Diabete Aftricain en France
Abstract
Introduction :
Les auteurs rapportent le cas d’un diabète africain ou diabète atypique désigne un type spécifique de diabète présentant au départ des stigmates d’un diabète de type 1 mais dont l’évolution ultérieure se fait vers un diabète de type 2 avec la possibilité d’une longue phase de rémission. Il s’agit d’un sujet d’origine africaine, des spécificités diagnostiques, métaboliques, physiopathologiques et prise en charge de ce type de diabète. Patients et méthodes : Il s’agit d’une observation clinique d’un patient d’origine africaine vivant en France ayant un diabète atypique. Cas clinique : Patient âgé de 33 ans, a été hospitalisé pour une acidocétose diabétique. Il a un antécédent familial de diabète de type 2, un surpoids (IMC = 28,73 Kg/m2). Une insulinothérapie a été instaurée. Le bilan étiologique de cette décompensation métabolique et la recherche de d’anticorps anti-GAD et anti-IA2 sont négatifs. Après 3 mois d’insulinothérapie, on obtient un équilibre glycémique satisfaisant marqué par une HbA1c à 7 % et un peptide C remonté à 300 pmol/l (pour une GV à 1,09g/l). Au 6ème mois, le patient présente un parfait équilibre glycémique (HbA1C : 6,4 %), avec un peptide C qui s’est normalisé à 870 pmol/l (pour une GV à 1,29g/l). C’est ce qui a permis de proposer l’arrêt de l’insulinothérapie. Pour des raisons sociales, le patient refuse l’arrêt du traitement. Aucune anomalie n’a été objectivée au fond d’œil, ni à l’électrocardiogramme, ni à l’évaluation de la fonction rénale (Clairance de créatinine normale par MDRD et micro-albuminurie négative). Ce tableau clinique illustre un cas de diabète d’un africain. Il s’agit d’une expression clinique proche du diabète de type 1 (DT1) mais se caractérise par une rémission, plus lente que la lune de miel dans le DT1, avec une absence de stigmates d’auto-immunité. Il est considéré comme diabète atypique ou de type 1 idiopathique. Conclusion : Ce type de diabète évoque plusieurs hypothèses physiopathologiques. L’équilibre glycémique est rapidement obtenu sous insulinothérapie, avec possibilité de réémission
Introduction : The authors report the case of African diabetes or atypical diabetes refers to a specific type of diabetes presenting initially with the stigma of type 1 diabetes but whose subsequent evolution is towards type 2 diabetes with the possibility of a long remission phase. This is a subject of African origin, and the diagnostic, metabolic, pathophysiological, and management specificities of this type of diabetes. Patients and methods: This is a clinical observation of a patient of African origin living in France with atypical diabetes. Clinical case: A 33-year-old patient was hospitalized for diabetic ketoacidosis. He had a family history of type 2 diabetes and was overweight (BMI = 28.73 kg/m2). Insulin therapy was initiated. The aetiological assessment of this metabolic decompensation and the search for anti-GAD and anti-IA2 antibodies were negative. After 3 months of insulin therapy, a satisfactory glycaemic balance was obtained, marked by an HbA1c of 7% and a C-peptide of 300 pmol/l (for a GV of 1.09g/l). At the 6th month, the patient had perfect glycaemic control (HbA1C: 6.4%), with a C-peptide that had normalized to 870 pmol/l (for a GV of 1.29g/l). This was the basis for proposing the discontinuation of insulin therapy. For social reasons, the patient refused to stop the treatment. No abnormalities were observed on the fundus, electrocardiogram, or renal function tests (normal creatinine clearance by MDRD and negative microalbuminuria). This clinical picture illustrates a case of diabetes in an African. It is a clinical expression close to type 1 diabetes (T1DM) but is characterized by remission, slower than the honeymoon period in T1DM, with an absence of autoimmune stigma. It is considered atypical or idiopathic type 1 diabetes. Conclusion: This type of diabetes raises several pathophysiological hypotheses. Glycaemic control is rapidly achieved with insulin therapy, with the possibility of re-emission
Downloads
Metrics
PlumX Statistics
References
2. Balasubramanyam, A., Zern, J. W., Hyman, D. J., & Pavlik, V. (1999). New profiles of diabetic ketoacidosis : Type 1 vs type 2 diabetes and the effect of ethnicity. Archives of Internal Medicine, 159(19), 2317‑22. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.159.19.2317
3. Banerji, M. A., Chaiken, R. L., Huey, H., Tuomi, T., Norin, A. J., Mackay, I. R., Rowley, M. J., Zimmet, P. Z., & Lebovitz, H. E. (1994). GAD antibody negative NIDDM in adult black subjects with diabetic ketoacidosis and increased frequency of human leukocyte antigen DR3 and DR4 : Flatbush diabetes. Diabetes, 43(6), 741‑5. https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.43.6.741
4. Banerji, M. A., Chaiken, R. L., & Lebovitz, H. E. (1996). Long-term normoglycemic remission in black newly diagnosed NIDDM subjects. Diabetes, 45(3), 337‑341. https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.45.3.337p
