Etude de la co-circulation des virus Grippaux et SARSCoV-2 dans les sites sentinelles d’Infection Respiratoire Aigüe Sévère de la Grippe en République de Guinée
Abstract
Cette étude transversale, menée du 23 juillet 2023 au 23 juillet 2024, a évalué la co-circulation des virus grippaux et du SARS-CoV-2 dans les sites sentinelles d'Infections Respiratoires Aigües Sévères (IRAS) en Guinée. Sur 639 patients inclus, 8,29 % (53 patients) étaient positifs aux virus recherchés, avec une dominance des virus grippaux (66,03 %) par rapport au SARS-CoV-2 (33,96 %). Parmi les virus grippaux, les sous-types H3N2 (77,77 % des cas de grippe A) et B Victoria (100 % des cas de grippe B) étaient les plus fréquents. La tranche d'âge des 0-2 ans était la plus touchée (54,30 % des cas), suivie des 15-50 ans (18,78 %). Aucune différence significative n'a été observée entre les sexes ou les issues d'hospitalisation. Les résultats ont révélé des périodes distinctes de circulation virale : le SARS-CoV-2 était présent presque toute l'année avec un pic en décembre 2023, tandis que les virus grippaux circulaient principalement durant les saisons pluvieuses. Des co-circulations simultanées des virus grippaux et du SARS-CoV-2 ont été documentées, notamment en juillet, septembre et décembre 2023. Le site de Maférinyah a enregistré le taux de positivité le plus élevé (15,57 %), contre 5,56 % à Ignace Deen. Cette étude confirme la persistance du SARS-CoV-2 et sa co-circulation avec les virus grippaux en Guinée, soulignant l'importance d'une surveillance intégrée pour anticiper les risques épidémiques et guider les politiques de santé publique. Les enfants de moins de 2 ans restent particulièrement vulnérables, justifiant des mesures préventives ciblées.
This cross-sectional study, conducted from 23 July 2023 to 23 July 2024, assessed the co-circulation of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 in sentinel sites of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) in Guinea. Of the 639 patients included, 8.29% (53 patients) were positive for the viruses, with a predominance of influenza viruses (66.03%) compared with SARS-CoV-2 (33.96%). Among the influenza viruses, subtypes H3N2 (77.77% of cases of influenza A) and B3N2 (77.77% of cases of influenza B) predominated. influenza A cases) and B Victoria (100% of influenza B cases) were the most common most frequent. The 0-2 age group was most affected (54.30% of cases), followed by the cases), followed by the 15-50 age group (18.78%). No significant differences were between the sexes or hospitalization outcomes. The results revealed distinct periods of viral circulation: SARS-CoV-2 was present almost all year round, with a peak in December 2023, while influenza viruses circulated mainly during the rainy seasons. Simultaneous co-circulations of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 were documented, notably in July, September and December 2023. The Maférinyah site recorded the highest positive rate (15.57%), compared with 5.56% at Ignace Deen. This study confirms the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 and its co-circulation with influenza viruses in Guinea, underlining the importance of integrated surveillance to anticipate epidemic risks and guide public health policies. Children under the age of 2 remain particularly vulnerable, justifying targeted preventive measures.
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