Évaluation des savoirs écologiques traditionnels relatifs au Cercopithèque de Roloway, Cercopithecus roloway (Schreber, 1774), pressions anthropiques et conservation dans la réserve naturelle Volontaire de la Forêt des Marais Tanoé-Ehy (Côte d’Ivoire)
Abstract
La Réserve Naturelle Volontaire de la Forêt des Marais Tanoé-Ehy (Côte d’Ivoire) est reconnue comme un écosystème forestier communautaire. En effet, sa gestion repose sur l’implication des populations locales et constitue aujourd’hui l’un des derniers refuges du Cercopithèque de Roloway (Cercopithecus roloway (Schreber, 1774)), espèce endémique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest classée En danger critique d’extinction (CR) sur la Liste rouge de l’UICN. Cependant, cette espèce demeure fortement menacée par les pressions anthropiques, en dépit des initiatives de conservation engagées par les populations locales. Cette étude vise à identifier les savoirs traditionnels relatifs à l’espèce et les pressions anthropiques afin d’orienter plus efficacement les campagnes de sensibilisation. Une enquête socioécologique par questionnaire a été menée auprès de 103 usagers de la forêt de mai 2024 à février 2025. Parallèlement aux enquêtes, des prospections pédestres ont été réalisées de mai 2024 à septembre 2025 afin de confronter les informations relatives à la présence de l’espèce et aux pressions anthropiques rapportées par les enquêtés. Les résultats révèlent que les probabilités de connaissance varient selon les catégories socioprofessionnelles, les classes d’âge et les localités. Elles sont respectivement plus élevées chez les anciens braconniers (100 %), chez les enquêtés âgés de 65 à 80 ans (75 %) et dans les localités de Kongodjan-tanoe (100 %), de Yao Akakro et de Kadjagnazoukro (75 % dans chacune des deux localités). La déforestation et le braconnage demeurent les principales menaces identifiées. In fine, les programmes de sensibilisation doivent ainsi être renforcés afin d’assurer une implication effective et durable des communautés dans la conservation de l’espèce.
The Tanoé-Ehy Marshes Voluntary Nature Reserve (Côte d’Ivoire) is recognized as a community-based forest ecosystem. Indeed, its management relies on the involvement of local communities and today serves as one of the last refuges for the Roloway monkey (Cercopithecus roloway (Schreber, 1774)), a species endemic to West Africa classified as Critically Endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List. However, this species remains highly threatened by human pressures, despite conservation initiatives undertaken by local communities. This study aims to identify traditional knowledge related to the species and human pressures in order to more effectively guide awareness campaigns. A socio-ecological questionnaire survey was conducted among 103 forest users from May 2024 to February 2025. In parallel with the surveys, field surveys on foot were conducted from May 2024 to September 2025 to cross-check information regarding the species’ presence and anthropogenic pressures reported by respondents. The results reveal that knowledge of the species varies according to socioeconomic status, age groups, and localities. Awareness is highest among former poachers (100%), respondents aged 65 to 80 (75%), and in the localities of Kongodjan-tanoe (100%), Yao Akakro, and Kadjagnazoukro (75% in each of these two localities). Deforestation and poaching remain the primary threats identified. Awareness programs must therefore be strengthened to ensure effective and sustainable community involvement in the conservation of the species.
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References
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