The Impact of Providing Chatbot Content on Developing the English Communication Skills Among Al-Azhar Kindergarten Teachers
Keywords:
Chatbot application, training kindergarten teachers, English communication skills, teaching English as ESL teachers, Al-Azhar Al-Sharif teachers
Abstract
This paper focuses on investigating the impact of using Chatbot content on improving the English communication skills of Al-Azhar Al-Sharif kindergarten teachers. The researcher used a quasi-experimental design to explain the differences that occurred in the teachers` performance before and after the intervention of the Chatbot content. This design required the researcher to develop a performance observation checklist, which is the main tool of this research. In addition, the researcher constructed the Chatbot content and the e-training programme. After the research design was completed, thirty-three (33) female Azhari kindergarten teachers participated in this experiment. The performance observation checklist was used for evaluating the teachers` performance before and after the intervention of the Chatbot content and for measuring the teachers` retention of the acquired skills. At the end of the research, a statistical analysis of the results was applied. The results showed a statistically significant difference at the level of 0.05 on the performance observation checklist`s mean scores of the sample teachers' pre-and post-application of the Chatbot content in favour of the postapplication. The second statistical analysis of the performance observation checklist showed that there is no significant difference between the sample teachers` mean scores in the post- and follow-up application of the Chatbot content. These results are proof that validate the research`s main assumption that Chatbot content can improve the English communication skills of kindergarten teachers.
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References
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32. Loss, J. (2000). The communications contract. The Internal Auditor, 57(6), 88.
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34. McCarthy, M. R. & Carter, R. (2001). Ten Criteria for a Spoken Grammar in E. Hinkel and S. Fotos (eds). New Perspectives on Grammar Teaching in Second Language Classrooms. Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
35. Mikic-Fonte, F. A., Llamas-Nistal, M., & Caeiro-Rodrıguez, M. (2018). Using a chatterbot as a faq assistant in a course about computers architecture. In 2018 IEEE frontiers in education conference (FIE), pages 1–4. IEEE.
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39. Ndukwe, I. G., Daniel, B. K., & Amadi, C. E. (2019). A machine learning grading system using chatbots. International conference on artificial intelligence in education. Springer.
40. Neff, G. & Nagy, P. (2016). Talking to bots: Symbiotic agency and the case of Tay. International Journal of Communication, 10, 4915–4931.
41. Nguyen, H. D., Pham, V. T., Tran, D. A., & Le, T. T. (2019). Intelligent tutoring chatbot for solving mathematical problems in high school. In 2019 11th international conference on knowledge and systems engineering (KSE), pages 1–6. IEEE.
42. Norris, J. A (2003). Looking at classroom management through social and emotional learning lens: Theory into practice. Columbus, 42(4), 313-318.
43. Okonkwo, C. W. & Ade-Ibijola, A. (2020). Python-bot: A chatbot for teaching python programmeming. Engineering Letters, 29(1).
44. Okonkwo, C. W., Huisman, M., & Taylor, E. (2019). The adoption of m- commerce applications: Rural dwellers perspectives. 12th, IADIS, International conference. Information systems.
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47. Pelly, C., Tan, M. Y., & Zhang, D. (2009). Communication skills for teachers. Singapore:McGraw Hill
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49. Pham, X. L., Pham, T., Nguyen, Q. M., Nguyen, T. H., & Cao, T. T. H. (2018). In Chatbot as an intelligent personal assistant for mobile language learning in Proceedings of the 2018 2nd International Conference on Education and E-Learning, pages 16–21.
50. Ranoliya, B. R., Raghuwanshi, N., & Singh, S. (2017). Chatbot for university-related faqs. In 2017 international conference on advances in computing, communications, and informatics (ICACCI), pages 1525–1530. IEEE.
51. Rooein, D. (2019). Data-driven edu chatbots. In companion proceedings of the 2019 worldwide web conference, pages 46–49.
52. Rouse, M. (2018). What is a chatbot?; http://searchcrm.techtarget.com/definition/chatbot, 05 Jan.http://searchcrm.techtarget.com/definition/chatbot
53. Serban, I. V., Sankar, C., Germain, M., Zhang, S., Lin, Z., Subramanian, S., Kim, T., Pieper, M., Chandar, S., & Ke, N. R. (2017). A deep reinforcement learning chatbot. ArXiv preprint arXiv:1709.02349.
54. Spratt Mary, Pulverness Alan, & Williams Melanie (2011).The TKT Course Modules 1, 2 and 3. Cambridge University Press. 0521125650
55. Sreelakshmi, A., Abhinaya, S., Nair, A., & Nirmala, S. J. (2019). A question answering and quiz generation chatbot for education. In 2019 grace hopper Celebration India (GHCI), pages 1–6.
