Composition Chimique Et Influence De Différents Tweens Sur Le Pouvoir Antimicrobien Des Huiles Essentielles De Ocimum Gratissimum, Ocimum Basilicum, Laurus Nobilis Et Melaleuca Quinquenervia

Abstract

This study aimed firstly to determine the chemical composition, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of essential oils extracted from Ocimum gratissimum, Ocimum basilicum, Laurus nobilis and Melaleuca quinquenervia collected from Benin (West Africa) on five oral microorganisms (Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 24974, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Candida albicans IP 4872), and secondly to assess the influence of different tweens on antimicrobial potential of four oils against previous microorganisms. Using Clevenger apparatus, oil extraction was performed by steam distillation and the chemical compositions was determined by chromatography. The antimicrobial activity of different oils was evaluated according to microdilution method using ELISA microplates. From this study, Tween 60 proved best to others tweens (20, 40 and 80) by ensuring proper dispersion and distribution of oils. With tween 60, O. brasilicum essential oil proved the most effective of the four oils with the lowest MIC (0.078 mg/ml) and CMB (0.078 mg/ml) and is effective on all oral germs tested. Chemical screening of these species revealed the presence of several compounds among which thymol (30.62%), para-cymene (25.25%) and gamma-terpinolene (24.24%) (O. gratissimum); methyl-chavicol (85.92%) (O. basilicum); eugenol (42.50%), myrcene (28.09%) (L. nobilis) and beta-ocimene (29.62%), alphapinene (12.11%) and viridiflorol (11.85%) (M. quinquenervia).