Resilience Strategies in Moroccan Artisanal Supply Chain Networks
Keywords:
Gioia Methodology, Moroccan Artisanal Networks, Supply Chain Networks, Supply Chain Resilience
Abstract
This study examines the resilience strategies employed by Moroccan artisans within cooperative and traditional business supply chain networks, analyzing how these networks navigate disruptions while ensuring livelihoods and preserving cultural heritage. Adopting an inductive approach, the research utilizes the Gioia methodology to analyze qualitative data from semi-structured interviews, applying a structured coding process through Qualcoder to identify key resilience mechanisms, progressing from first-order codes to second-order themes and aggregate dimensions. The findings reveal that while both cooperative and traditional business supply chain networks share similarities in resilience mechanisms, their network structures fundamentally shape how these mechanisms operate, particularly through differences in governance, decision-making, and resource coordination. However, in both types of networks, resilience emerges as an ongoing, adaptive process shaped by crises, internal tensions, and strategic responses. Despite the study’s contributions, its small sample size and cross-sectional design limit generalizability and the ability to capture long-term resilience dynamics. Nevertheless, the findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and organizations supporting artisans to design targeted resilience-enhancing interventions. By shifting the focus from corporate supply chains to small-scale, informal artisanal networks, this study contributes to the literature on supply chain resilience, highlighting the unique adaptive capacities embedded in traditional craftsmanship.
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References
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33. Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Governing the Commons. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807763
34. Pettit, T. J., Fiksel, J., & Croxton, K. L. (2010). ENSURING SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE: DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK. Journal of Business Logistics, 31(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2158-1592.2010.tb00125.x
35. Ponomarov, S. Y., & Holcomb, M. C. (2009). Understanding the concept of supply chain resilience. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 20(1), 124–143. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090910954873
36. Provan, K. G., & Kenis, P. (2008). Modes of Network Governance: Structure, Management, and Effectiveness. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(2), 229–252. https://doi.org/10.1093/JOPART/MUM015
37. Reagans, R., & McEvily, B. (2003). Network Structure and Knowledge Transfer: The Effects of Cohesion and Range. Https://Doi.Org/10.2307/3556658, 48(2). https://doi.org/10.2307/3556658
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40. Saad, A. M., & Youness, F. (2024). Innovating the Moroccan Social and Solidarity Economy: Sustainable Solutions for the Craft Sector. Sustainability 2024, Vol. 16, Page 7510, 16(17), 7510. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU16177510
41. Scholten, K. ;, & Schilder, S. (2015). The role of Collaboration in Supply Chain Resilience. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 20(4), 471–484. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-11-2014-0386
42. Shafer, A. (2019). No man is an island: globalisation and resilience in the Fez zillīj tradition. The Journal of North African Studies, 24(5), 758–785. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2018.1483877
43. Shani, O. (2020). ORGANIZATIONAL RESILIENCE: ANTECEDENTS, CONSEQUENCES, AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS – FOR MANAGERS AND CHANGE LEADERS. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 28, 127–158. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0897-301620200000028005/FULL/XML
44. Suddaby, R. (2006). From the Editors: What Grounded Theory is Not. Https://Doi.Org/10.5465/Amj.2006.22083020, 49(4), 633–642. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2006.22083020
45. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997a). Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533.
46. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997b). DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT. Strategic Management Journal, 18, 509–533. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7
47. Umar, M., & Wilson, M. (2021). Supply Chain Resilience: Unleashing the Power of Collaboration in Disaster Management. Sustainability 2021, Vol. 13, Page 10573, 13(19), 10573. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU131910573
48. Uzzi, B. (1997). Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The paradox of embeddedness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1), 35–67. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393808
49. Vogus, T. J., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2007). Organizational resilience: Towards a theory and research agenda. Conference Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 3418–3422. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.2007.4414160
50. Walker, B., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S. R., & Kinzig, A. (2004). Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-00650-090205
51. Wieland, A., & Wallenburg, C. M. (2013). The influence of relational competencies on supply chain resilience: A relational view. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 43(4), 300–320. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-08-2012-0243
52. Williamson, O. E. (1985). The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1496720
53. Zahra, S. A., & George, G. (2002). Absorptive Capacity: A Review, Reconceptualization, and Extension. The Academy of Management Review, 27(2), 185. https://doi.org/10.2307/4134351
54. Zhang, S., Sun, Q., Dai, L., & Wang, X. (2023). Turn calamities into blessings: the impact of resource reconfiguration and firm resilience on the company’s recovery and growth in the COVID-19 times. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 36(2), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-04-2022-0115/FULL/XML
2. Bhamra, R., Dani, S., & Burnard, K. (2011). Resilience: The concept, a literature review and future directions. In International Journal of Production Research (Vol. 49, Issue 18, pp. 5375–5393). https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.563826
