La cohérence collaborative : proposition d'un concept intégrateur pour penser l'attractivité territoriale durable des investissements directs étrangers
Abstract
Les travaux consacrés à l'attractivité territoriale des investissements directs étrangers (IDE) ont principalement documenté les déterminants structurels de la localisation : taille du marché, coûts des facteurs, capital humain, infrastructures, qualité institutionnelle. Ils expliquent ce qui attire les investisseurs, mais éclairent moins la manière dont les acteurs institutionnels d'un territoire parviennent, ou échouent, à produire collectivement les conditions de cette attractivité, et surtout à la maintenir au-delà de la décision d'implantation. Cet article théorique propose de combler cet espace conceptuel. Il procède à un examen critique de six corpus, approches classiques de l'attractivité, néo-institutionnalisme sociologique, travail institutionnel, capital social organisationnel, gouvernance collaborative, théorie des communs et marketing territorial, et montre que chacun, pris isolément, laisse en suspens une dimension que les autres ne compensent pas. De cette insuffisance croisée émerge la proposition d'un concept intégrateur : la cohérence collaborative, définie comme la capacité collective d'un système d'acteurs institutionnels territoriaux à produire, par leurs pratiques de coordination, de confiance, d'apprentissage et d'ajustement mutuel, une orientation relativement partagée, lisible pour les acteurs extérieurs et durable dans le temps. Le concept est décomposé en cinq dimensions constitutives, distingué des notions voisines par un travail explicite de délimitation conceptuelle, et interprété, avec les précautions requises, comme un commun institutionnel immatériel. L'article propose enfin un modèle théorique et cinq propositions de recherche destinées à une mise à l'épreuve empirique ultérieure.
Research on the territorial attractiveness of foreign direct investment (FDI) has largely documented the structural determinants of location: market size, factor costs, human capital, infrastructure, institutional quality. Such work explains what attracts investors, but sheds less light on how a territory's institutional actors collectively produce, or fail to produce, the conditions of that attractiveness, and above all how they sustain it beyond the establishment decision. This theoretical article addresses that conceptual gap. It critically examines six literatures, classical approaches to attractiveness, sociological neo-institutionalism, institutional work, organisational social capital, collaborative governance, commons theory and place marketing, and shows that each, taken in isolation, leaves unaddressed a dimension the others do not compensate for. From this cross-cutting insufficiency emerges the proposal of an integrative concept: collaborative coherence, defined as the collective capacity of a system of territorial institutional actors to produce, through their practices of coordination, trust, learning and mutual adjustment, a relatively shared orientation that is legible to external actors and durable over time. The concept is broken down into five constitutive dimensions, distinguished from neighbouring notions through explicit conceptual boundary work, and interpreted, with due caution, as an intangible institutional commons. The article concludes by proposing a theoretical model and five research propositions intended for subsequent empirical examination.
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