Determinants of Demand for Health Care Among Sexually Transmitted Infections Patients in Kenya
Keywords:
Demand, determinants, binary probit model
Abstract
Globally, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have become an enormous burden leading to high mortality and morbidity. In Kenya, various policies have been formulated to address various conditions including STIs. Individuals suffering from STIs are highly encouraged to seek medical care and avoid transmitting to uninfected individuals. In Kenya, about 14% of men and 25% of women never sought treatment for STIs or advice from any healthcare service provider. Furthermore, 42% and 23% of people with sexually transmitted infections had been symptomatic for a period of one and two weeks respectively. Although numerous studies have been conducted in many countries to establish the determinants of healthcare use among people with sexually transmitted infections, there is still very little information on the determinants of healthcare use among STI patients in Kenya. The aim of this study was to determine factors influencing health care demand for STIs in Kenya. The study analyzed data from the 2014 Kenya Demographic Household Survey (KDHS). Descriptive statistics and binary probit regression analyses were done to explore factors influencing the use of health services among STI patients in Kenya. The findings revealed that the age of the patient, sex, marital status, education levels, wealth quintiles, employment status, residence, and sex partners were statistically significant determinants of the utilization of healthcare services among STI patients in Kenya.
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References
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33. Tsadik, M., Lam, L., & Hadush, Z. (2019). Delayed health care seeking is high among patients presenting with sexually transmitted infections in HIV hotspot areas, Gambella town, Ethiopia. HIV/AIDS (Auckland, NZ), 11, 201.
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35. Wanyoike A. N (2016). Determinants of Demand for Healthcare Services in Private Hospitals in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
36. Wellay, T., Gebreslassie, M., Mesele, M., Gebretinsae, H., Ayele, B., Tewelde, A., & Zewedie, Y. (2018). Demand for health care service and associated factors among patients in the community of Tsegedie District, Northern Ethiopia. BMC health services research, 18(1), 697.
37. Wooldridge, J. M. (2020). Introductory econometrics, A modern approach (7th ed.).
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2. Agambire, R., & Clerk, C. (2013). Healthcare seeking and sexual behavior of clients attending the suntreso STI clinic. J Biol Agric Health, 3(10), 92-100.
3. Andersen, R. M. (1995, March). Revisiting the Behavioral Model and Access to Medical Care: Does it Matter? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(1), 1-10.
4. Babalola, O. (2017). Consumers and their demand for healthcare. Journal of Health & Medical Economics, 3(1), 6-8.
5. Becker, G. S. (1962). Investment in human capital: A theoretical analysis. Journal of political economy, 70(5, Part 2), 9-49.
6. Chesang, K., Hornston, S., Muhenje, O., Saliku, T., Mirjahangir, J., Viitanen, A... & Bock, N. (2017). Healthcare provider perspectives on managing sexually transmitted infections in HIV care settings in Kenya: A qualitative thematic analysis. PLoS medicine, 14(12), e1002480.
7. Crago, A. L. (2020). Chercher La Vie: Births, Deaths, Labour and Militarized Border-Crossing among Sex Workers in an Area of Armed Conflict in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (Doctoral dissertation).
8. Debrah Asiimwe, G. O. (2013). Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Elderly Patients Aged 45-80 Years at Kanungu District. Journal of diabetes research. Retrieved 2021
9. Djomand, G., Gao, H., Singa, B., Hornston, S., Bennett, E., Odek, J & Bock, N. (2016). Genital infections and syndromic diagnosis among HIV-infected women in HIV care programs in Kenya. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 27(1), 19-24.
10. Eaton, L. A., Earnshaw, V. A., Maksut, J. L., Thorson, K. R., Watson, R. J., & Bauermeister, J. A. (2018). Experiences of stigma and health care engagement among Black MSM newly diagnosed with HIV/STI. Journal of behavioral medicine, 41(4), 458-466.
11. Dagnew GW, Asresie MB, Fekadu GA, Gelaw YM (2020) Factors associated with the divorce from the first union among women in Ethiopia: Further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey data. PLoS ONE 15(12): e0244014. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244014.
12. Graffigna, G., Barello, S., Bonanomi, A., & Riva, G. (2017). Factors affecting patients’ online health information-seeking behaviors: The role of the Patient Health Engagement (PHE) Model. Patient education and counseling, 100(10), 1918-1927.
13. Grossman, M. (1972). On the concept of health capital and the demand for health. Journal of Political economy, 80(2), 223-255.
14. Grossman, M. (2000). The human capital model. In Handbook of health economics (Vol. 1, pp. 347-408). Elsevier.
15. Halamka, J. (2011). Healthcare is different. Life as a Healthcare CIO Blog.
16. Iorkosu, T. S., Emmanuel, V. O., Benjamin, G. A., Tsembe, D. D., Aluka, T. M., & Ajai, F. (2020). Utilization of Traditional Medication for the Treatment of Vaginal Infection among Women of Reproductive Age in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State, Nigeria.
