradation environnementale (94,2 %) et à une gouvernance étatique jugée inefficace. Les projections indiquent une chute critique à moins de 46 visiteurs annuels d'ici 2035 en l'absence de réformes structurelles. Conclusion : L'étude souligne l'urgence d'une transition vers un modèle de gouvernance communautaire partagée pour enrayer le déclin du site. Elle préconise la mise en œuvre d'un zonage tripartite (protection intégrale, zone touristique et boisement) comme levier de conservation de la biodiversité et de valorisation durable, condition probable pour une éventuelle inscription au patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO.
Objectives: This study aims to analyze the impact of environmental governance models on the dynamics of tourist traffic to the Dimba Cave. Specifically, it seeks to assess the current state of visitor flows (2021-2025), measure users' perceptions of ecological degradation, identify institutional management gaps, and model visitor trends to 2035. Scope: The research focuses on the Dimba Cave, a karst ecosystem located in the Kongo Central province (Democratic Republic of Congo), renowned for its endemic biodiversity, particularly the blind fish Caecobarbus geertsii, and its exceptional heritage potential. Methods: Adopting a systemic approach that integrates cryptic and anthropogenic systems, the study employs a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative surveys were conducted with a sample of 345 tourists over a five-year period. The data underwent multidimensional statistical analyses (Principal Component Analysis, Multiple Correspondence Analysis, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient) and linear regression modeling for prospective projections. Results: The analyses reveal a steady decline in the site's attractiveness, marked by a decrease in annual visitor numbers from 156 to 125 between 2021 and 2025 (R² = 0.96). This negative trend is correlated with a near-unanimous perception of environmental degradation (94.2%) and a perceived ineffectiveness of state governance. Projections indicate a critical drop to fewer than 46 annual visitors by 2035 without structural reforms. Conclusion: The study underscores the urgent need for a transition to a shared community governance model to halt the site's decline. It advocates for the implementation of a tripartite zoning system (full protection, tourist zone, and afforestation) as a lever for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development, a likely condition for potential inscription on UNESCO's World Heritage List.
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