56. Srivastava & Monika (2011). Effective communication skills: need & importance for teacher and College of Education, Unit of Sharda Group of Institutions (SGI), AgraMember, Play India Play
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59. UNESCO (2019). Early childhood care and education . https://en.unesco.org/themes/early-childhood-care-and-education
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65. Wu, E. H. K., Lin, C. H., Ou, Y. Y., Liu, C. Z., Wang, W. K., & Chao, C. Y. (2020). Advantages and constraints of a hybrid model k-12 elearning assistant chatbot. IEEE Access, 8, 77788–77801.
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2. Akcora, D. E., Belli, A., Berardi, M., Casola, S., Di Blas, N., Falletta, S., Faraotti, A., Lodi, L., Diaz, D. N., & Paolini, P. et al. (2018). Conversational support for education. International conference on artificial intelligence in education. Springer.
3. Al-Ajlan Ajlan & Zedan Hussein (2008). Why Moodle? 12th IEEE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems Conference. Pages 58-64
4. Alias, S., Sainin, M. S., Fun, T. S., & Daut, N. (2019). Identification of conversational intent pattern using a pattern-growth technique for the academic chatbot. International conference on multi-disciplinary trends in artificial intelligence. Springer. Applications in Healthcare. Ecoforum Journal, 5(1), 1-8
5. Bansal, H. & Khan, R. (2018). A review paper on human-computer interaction. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 8(53), http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v8i4.630.
6. Barcelona: eLearn Center. Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. https://doi.org/10.7238/elc.chatbots.2018
7. Bii, P. K ., Too, J. K., & Mukwa, C. W. (2018). Teacher Attitude towards Use of Chatbots in Routine Teaching. Universal Journal of Educational Research.6 . 1586 - 1597. doi:10.13189/ujer.2018.060719.
8. Cameron, G., Cameron, D., Megaw, G., Bond, R., Mulvenna, M., O’Neil, S., & McTear, M. (2017). Towards a chatbot for digital counselling. Proceedings of the 31st British Computer Society Human Computer
9. Chen, C.Y. (2020). Smartphone addiction: psychological and social factors predict the use and abuse of a social mobile application. Inf Commun Soc 23(3):454–467.Retrieved from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1369118X.2018.15184 69?journalCode=rics20 on 15/10/2020.
10. Ciupe, A., Mititica, D. F., Meza, S., & Orza, B. (2019). Learning agile with intelligent conversational agents. In 2019 IEEE global engineering education conference (EDUCON), pages 1100–1107. IEEE.
11. Clarizia, F., Colace, F., Lombardi, M., Pascale, F., & Santaniello, D. (2018). Chatbot: An education support system for student. International symposium on cyberspace safety and security. Springer. com/ar/. Accessed 23rd January 2023.
12. Cortana (2018). Security flaw means your pc may be compromised. Panda Security Media center website: https://www.pandasecurity.com/mediacenter/mobile-news/ Cortanasecurity-flaw/. (Retrieved 27 August 2020).
13. Cunningham-Nelson, W., Boles, L., Trouton, E., & Margerison (2019). A review of chatbots in education: Practical steps forward,30th annual conference for the Australasian association for engineering education (AAEE 2019): Educators becoming agents of change: Innovate, Integrate, Engineers Australia, Motivate https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666920X210002 78#bbib18S
14. Markovic, B. D. J. (2016). Possibilities, Limitations and Economic Aspects of Artificial Intelligence
15. Discover (2018). Kindergartenn1, Discover teacher`s guide 1st term.Ministry of Education. Egypt
16. Durall, E. & Kapros, E. (2020). Co-design for a competency selfassessment chatbot and survey in science education. International conference on human-computer interaction. Springer.
17. Ehindero, O.J. & Ajibade, Y.A. (2000). What our student say about how we teach. Ife J. Educ. Studies. 7(1), 1-9.
18. El-Kabsh & Zainab Abdel Rashid Muhammad (2005). The effectiveness of an English training programme in developing some of the linguistic and teaching skills of kindergarten teachers. Ph.D. AinShams University
19. Elnagar Mohamed & Habib Amr (2020). An artificial intelligent programme based on Chatbot and learning style in e-training environment and its impact on developing E-learing Management System usage skills among preparatory stage. Egyptian Society for Education Technology Journal, volume 31, version 2, Feb.2021, pp91- 201https://tesr.journals.ekb.eg/article_149030.html
20. Reimers, F. M., Alysha Banerji, Uche Amaechi, & Margaret Wang (2022) (eds.). Education to Build Back Better. Springer imprint. Pp. 51-74.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93951-9_1 Accessed 23rd January 2023.