5. Dodu, S. R. (1967). Diabetes in the tropics. British Medical Journal, 2(5554), 747‑50.
6. Jabbar, A., Farooqui, K., Habib, A., Islam, N., Haque, N., & Akhter, J. (2004). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of diabetic ketoacidosis in Pakistani adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic Medicine, 21(8). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01249.x
7. Ketoacidosis-Onset Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes in Japanese Subjects. (1995). The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 310(5), 198‑201. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-199511000-00004
8. Kwaku Adadevoh, B. (1968). “Temporary diabetes” in adult Nigerians. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 62(4), 528‑30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(68)90138-7
9. Maldonado, M., Hampe, C. S., Gaur, L. K., D’Amico, S., Iyer, D., Hammerle, L. P., Bolgiano, D., Rodriguez, L., Rajan, A., Lernmark, Å., & Balasubramanyam, A. (2003). Ketosis-Prone Diabetes : Dissection of a Heterogeneous Syndrome Using an Immunogenetic and β-Cell Functional Classification, Prospective Analysis, and Clinical Outcomes. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 88(11), 5090‑5098. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-030180
10. Mauvais-Jarvis, F., Sobngwi, E., Porcher, R., Riveline, J.-P., Kevorkian, J.-P., Vaisse, C., Charpentier, G., Guillausseau, P.-J., Vexiau, P., & Gautier, J.-F. (2004). Ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes in patients of sub-Saharan African origin : Clinical pathophysiology and natural history of beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Diabetes, 53(3), 645‑53. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.53.3.645
11. Mbanya, J. C. N., Motala, A. A., Sobngwi, E., Assah, F. K., & Enoru, S. T. (2010). Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet (London, England), 375(9733), 2254‑2266. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60550-8
12. Monnier, L., & Colette, C. (2020). Diabetología. Elsevier Health Sciences.
13. Oli, J. M. (1978). Remittant diabetes mellitus in Nigeria. Tropical and Geographical Medicine, 30(1), 57‑62.
14. PINERO-PILONA, A., LITONJUA, P., AVILES-SANTA, L., & RASKIN, P. (2001). Idiopathic type 1 diabetes in Dallas, Texas : A 5-year experience. Idiopathic type 1 diabetes in Dallas, Texas: A 5-year experience, 24(6), 1014‑8.
15. Pinhas-Hamiel, O., Dolan, L. M., & Zeitler, P. S. (1997). Diabetic ketoacidosis among obese African-American adolescents with NIDDM. Diabetes Care, 20(4), 484‑486. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.20.4.484
16. Pitteloud, N., & Philippe, J. (2000). Characteristics of Caucasian type 2 diabetic patients during ketoacidosis and at follow-up. Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift, 130(16), 576‑82.
17. Ramos-Román, M. A., Piñero-Piloña, A., Adams-Huet, B., & Raskin, P. (2006). Comparison of type 1, type 2, and atypical ketosis-prone diabetes at 4 years of diabetes duration. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, 20(3), 137‑44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2006.01.005
18. Sjöholm, Å. (2019). Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetes : A Case Series. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2019.00684
19. Sobngwi, E., Mauvais-Jarvis, F., Vexiau, P., Mbanya, J. C., & Gautier, J. F. (2001). Diabetes in Africans. Part 1 : Epidemiology and clinical specificities. Diabetes & Metabolism, 27(6), 628‑34.
20. Sobngwi, E., Mauvais-Jarvis, F., Vexiau, P., Mbanya, J. C., & Gautier, J. F. (2002). Diabetes in Africans. Part 2 : Ketosis-prone atypical diabetes mellitus. Diabetes & Metabolism, 28(1), 5‑12.
21. Tan, K. C., Mackay, I. R., Zimmet, P. Z., Hawkins, B. R., & Lam, K. S. (2000). Metabolic and immunologic features of Chinese patients with atypical diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 23(3), 335‑8. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.23.3.335
22. Umpierrez, G. E., Casals, M. M. C., Gebhart, S. S. P., Mixon, P. S., Clark, W. S., & Phillips, L. S. (1995). Diabetic ketoacidosis in obese African-Americans. Diabetes, 44(7), 790‑6.
23. Umpierrez, G. E., Woo, W., Hagopian, W. A., Isaacs, S. D., Palmer, J. P., Gaur, L. K., Nepom, G. T., Clark, W. S., Mixon, P. S., & Kitabchi, A. E. (1999). Immunogenetic analysis suggests different pathogenesis for obese and lean African-Americans with diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes Care, 22(9), 1517‑1523. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.22.9.1517
24. Westphal, S. A. (1996). The occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis in non-insulin-dependent diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetic adults. The American Journal of Medicine, 101(1), 19‑24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(96)00076-9
25. Wilson, C., Krakoff, J., & Gohdes, D. (1997). Ketoacidosis in Apache Indians with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Archives of Internal Medicine, 157(18), 2098‑2100. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1997.00440390094012
26. Winter, W. E., Maclaren, N. K., Riley, W. J., Clarke, D. W., Kappy, M. S., & Spillar, R. P. (1987). Maturity-onset diabetes of youth in black Americans. The New England Journal of Medicine, 316(6), 285‑91. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198702053160601
27. Yamada, K., & Nonaka, K. (1996). Diabetic ketoacidosis in young obese Japanese men. Diabetes Care, 19(6), 671. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.19.6.671a
Copyright (c) 2023 Massi A.W., Philippon M., Sejil S., Delenne B., Abodo J.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.