17. Kerrigan, D., Donastorg, Y., Barrington, C., Perez, M., Gomez, H., Mbwambo, J., ... & Karver, T. S. (2020). Assessing and Addressing Social Determinants of HIV among Female Sex Workers in the Dominican Republic and Tanzania through Community empowerment-based Responses. Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 1-9.
18. Muriithi, M. K. (2013). The determinants of health-seeking behavior in a Nairobi slum, Kenya. European Scientific Journal, 9(8).
19. Moges B, Yismaw G, Kassu A, Megabiaw B, Alemu S, Amare B, Muluye D. Sexually transmitted infections based on the syndromic approach in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective study. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):143
20. Mwabu, G. (2007, May). Health Economics for Low-Income Countries. Yale University Economic Growth Center Discussion Paper No. 955, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=988379.
21. Mwabu, A. K. (2010). Human Development in Africa. Human Development Research Papers (2009 to present) HDRP-2010-08. Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
22. Nahu, A. (2006). Determinants of demand for health care services and their implication on Health care financing: the case of Bure town. Ethiopian Journal of Economics, 11(683-2016-46848), 89-122.
23. Naing, T, Geater, A, Pungrassami, P. 2012] Migrant workers’ occupation and healthcare-seeking preferences for TB-suspicious symptoms and other health problems: a survey among immigrant workers in Songkhla province, southern Thailand. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2012;12:22. Google Scholar |Crossref] research
24. National AIDS and STI Control Programme (2014). Kenya AIDS indicator survey 2012: final report. Nairobi: NASCOP.
25. Orayo, J. A. (2014). Determinants of Health insurance demand among the migrants in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
26. O'Donnell O (2018). Access to health care in developing countries: breaking down demand-side barriers. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(12):2820- 2834; Prosser Trish. Utilization of Health and Medical Services: Factors influencing health care seeking behavior and unmet needs in rural areas of Kenya. Theses Dr. Masters. 2007. http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ theses/46. Accessed October 3, 2018].
27. Pazol, Z. T.-S. (2015). Impact of Contraceptive Education on Contraceptive Knowledge and Decision Making: A Systematic Review. Pubmed.
28. Pokhrel, S., & Sauerborn, R. (2004). Household decision-making on child health care in developing countries: the case of Nepal. Health Policy and Planning, 19(4), 218-233.
29. Ramchandani, M. S., & Golden, M. R. (2019). Confronting rising STIs in the era of PrEP and treatment as prevention. Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 16(3), 244-256.
30. Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in human capital. The American economic review, 1-17.
31. Shiferaw, Y., Alemu, A., Girma, A., Getahun, A., Kassa, A., Gashaw, A., ... & Gelaw, B. (2011). Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and risk behaviors towards HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections among preparatory students of Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia. BMC research notes, 4(1), 505.
32. Singa, B., Glick, S. N., Bock, N., Walson, J., Chaba, L., Odek, J. & John-Stewart, G. (2013). Sexually transmitted infections among HIV-infected adults in HIV care programs in Kenya: a national sample of HIV clinics. Sexually transmitted diseases, 40(2), 148.
33. Tsadik, M., Lam, L., & Hadush, Z. (2019). Delayed health care seeking is high among patients presenting with sexually transmitted infections in HIV hotspot areas, Gambella town, Ethiopia. HIV/AIDS (Auckland, NZ), 11, 201.
34. Wand, H., Reddy, T., Dassaye, R., Moodley, J., Naidoo, S., & Ramjee, G. (2020). Estimating prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted infections among South African women: Implications of combined impacts of risk factors. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 31(11), 1093-1101.
35. Wanyoike A. N (2016). Determinants of Demand for Healthcare Services in Private Hospitals in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
36. Wellay, T., Gebreslassie, M., Mesele, M., Gebretinsae, H., Ayele, B., Tewelde, A., & Zewedie, Y. (2018). Demand for health care service and associated factors among patients in the community of Tsegedie District, Northern Ethiopia. BMC health services research, 18(1), 697.
37. Wooldridge, J. M. (2020). Introductory econometrics, A modern approach (7th ed.).
38. Workowski, K. A., & Bolan, G. A. (2015). Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR. Recommendations and reports: Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports, 64(RR-03), 1.
39. World Health Organization (2016). Global Health Sector Strategy on Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Geneva: WHO.
40. World Health Organization (2012). Global incidence and prevalence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections-2008.
41. World Health Organization (2021). Sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (who.int).
Published
2022-02-28
How to Cite
Ogola, P., & M. Kioko, U. (2022). Determinants of Demand for Health Care Among Sexually Transmitted Infections Patients in Kenya. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 18(8), 58. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n8p58
Section
ESJ Natural/Life/Medical Sciences
Copyright (c) 2022 Pauline Ogola, Urbanus M. Kioko
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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