21. Fischer, G. (1999). “User Modeling: The Long and Winding Road.” In J. Kay (Ed.) Proceedings of UM99: User Modelling Conference (Banff, Canada), Springer Verlag, Wien New York, pp. 349-355.
22. Galal & Rabab Adel (2021). Developing the English language teaching skills of kindergarten teachers during the pandemic crisis of Corona virus. Future Social Sciences Journal, Issue 5, April 2021, Page 93-112 https://journals.ekb.eg/article_160451.html
23. Garcia-Brustenga, G., Fuertes-Alpiste, M., & Molas-Castells, N. (2018). Briefing paper: Chatbots in education.
24. Graesser, A. C. (2016). Conversations with the autotutor help students learn. Ternational Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(1), 124–132
25. Haristiani &Nuria (2019). Artificial Intelligence (AI) Chatbot as Language Learning Medium: An inquiry. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1387 012020
26. Hien, H. T., Cuong, P. N., Nam, L. N. H., Nhung, H. L. T. K., & Thang, L. D. (2018). Intelligent assistants in higher-education environments: The fit-ebot, a chatbot for administrative and learning support. Proceedings of the ninth international symposium on information and communication technology.
27. Ho, C. C., Lee, H. L., Lo, W. K., & Lui, K. F. A. (2018). Developing a chatbot for college student programmeme advisement. In 2018 international symposium on educational technology (ISET), pages 52–56. IEEE. Interaction Conference (pp. 1-7). https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2017.24
28. Kadry & Halima (2018). Difficulties of learning the English language from the point of view of teachers and parents, Journal of the Generation of Scientific Research Center. Page 39. University of Oran, Algeria https://jilrc.com/archives/9805
29. Khanna, A., Pandey, B., Vashishta, K., Kalia, K., Bhale, P., & Das, T. (2015). A study of today’s A.I. through chatbots and rediscovery of machine intelligence. International Journal of U- and e-Service, Science and Technology, 8, 277–284. HTTP: //dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2015.8.7.28.
30. Kumar, M. N., Chandar, P. L., Prasad, A. V., & Sumangali, K. (2016). Android based educational chatbot for visually impaired people. In 2016 IEEE international conference on computational intelligence and computing Re- search (ICCIC), pages 1–4. IEEE.
31. Lam, C., Chan, L., & See, C. (2018). Converse, connect and consolidate– the development of an artificial intelligence chatbot for health sciences education. Frontiers in medical and health sciences education conference. Hong Kong.
32. Loss, J. (2000). The communications contract. The Internal Auditor, 57(6), 88.
33. Low, E., Chong, S., & Ellis, M. (2014). Teachers’ English communication skills: Using IELTS to measure competence of graduates from a Singaporean teacher education programme. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 39(10).
34. McCarthy, M. R. & Carter, R. (2001). Ten Criteria for a Spoken Grammar in E. Hinkel and S. Fotos (eds). New Perspectives on Grammar Teaching in Second Language Classrooms. Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
35. Mikic-Fonte, F. A., Llamas-Nistal, M., & Caeiro-Rodrıguez, M. (2018). Using a chatterbot as a faq assistant in a course about computers architecture. In 2018 IEEE frontiers in education conference (FIE), pages 1–4. IEEE.
36. Molnar, G. & Szuts, Z. (2018). The role of chatbots in formal education. In 2018 IEEE 16th international symposium on intelligent systems and informatics (SISY), pages 000197–000202. IEEE.
37. Mor, E., Santanach, F., Tesconi, S., & Casado, C. (2018). Codelab: Designing a conversation-based educational tool for learning to code. International conference on human-computer interaction. Springer.
38. Murad, D. F., Irsan, M., Akhirianto, P. M., Fernando, E., Murad, S. A., & Wijaya, M. H. (2019). Learning support system using a chatbot in the” kejar c package” homeschooling programme. In 2019 international conference on in-formation and communications technology (ICOIACT), pages 32–37. IEEE
39. Ndukwe, I. G., Daniel, B. K., & Amadi, C. E. (2019). A machine learning grading system using chatbots. International conference on artificial intelligence in education. Springer.
40. Neff, G. & Nagy, P. (2016). Talking to bots: Symbiotic agency and the case of Tay. International Journal of Communication, 10, 4915–4931.
41. Nguyen, H. D., Pham, V. T., Tran, D. A., & Le, T. T. (2019). Intelligent tutoring chatbot for solving mathematical problems in high school. In 2019 11th international conference on knowledge and systems engineering (KSE), pages 1–6. IEEE.
42. Norris, J. A (2003). Looking at classroom management through social and emotional learning lens: Theory into practice. Columbus, 42(4), 313-318.
43. Okonkwo, C. W. & Ade-Ibijola, A. (2020). Python-bot: A chatbot for teaching python programmeming. Engineering Letters, 29(1).
