Effet de la réduction des apports hydriques sur la croissance et le rendement de la laitue (Lactuca sativa L.) en maraichage périurbain de saison sèche au Gabon
Abstract
Cette étude a évalué l’effet de différents régimes d’irrigation sur la croissance, le développement et le rendement de la laitue (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivée en parcelles expérimentales. Trois régimes d’irrigation ont été comparés : témoin, ETM et ¾ ETM, appliqués sur des plants repiqués au stade 3–4 feuilles. Le taux de reprise a atteint 98 % pour le témoin et le ¾ ETM, et 96 % pour l’ETM au 10ᵉ jour après repiquage. Le taux de recouvrement foliaire a été plus élevé sous le témoin (44 litres/jour/planche) et l’ETM (22–33 litres/jour/planche) que sous le ¾ ETM. La biomasse aérienne au 28ᵉ jour a été de 75 g sous le témoin, 48,5 g sous l’ETM et 18,75 g sous le ¾ ETM, tandis que la biomasse racinaire a été similaire entre traitements (5–5,7 g/plant). Le rendement agronomique a atteint 109,4 kg pour l’ETM et 104 kg pour le ¾ ETM contre 94 kg pour le témoin, tandis que le rendement réel a été supérieur de 36 % sous le ¾ ETM. Ces résultats montrent que la laitue tolère des réductions modérées d’irrigation sans perte significative de rendement, bien que la qualité commerciale et la biomasse aérienne soient affectées. L’irrigation partiellement déficitaire peut prolonger le cycle de culture tout en assurant une production économiquement viable.
This study evaluated the effect of different irrigation regimes on the growth, development, and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown in experimental plots. Three irrigation regimes were compared: control, ETM, and ¾ ETM, applied to seedlings transplanted at the 3–4 leaf stage. The survival rate reached 98% for the control and ¾ ETM, and 96% for ETM on day 10 after transplanting. Leaf cover was higher under the control (44 liters/day/bed) and ETM (22–33 liters/day/bed) than under the ¾ ETM. Aboveground biomass on day 28 was 75 g under the control, 48.5 g under the ETM (Effective Total Mass) treatment, and 18.75 g under the ¾ ETM treatment, while root biomass was similar between treatments (5–5.7 g/plant). Agronomic yield reached 109.4 kg for the ETM treatment and 104 kg for the ¾ ETM treatment, compared to 94 kg for the control, while actual yield was 36% higher under the ¾ ETM treatment. These results show that lettuce tolerates moderate irrigation reductions without significant yield loss, although marketable quality and aboveground biomass are affected. Partially deficit irrigation can extend the growing cycle while ensuring economically viable production.
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