3. Birchall, J. (2011). People-Centred Businesses: Co-operatives, Mutuals and the Idea of Membership.
4. Brailas, A., Tragou, E., & Papachristopoulos, K. (2023). Introduction to Qualitative Data Analysis and Coding with QualCoder. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 7(3), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.29333/AJQR/13230
5. Burt, R. S. (2000). The network structure of social capital. Research in Organizational Behavior, 22, 345–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-3085(00)22009-1
6. Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory (Sage Publications, Ed.). https://afshinsafaee.ir/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Introducing-qualitative-methods-Charmaz-Kathy-Constructing-grounded-theory-2014-SAGE-Publications-libgen.li_.pdf
7. Christopher, M., & Peck, H. (2004). Building the resilient supply chain.
8. Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393553
9. Duchek, S. (2020). Organizational resilience: a capability-based conceptualization. Business Research, 13(1), 215–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40685-019-0085-7/FIGURES/1
10. Dufour, I. F., & Richard, M. C. (2019). Theorizing from secondary qualitative data: A comparison of two data analysis methods. Cogent Education, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2019.1690265
11. Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (1998). The Relational View: Cooperative Strategy and Sources of Interorganizational Competitive Advantage. The Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 660. https://doi.org/10.2307/259056
12. Eisenhardt, K. M., & Martin, J. A. (2000). DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES: WHAT ARE THEY? Strategic Management Journal Strat. Mgmt. J, 21, 1105–1121. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200010/11)21:10/11
13. Felin, T., & Foss, N. J. (2005). Strategic organization: A field in search of micro-foundations. Strategic Organization, 3(4), 441–455. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127005055796
14. Ghobadi, S., & D’Ambra, J. (2012). Knowledge sharing in cross-functional teams: A coopetitive model. Journal of Knowledge Management, 16(2), 285–301. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271211218889
15. Gioia, D. (2021). A Systematic Methodology for Doing Qualitative Research. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 57(1), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886320982715
16. Gioia., Corley., & Hamilton. (2013). Seeking Qualitative Rigor in Inductive Research: Notes on the Gioia Methodology. Organizational Research Methods, 16(1), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428112452151
17. Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology. http://about.jstor.org/terms
18. Hamel, G. (1991). Competition for competence and interpartner learning within international strategic alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 12(S1), 83–103. https://doi.org/10.1002/SMJ.4250120908
19. J Nair, A., Manohar, S., & Mittal, A. (2024). Reconfiguration and transformation for resilience: building service organizations towards sustainability. Journal of Services Marketing, 38(4), 404–425. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-04-2023-0144/FULL/XML
20. Jones, C., Hesterly, W. S., & Borgatti, S. P. (1997). A General Theory of Network Governance: Exchange Conditions and Social Mechanisms. The Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 911. https://doi.org/10.2307/259249
21. Jüttner, U., & Maklan, S. (2011). Supply chain resilience in the global financial crisis: An empirical study. Supply Chain Management, 16(4), 246–259. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598541111139062
22. Kendall, J. (1999). Axial Coding and the Grounded Theory Controversy. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1177/019394599902100603, 21(6), 743–757. https://doi.org/10.1177/019394599902100603
23. Lane, P. J., Koka, B. R., & Pathak, S. (2006). The reification of absorptive capacity: A critical review and rejuvenation of the construct. Academy of Management Review, 31(4), 833–863. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2006.22527456
24. Lavie, D. (2006). The Competitive Advantage of Interconnected Firms: An Extension of the Resource-Based View. Https://Doi.Org/10.5465/Amr.2006.21318922, 31(3), 638–658. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2006.21318922
25. Lengnick-Hall, C. A., & Beck, T. E. (2009). Resilience Capacity and Strategic Agility: Prerequisites for Thriving in a Dynamic Environment. Working Papers. https://ideas.repec.org/p/tsa/wpaper/00104mgt.html
26. Levinthal, D. A., & March, J. G. (1993). The myopia of learning. Strategic Management Journal, 14(2 S), 95–112. https://doi.org/10.1002/SMJ.4250141009
27. Mark S. Granovetter. (1973, May). The Strength of Weak Ties . https://www.jstor.org/stable/2776392
28. Ming, L. Y., Omain, S. Z. B., & Kowang, T. O. (2021). Supply Chain Resilience: A Review and Research Direction. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(12). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/V11-I12/11985
29. Mintzberg, H. (1979). The structuring of organizations. Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall. - References - Scientific Research Publishing. (n.d.). Retrieved February 26, 2025, from https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1051898
30. Möller, K., & Rajala, A. (2007). Rise of strategic nets - New modes of value creation. Industrial Marketing Management, 36(7 SPEC. ISS.), 895–908. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INDMARMAN.2007.05.016
31. Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (2009a). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Knowledge and Social Capital, 119–158. https://doi.org/10.2307/259373
32. Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (2009b). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Knowledge and Social Capital, 119–158. https://doi.org/10.2307/259373
33. Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Governing the Commons. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807763
34. Pettit, T. J., Fiksel, J., & Croxton, K. L. (2010). ENSURING SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE: DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK. Journal of Business Logistics, 31(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2158-1592.2010.tb00125.x
35. Ponomarov, S. Y., & Holcomb, M. C. (2009). Understanding the concept of supply chain resilience. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 20(1), 124–143. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090910954873
36. Provan, K. G., & Kenis, P. (2008). Modes of Network Governance: Structure, Management, and Effectiveness. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(2), 229–252. https://doi.org/10.1093/JOPART/MUM015
37. Reagans, R., & McEvily, B. (2003). Network Structure and Knowledge Transfer: The Effects of Cohesion and Range. Https://Doi.Org/10.2307/3556658, 48(2). https://doi.org/10.2307/3556658
38. Rice, J. B. (n.d.). A Supply Chain View of the Resilient Enterprise. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255599289
39. Rondi, E., Magrelli, V., Debellis, F., & De Massis, A. (2024). The evolution of craft work in the strategic development of a family enterprise. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 18(4), 811–840. https://doi.org/10.1002/SEJ.1503
40. Saad, A. M., & Youness, F. (2024). Innovating the Moroccan Social and Solidarity Economy: Sustainable Solutions for the Craft Sector. Sustainability 2024, Vol. 16, Page 7510, 16(17), 7510. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU16177510
41. Scholten, K. ;, & Schilder, S. (2015). The role of Collaboration in Supply Chain Resilience. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 20(4), 471–484. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-11-2014-0386
42. Shafer, A. (2019). No man is an island: globalisation and resilience in the Fez zillīj tradition. The Journal of North African Studies, 24(5), 758–785. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2018.1483877
43. Shani, O. (2020). ORGANIZATIONAL RESILIENCE: ANTECEDENTS, CONSEQUENCES, AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS – FOR MANAGERS AND CHANGE LEADERS. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 28, 127–158. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0897-301620200000028005/FULL/XML
44. Suddaby, R. (2006). From the Editors: What Grounded Theory is Not. Https://Doi.Org/10.5465/Amj.2006.22083020, 49(4), 633–642. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2006.22083020
45. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997a). Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533.
46. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997b). DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT. Strategic Management Journal, 18, 509–533. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7
47. Umar, M., & Wilson, M. (2021). Supply Chain Resilience: Unleashing the Power of Collaboration in Disaster Management. Sustainability 2021, Vol. 13, Page 10573, 13(19), 10573. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU131910573
48. Uzzi, B. (1997). Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The paradox of embeddedness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1), 35–67. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393808
49. Vogus, T. J., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2007). Organizational resilience: Towards a theory and research agenda. Conference Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 3418–3422. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.2007.4414160
50. Walker, B., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S. R., & Kinzig, A. (2004). Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-00650-090205
51. Wieland, A., & Wallenburg, C. M. (2013). The influence of relational competencies on supply chain resilience: A relational view. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 43(4), 300–320. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-08-2012-0243
52. Williamson, O. E. (1985). The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1496720
53. Zahra, S. A., & George, G. (2002). Absorptive Capacity: A Review, Reconceptualization, and Extension. The Academy of Management Review, 27(2), 185. https://doi.org/10.2307/4134351
54. Zhang, S., Sun, Q., Dai, L., & Wang, X. (2023). Turn calamities into blessings: the impact of resource reconfiguration and firm resilience on the company’s recovery and growth in the COVID-19 times. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 36(2), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-04-2022-0115/FULL/XML
Published
2025-05-31
How to Cite
Hasnaoui, L., & Lebbar, S. (2025). Resilience Strategies in Moroccan Artisanal Supply Chain Networks. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 21(13), 191. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2025.v21n13p191
Section
ESJ Social Sciences
Copyright (c) 2025 Lamiae Hasnaoui, Sara Lebbar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