44. Okonkwo, C. W., Huisman, M., & Taylor, E. (2019). The adoption of m- commerce applications: Rural dwellers perspectives. 12th, IADIS, International conference. Information systems.
45. Ondas, M. & Pleva Hladek, D. (2019). How chatbots can be involved in the education process In 2019 17th international conference on emerging eLearning technologies and applications (ICETA), pages 575–580. IEEE https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666920X210002 78#bbib53S
46. Parupalli & Rao (2019). THE IMPORTANCE OF SPEAKING SKILLS IN ENGLISH CLASSROOMS. 2. 6-18.
47. Pelly, C., Tan, M. Y., & Zhang, D. (2009). Communication skills for teachers. Singapore:McGraw Hill
48. Personal digital assistant—Cortana home assistant—Microsoft. (2019). Microsoft Cortana, your intelligent assistant website: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/cortana. (Retrieved 30 August 2019).
49. Pham, X. L., Pham, T., Nguyen, Q. M., Nguyen, T. H., & Cao, T. T. H. (2018). In Chatbot as an intelligent personal assistant for mobile language learning in Proceedings of the 2018 2nd International Conference on Education and E-Learning, pages 16–21.
50. Ranoliya, B. R., Raghuwanshi, N., & Singh, S. (2017). Chatbot for university-related faqs. In 2017 international conference on advances in computing, communications, and informatics (ICACCI), pages 1525–1530. IEEE.
51. Rooein, D. (2019). Data-driven edu chatbots. In companion proceedings of the 2019 worldwide web conference, pages 46–49.
52. Rouse, M. (2018). What is a chatbot?; http://searchcrm.techtarget.com/definition/chatbot, 05 Jan.http://searchcrm.techtarget.com/definition/chatbot
53. Serban, I. V., Sankar, C., Germain, M., Zhang, S., Lin, Z., Subramanian, S., Kim, T., Pieper, M., Chandar, S., & Ke, N. R. (2017). A deep reinforcement learning chatbot. ArXiv preprint arXiv:1709.02349.
54. Spratt Mary, Pulverness Alan, & Williams Melanie (2011).The TKT Course Modules 1, 2 and 3. Cambridge University Press. 0521125650
55. Sreelakshmi, A., Abhinaya, S., Nair, A., & Nirmala, S. J. (2019). A question answering and quiz generation chatbot for education. In 2019 grace hopper Celebration India (GHCI), pages 1–6.
56. Srivastava & Monika (2011). Effective communication skills: need & importance for teacher and College of Education, Unit of Sharda Group of Institutions (SGI), AgraMember, Play India Play
57. Teachers First (2020). Teachers first: An initiative of the MOETE. https://teachersfirstegypt.
58. Troussas, C., Krouska, A., & Virvou, M. (2017). Integrating an adjusted conversational agent into a mobile-assisted language learning application. In 2017 IEEE 29th international conference on tools with artificial intelligence (ICTAI), pages 1153–1157. IEEE.
59. UNESCO (2019). Early childhood care and education . https://en.unesco.org/themes/early-childhood-care-and-education
60. Ureta, J. & Rivera, J. P. (2018). Using chatbots to teach stem related research concepts to high school students. 61. What exactly is Alexa? Where does she come from? And how does she work? (2019). Digital Trends website: https://www.digitaltrends.com/home/what-is-amazonsalexa-andwhat-can-it-do/. (Retrieved 30 August 2021).
62. Winkler, R. & Söllner, M. (2018). Unleashing the potential of chatbots in education: A state-of-the-art analysis. In Academy of Management Annual Meeting (AOM). https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/254848/1/JML_699.pdf
63. Wizu (2018). A visual history of chatbots. Medium website: https://chatbotsmagazine. Com/a-visual-history-of-chatbots8bf3b31dbfb2. (Retrieved 24 February 2020).
64. Wong, H. & Wong, R. (2009). The first days of school: How to become an effective classroom manager. Mountain View, CA: Harry K. Wong Publications.
65. Wu, E. H. K., Lin, C. H., Ou, Y. Y., Liu, C. Z., Wang, W. K., & Chao, C. Y. (2020). Advantages and constraints of a hybrid model k-12 elearning assistant chatbot. IEEE Access, 8, 77788–77801.
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Published
2023-11-30
How to Cite
Ahmed Tawfik, G. M., Elnagar, M. E., & Alazab, G. S. (2023). The Impact of Providing Chatbot Content on Developing the English Communication Skills Among Al-Azhar Kindergarten Teachers. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 19(32), 108. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n32p108
Section
ESJ Humanities
Copyright (c) 2023 Ghada Mohamed Ahmed Tawfik, Mohamed Elsayed Elnagar, Gehan Sedky Alazab
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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